Developed by : KVS MOSCOW.

Principal, KV
A A ISRAEL

Subject Expert
Mr.Sreejith K V

Subject teacher
Khalisa Ashraf
SN Unit/Chapter Contents
1 Fundamental of Basic components of
Computer computer, Different I/O Devices, Computer Language, Software
definition and its types, Computer Memory,
Different types of
Printers.
Basic Concepts(workbook, worksheet,Datatypes,Cell, Cell
Address,Auto Sum, Formatting Data In tables,
Working with sheets
Adding, deleting renaming, moving sheets,
Rows and columns
Inserting new row and column
Hiding/Deleting row and column
Find and select data in given range.
Forms
Excel Introduction Drop down list
2 (PRACTICAL ONLY)

3 Spreadsheet (MS Table creating in MS Excel and implementation various Charts,

Excel) Cell reference in MS Excel, Sorting of data in MS Excel, Filtering
data in MS Excel, Conditional Formatting, Workbook and
Worksheet, Protection of workbook and worksheet.
4 Advance features Inserting different objects (i.e. images, Word Arts, audio & video
of MS etc.), Transitions in slide. Custom Animation with text, Adobe
PowerPoint. Presenter.
Introduction to HTML, Uses of HTML, HTML Tags, HEAD,
5 HTML TITLE,
BODY, Empty and Container Tags.
6 Use of Internet. Overview of Internet, Intranet, Different types of websites, Web
Browsers, Opening of web pages and Web sites, Use of search
engine, Creation of an Email and using it, Advantages and
Disadvantages of Social Media sites, Networking and Networks.

1
Chapter 1

Fundamental of Computer

Inside this chapter :, Basic components of computer, Different I/O Devices, Computer Language,
Software definition and its types, Computer Memory, Different types of Printers.

Basic components of Computer

Input Unit
The devices which are used to input the data and programs in the computer are known
as "Input Devices". Input unit accepts instructions and data from the user and converts these
instructions and data in computer acceptable format which are sent to computer system for
processing.

Keyboard: Keyboard is most common input device. The data and

instructions are input by typing on the keyboard. The message typed on
the keyboard reaches the memory unit of a computer. It is connected to
a computer via a cable. Apart from alphabet and numeral keys, it has
other function keys for performing different functions.

Mouse: It is a pointing device. The mouse is rolled over the mouse pad,
which in turn controls the movement of the cursor in the screen. You can
click, double click or drag the mouse. Its sensor notifies the speed of its
movements to the computer, which in turn moves the cursor/pointer on the
screen.
Scanner: Scanners are used to enter information directly in to the
computer memory. This device works like a Xerox machine. The
scanner converts any type of printed or written information including
photographs into digital pulses, which can be manipulated by the

computer.

Track Ball: Track ball is similar to the upside- down design of the mouse.
The user moves the ball directly, while the device itself remains
stationary. The user spins the ball in various directions to effect the
screen movements.

Light Pen: This is an input device which is used to draw lines or figures on
a computer screen. It is touched to the CRT screen where it can detect
raster on the screen as it passes.

Optical Character Reader (OCR): It is a device which detects alpha

numeric characters printed or written on a paper. The text which is to
be scanned is illuminated by a low frequency light source. The light is
absorbed by the dark areas but reflected from the bright areas. The
reflected light is received by the photocells.

Bar Code Reader: This device reads bar codes and coverts them into
electric pulses to be processed by a computer. A bar code is nothing but
data coded in form of light and dark bars.

Voice Input Systems: It converts spoken words to machine language

form. A microphone is used to convert human speech into electric signals.
The signal pattern is then transmitted to a computer when it is compared
to a dictionary of patterns that have been previously placed in a storage
unit of computer. When a close match is found, the word is recognized.

Digital Camera: It converts graphics directly into digital form. An electronic

chip in used in camera, when light falls, on the chip though the lens, it
converts light waves into electrical waves.
Output Unit
Output Device produces the final results of computer into human understandable form.
Output unit accepts the results produced by the computer which are in coded form and it
converts these coded results to human readable form.

Monitor: The monitor looks like a television screen. It is also called

Visual Display Unit (VDU) and it is used to display information from the
computer. There are coloured as well as black and white monitors. The
monitor displays text and graphics. Based on the technology used,
monitor is classified into two types. They are Cathode Ray Tube (CRT)
monitor and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) monitor.

Printer: A printer is used for transferring data from the computer to the
paper. There are colour printers as well as black and white printers.
The different types of printers are Dot Matrix Printers, Inkjet Printer and
Laser Printers.

Dot matrix Printer Inkjet Printer Laser Printer

6
 Types of Printers

Dot Matrix Printer Inkjet Printer Laser Printer

Prints characters in the Prints fully formed Prints fully formed characters.
form of dots. characters.

Speed: 200-540 Speed: 4-8 pages per Speed: 4-20 pages per minute.
characters per second. minute.

Not very expensive. Moderately priced. Expensive.

Touch Screen: A touch screen is a display screen that is sensitive to human touch. It allows
the user to interact with the computer by touching pictures or words
displayed on the screen. Touch screens are used to display the output
information on the screen as well as to give input by touching the words
or pictures on the screen. Thus it is an input/output device. Touch
screens are normally used when information has to be accessed with
minimum effort.

Plotter: Plotter is very large in size and is used to produce graphical

output on papers. It uses single or multi color pens to draw pictures as
blue print, posters etc.

Storage Unit

The data and instructions that are entered into the computer
system through input units have to be stored inside the computer
before the actual processing starts. Similarly, the results produced
by the computer after processing must also be kept somewhere
inside the computer system before being passed on to the output
units. The Storage Unit or the primary / main storage of a
computer system is designed to do all these things. It provides space for storing data and
instructions, intermediate results and for the final results.

7
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

The main unit inside the computer is the CPU. This unit is responsible for all events
inside the computer. It consists of Control Unit and Arithmetic and Logic unit. The CPU is the
brain of any computer system. In a human body, all major decisions are taken by the brain and
the other parts of the
body function as directed by the brain. Similarly, in a
computer system, all major calculations and comparisons are
made inside the CPU and it activates and controls the
operations of other units like Hard disk, Printer etc. of a computer system.

Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU): The arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) is the part where actual
computations take place. It consists of circuits that perform arithmetic operations (e.g. addition,
subtraction, multiplication, division over data received from memory and capable to compare
numbers (less than, equal to, or greater than etc).
Control Unit: The control unit acts as a central nervous system for the components of the
computer. It manages and coordinates the entire computer system. It obtains instructions from
the program stored in main memory, interprets the instructions, and issues signals that cause
other units of the system to execute them. the control unit directs and controls the activities of
the internal and external devices.

Computer Language
A language is defined as the medium of expression of thoughts. All the human beings in
this world communicate with each other by a language. Similarly, computer also needs some
expression medium to communicate with others.
A computer follows the instructions given by the programmer to perform a specific job.
To perform a particular task, programmer prepares a sequence of instructions, known as
program. A program written for a computer is known as Software.

1)First Generation Languages -1GLs (Machine language):When the human being stared
programming, the computer the instruction were given to it in a language that it could easily
understand is called as machine language. The binary language of 1 and 0 is known as
Machine language. Any instruction in this language is given in the form of 1s and 0s.

8
2) Second Generation Languages- 2GLs (Assembly Language):The first language similar
to English was developed in 1950 which was known as Assembly Language or Symbolic
Programming Languages. An assembly language is a low-level programming language for
microprocessors (CPU) and other programmable devices.

3) Third Generation Languages- (3GLs ) (High Level Languages):The languages developed

which were nearer to the English language in 1960 were known as High Level languages. The
different high level languages are FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, PASCAL, PL-1 and many others.

4) Fourth Generation Languages- (4GLs) (Query languages):The 3GLs are procedural in

nature means HOW the problem get programmed and the procedures require the knowledge
of HOW the problem will be solved. .4GLs are non-procedural that focuses on WHAT of the
problem is coded means ‘WHAT is required’. The main aim of 4GLs is to be cut down on
developed and maintenance time and making it easier for users. Example of 4GL is SQL
(Structured Query Language).

5) Fifth Generation Language-(5GLs):The 5GLs are designed to make the computer

“Smarter”. The use of 5GLs language touches on expert systems, computerized collection of
the knowledge of many human experts, artificial intelligence and independently smart
computer systems. Examples of 5GL are Prolog, OPS5 and Mercury.

Graphical User Interface (GUI) based languages: These are the languages which use a
Graphical User Interface to write, compile & execute the program with ease. Some of them are-

Visual Basic
Visual C++
C# (Pronounced as C sharp)
Visual Basic.NET
Visual Basic 2005

Software
Computer software also called program is a set of instructions that directs a computer to
perform specific tasks or operations. Computer software consists of computer programs and
libraries.

9
System software: Software that directly operates the computer hardware to provide basic
functionality needed by users and other software and to provide a platform for running
application software. System software includes:
Operating system (OS): Operating system manages resources of computer system
like memory, CPU, hard disk, printer etc. also provides an interface between user and
computer system & provides various services to other software.
Language Processor & Device drivers: All the devices like mouse, keyboard, modem
etc needs at least one corresponding device driver. A device driver is a program that
controls a device. A language processor is a hardware device designed or used to
perform tasks, such as processing program code to machine code. Language
processors are found in languages such as Fortran and COBOL

Application software: Software that performs special functions or provides entertainment

functions beyond the basic operation of the computer itself. There are many different types of
application software.
General purpose: Microsoft Word, Microsoft Excel, MS PowerPoint, Photoshop etc.
Customized: Invoice Management System, Airline Reservation System etc.
Utilities: Antivirus, Memory tester, Disk partitioning and Disk defragmenter etc.

Computer Memory:
A memory is just like a human brain. It is used to store data and instructions. Computer
memory is the storage space in computer where data is to be processed and instructions
required for processing are stored.
Memory is primarily of three types
Cache Memory
Primary Memory or Main Memory
Secondary Memory

Cache Memory: Cache memory is a very high speed

semiconductor memory which can speed up CPU. It acts as a
buffer between the CPU and main memory. It is used to hold
those parts of data and program which are most frequently
used by CPU. The parts of data and programs are
transferred from disk to cache memory by operating system from where CPU can access them.
Advantages
The advantages of cache memory are as follows:
• Cache memory is faster than main memory.
• It consumes less access time as compared to main memory.
• It stores the program that can be executed within a short period of time.
• It stores data for temporary use.

Disadvantages
The disadvantages of cache memory are as follows:
• Cache memory has limited capacity.
• It is very expensive.

Primary Memory (Main Memory): Primary memory is also

known as main memory. It holds only those data and
instructions on which computer is currently working. It has
limited capacity and data is lost when power is switched off. It is
generally made up of semiconductor device.
Characteristics of Main Memory
• These are semiconductor memories
• It is known as main memory.
• Usually volatile memory.
• Data is lost in case power is switched off.
• Faster than secondary memories.
 • A computer cannot run without primary memory.
Primary memory can be divided into RAM (Random Access Memory) and ROM (Read
Only Memory).

RAM ROM

Random Access Memory. Read Only Memory.

It is Volatile or temporary memory. It is Non Volatile or permanent memory

Data gets erased when power supply off. Data stored permanently.

Faster memory. Slow memory.

It is used in the normal operations of a A ROM chip is used primarily in the start-up
computer after starting up and loading process of a computer.
the operating system.

Secondary Memory
It is also known as external memory or non-volatile memory. It is slower than main
memory. These are used for storing data or information permanently. For example: hard disk,
CD-ROM, DVD etc.
Characteristic of Secondary memory
• These are magnetic and optical memories
• It is non-volatile memory which is used for storage of data in a computer.
• Data is permanently stored even if power is switched off.
• Computer may run without secondary memory.
• Slower than primary memories.
Printers
Printers are output devices which are used to prepare permanent output on paper.
Types of Printers

Printers can be divided into two main categories:

Impact Printers: It uses hammers or pins strike against a ribbon and paper to print the text.
This mechanism is known as electro-mechanical mechanism. They are of two types.
Character Printer
Line Printer
Character Printer: It prints only one character at a time. It has relatively slower speed. e.g.
Dot matrix printers.
Dot Matrix Printer: It prints characters as combination of
dots. These have a matrix of pins on the print head of the
printer which form the character. There is a carbon
between the pins & the paper. The words get printed on

the paper when the pin strikes the carbon. There are generally 9 or
24 pins.
Line Printer The line printer is an impact computer printer that prints one
entire line of text at a time. It is mostly associated with unit record
equipment and the early days of digital computing, but the technology is
still in use.
Non-Impact Printers: There printers use non-Impact technology such as ink-jet or laser
technology. There printers provide better quality of output at higher speed. These printers are
of two types:
Ink-Jet Printer: It prints characters by spraying patterns of ink on the paper
from a nozzle or jet. It prints from nozzles having very fine holes, from which
ink is pumped out to create various letters and shapes.
Laser Printer: It utilizes a laser beam to produce an image on a drum. The light of the laser
alters the electrical charge on the drum wherever it hits. The drum is then
rolled through a reservoir of toner, which is picked up by the charged
portions of the drum. Finally, the toner is transferred to the paper through a
combination of heat and pressure. They are much quieter than dot-matrix.
They are also relatively fast. The speed of laser printers ranges from about 4 to 20 pages of
text per minute (ppm).
 WORKSHEET
Identify the following peripherals as INPUT device or OUTPUT device.
1. Monitor
2. Keyboard
3. Scanner
4. Laser Printer
5. Mouse
6. Speakers
7. Digital Camera
Fill in the blank with the correct answer from the box. Some may be used more than
once or not at all.
CPU BIOS power supply hard drive network card
Motherboard RAM USB Port ROM video card
1. I connect computers and allow them to talk to each other.
2. I wake up the computer and remind it what to do.
3. I am the brain of the computer.
4. Information is stored on my magnetic cylinders.
5. I hold all of the other circuit boards.
6. I handle the graphics that are displayed on the monitor.
7. I am the type of port used by flash drives

Fill in the blanks with the vocabulary words from the box. Use each word only once.
information flash drive CD primary DVD secondary
Windows operating system graphics upgraded user friendly
1. ________________________ memory is stored on chips located on the motherboard.
2. _________________________memory is stored on the hard drive.
3. A _______________________can hold information greater than a CD or DVD.
4. A _______________________usually holds up to 650 to 700 MB.
5. A _______________________holds even more information at least 7 GB.
6. The purpose of storage in a computer is to hold ____________________or data.

7. A computer that is easy to operate is called

8. is the most common operating system for PCs.
9. Operating systems are constantly being as technology advances.
10.A Graphical User Interface (GUI) uses to help the user navigate within
the computer system.

Label the parts of the Computer System correctly.

 Chapter 2

Spreadsheet (MS EXCEL)

Introduction

PRACTICAL TOPICS
1.create a file in excel

2.make a simple mark sheet on spreadsheet

3.Auto computations like sum, average, maximum, minimum etc.

4.Basic Concepts
• workbook,
• worksheet,
• Datatypes,
• Cell,
• Cell Address,
• Auto Sum,
• Formatting Data In tables,
5.Working with sheets
• Adding a worksheet
• , deleting a worksheet
• renaming, a worksheet
• moving a worksheets,
6.Rows and columns
• Inserting new row and column
• Hiding/Deleting row and column
7.Find and select data in given range.
8.Creating Forms
9.Creating Drop down list
VARIOUS DATA TYPES
In Excel, data type means the type of values that a cell can hold. Three types of
values can be entered in a cell. They are –

 Labels (text) – These are descriptive information and they usually

include alphabet characters. E.g. name, months etc.

 Values (numbers) – These are generally numbers and dates.

 Formula – These are certain instructions for the Excel to perform calculations.

AUTO SUM

ABOUT THE CELL AND CELL ADDRESS

The individual units of a worksheet are known as the cell. In other words, an Excel
worksheet is composed of cells. Each cell has an address.
In the above given image, the address of the cell with the text KVS is F7 where F is the
column number and 7 is the row number. Various formulas and calculations are done on
the basis of these cell addresses.

FORMATTING THE DATA IN THE TABLE

The Excel tables help us to view and organize data. And on the organized data we can
apply many features like sorting and filtering.

To insert a table in a worksheet, follow the given below steps:

 Click on the Ribbon, click on the Insert tab.

 In the Tables group, click the tables command. Give the data. Click
on ‘ My table has headers’.
 Click OK

The heading cells of the table has drop down arrows that can be used to sort or filter data.
When the table is created, it is given a default name. We can later change the name. The
steps are as follows –

 Select any cell in the table.

 On the Ribbon, under the Table Tools tab, click the design tab.

 Click in the table Name Box and type the new name.
We can create a table with a specific style.

 In the Styles group, click Format as table.

 Click on the style that you want.

While selecting the table format always keep in mind its presentation and look. It is
advisable to select the table format that suits your data best.

CREATING FORMS

STEP 1: Convert your Column names into a Table, go to Insert> Table

Make sure My table has headers is also checked.

STEP 2: Let us add the Form Creation functionality. Go to File > Options

STEP 3: Go to Customize Ribbon.

Select Commands Not in the Ribbon and Form. This is the functionality we need.
Click New Tab.
STEP 4: Under the New Tab, select New Group and click Add.
This will add Forms to a New Tab in our Ribbon.
Notice that there is also a Rename button, you can use it to rename the New Tab and New
Groupinto something more descriptive, like Form:

STEP 5: Select your Table, and on your new Form tab, select Form.
STEP 6: A new Form dialogue box will pop up!
Input your data into each section.

Click New to save it. Repeat this process for all the records you want to add.
Press Close to get out of this screen and see the data in your Excel Table.

You can now use this new form to continually input data into your Excel Table!

Create a Drop-down List

To create a drop-down list in Excel, execute the following steps.

1. On the second sheet, type the items you want to appear in the drop-down list.
2. On the first sheet, select cell B1.

3. On the Data tab, in the Data Tools group, click Data Validation.

The 'Data Validation' dialog box appears.

4. In the Allow box, click List.

5. Click in the Source box and select the range A1:A3 on Sheet2.
6. Click OK.

Result:

Note: if you don't want users to access the items on Sheet2, you can hide Sheet2. To achieve this, right
click on the sheet tab of Sheet2 and click on Hide.

STEPS(another example)

SHEET 1

1. Open Sheet1.
2. Type apple into cell A1.
3. Type mango into cell A2.
4. Type banana into cell A3.
5. Type grapes into cell A4.
6. Select A1–A4
7. Select the Name Box above Column A
8. Type Fruits in the Name Box.
9. Press Enter

SHEET 2

1. Open Sheet2 and type Fruit Type: into cell D1.

2. Select E1 from Sheet2Select Data.
3. Select Data Validation -> Data Validation
4. Select the Settings tab.
5. Select List
6. Type =Fruits in the Source text box.
7. Select OK
Chapter 3

Spreadsheet (MS EXCEL)

Inside this chapter : Table creating in MS Excel and implementation various Charts, Cell reference in MS
Excel, Sorting of data in MS Excel, Filtering data in MS Excel, Conditional Formatting, Workbook and
worksheet, Protection of workbook and worksheet.

Microsoft Excel is a powerful spread sheet application that is perfect for maintaining
long lists of data, budgets, sales figures and other data. In this chapter you will learn some
important and interesting features of Excel like Table, Cell reference, inbuilt functions, sorting
of data etc. Let’s discuss these features one by one.
Creating a bar or column chart
To learn how to create a Column and Bar chart in Excel, let's use a simple example of
marks secured by some students in Science and Maths that we want to show in a chart format.
Note that a column chart is one that presents your data in vertical columns. A bar chart is very
similar in terms of the options you have, but presents your data in horizontal bars. The steps
below take you through creating a column chart but you can also follow them if you need to
create a bar chart.
Preparing chart data
The table below shows the data we want to chart. It is important that your data be
presented correctly in order to create a good looking chart.

Creating your column chart

Once your data has been prepared correctly, you are ready to create your chart. This is a
quick process, but it does involve a number of steps:
• First select your data, making sure that you include all of the data that is to be included
in the chart.
 → In our example above, that means selecting the range of cells from B5:D13.
→ It's important to remember to include the row headings if you want to use those
values as axis labels on your finished chart.
• Next, click Insert in the menu. The ribbon will change, and will include a number of
chart options(as shown below)

• In our case we are creating a Column chart and Bar

chart, so click the Column button first. The following
options will then be displayed. As you can see, there are
many options available. Select 3D Clustered Column
Chart. We can change it to one of the other chart types
later if we decide that this one doesn't suit our
requirements.
Once you select a chart type, Excel will automatically
create the chart and insert it onto your worksheet.

Now again select the data (cells from B5:D13) and this time select 3D Clustered
Column Chart in Bar chart option and your Bar chart will be ready.
 • Note the following points about this chart:
→ Excel has automatically put labels on an angle to fit neatly into the space
available.
→ The legend to the right of the chart contains the column heading from our
spreadsheet. You can change them by editing the headings in our data table.
→ Excel has chosen these colours based on a default theme. You can change the
theme if you need to, and the colours will change automatically. You can also
override the colours manually if you need to.
→ There is no title on the chart by default. You can add one manually, or choose a
chart layout that includes one.

Absolute and Relative references in excel formula

You can use three types of cell references in Excel formulas: relative, absolute, and
mixed. Using the correct type of cell reference in formulas ensures that they work as expected
when you copy them to another location in the worksheet. Formulas and functions are at their
most useful when using references, so you need to understand them.
Relative reference: Excel is dynamic when it comes to cell addresses. If you have a cell with
a formula that references a different cell's address and you copy the formula from the first cell
to another cell, Excel updates the cell reference inside the formula. Try an example:
1. In cell B2, enter 100.
2. In cell C2, enter =B2*2.
3. Press Enter. And you will see that Cell C2 returns the value 200.
4. Now Select cell C2.
5. Press Ctrl+C or click the Copy button on the Home tab.
6. Click cell C3.
 7. Press Ctrl+V or click the Paste button on the Home tab.
8. If you see a moving marquee around cell C2, press the Esc key.
Cell C3 should be the active cell, but if it is not, just click it once on C3. Look at the
Formula bar. The contents of cell C3 are =B3*2, and not the =B2*2 that you copied.

What happened? Excel assumed that if a formula in cell C2 references the cell B2 one
cell to the left then the same formula put into cell C3 is supposed to reference cell B3 also one
cell to the left. Relative references adjust when you copy a formula.
By default, Excel uses relative reference. Let’s see another example. See the formula in cell
D2 below. Cell D2 references (points to) cell B2 and cell C2. Both references are relative.

1. Select cell D2, click on the lower right corner of cell D2 and drag it down to cell D5.

Cell D3 references cell B3 and cell C3. Cell D4 references cell B4 and cell C4. Cell D5
references cell B5 and cell C5. In other words: each cell references its two neighbours on the
left.
Absolute cell reference: Sometimes you don't want relative addressing but rather absolute
addressing: making a cell reference fixed to an absolute cell address so that it doesn't change
when the formula is copied. In an absolute cell reference, a dollar sign ($) precedes both the
column letter and the row number. See the following example
1. To create an absolute reference to cell H3, place a $ symbol in front of the column letter and
row number of cell H3 ($H$3) in the formula of cell E3.

2. Now we can quickly drag this formula to the other cells.

The reference to cell H3 is fixed (when we drag the formula down and across). As a result, the
correct lengths and widths in inches are calculated.
Mixed reference: You can also have a mixed reference in which the column is absolute and
the row is relative or vice versa. To create a mixed reference, you use the dollar sign in front of
just the column letter or row number. Here are some examples:
Cell Reference Types
Reference Type Formula After copying the Formula
Relative =A1 Both the column letter A and the row number 1 can change.
Absolute =$A$1 The column letter A and the row number 1 does not change.
Mixed =$A1 The column letter A does not change. The row number 1 can change.
Mixed =A$1 The column letter A can change. The row number 1 does not change.
Built in functions
MS Excel has many built in functions which we can use in our formula. To see all the
functions by category choose Formulas Tab » Insert Function. Then Insert function Dialog
appears from which we can choose function.

Some important functions of excel by categories

• Text Functions
o LOWER : Converts all characters in a supplied text string to lower case
o UPPER : Converts all characters in a supplied text string to upper case
o CONCATENATE : Joins together two or more text strings
o LEFT : Returns a specified number of characters from the start of a supplied text
string
o RIGHT : Returns a specified number of characters from the end of a supplied
text string
• Date & Time
o TIME : Returns a time, from a user-supplied hour, minute and second
o NOW : Returns the current date & time
o TODAY : Returns today's date
• Statistical
o SUM : Returns the sum of a supplied list of numbers
o MAX : Returns the largest value from a list of supplied numbers
o MIN : Returns the smallest value from a list of supplied numbers
o COUNTIF : Returns the number of cells (of a supplied range), that satisfy a given
criteria
• Logical
o AND : Tests a number of user-defined conditions and returns TRUE if ALL of the
conditions evaluate to TRUE, or FALSE otherwise
o OR : Tests a number of user-defined conditions and returns TRUE if ANY of the
conditions evaluate to TRUE, or FALSE otherwise
 o NOT : Returns a logical value that is the opposite of a user supplied logical value
or expression i.e. returns FALSE is the supplied argument is TRUE and returns
TRUE if the supplied argument is FALSE)
• Mathematical
o SQRT : Returns the positive square root of a given number
o POWER: Returns the power of a number raised to second number.
How to insert a function in excel
Every function has the same structure. For example, SUM(A1:A4). The name of this
function is SUM. The part between the brackets (arguments) means we give Excel the range
A1:A4 as input. This function adds the values in cells A1, A2, A3 and A4. It's not easy to
remember which function and which arguments to use for each task. Fortunately, the Insert
Function feature in Excel helps you with this.
To insert a function, execute the following steps.
4. Select a cell.
5. Click the Insert Function button.

5. Search for a function or select a function from a

category. For example, choose COUNTIF from the
Statistical category.
6. Click OK.
The 'Function Arguments' dialog box appears.

6. Click in the Range box and select the range A1:C2.

7. Click in the Criteria box and type >5.
8. Click OK.
Result. Excel counts the number of cells that are higher
than 5.
Sorting in Excel
Sorting is a common task that allows you to change or customize the order of your
spreadsheet data. For example, you could organize your class student’s birthday list will make
you easier to find what you are looking for. Custom sorting takes it a step further, giving you
the ability to sort multiple levels—such as Name first, then birthdate etc.
To sort in alphabetical order:
3. Select a cell in the column you want to sort by. In this
example, we'll sort by Name.
4. Select the Data tab, then locate the Sort and Filter
group.
5. Click the ascending command to Sort A to Z or the
descending command to Sort Z to A.

4. The data in the spreadsheet will be organized alphabetically. (as shown below)
Sorting options can also be found on the Home tab, condensed into the
Sort & Filter command.
To sort in numerical order:
1. Select a cell in the column you want to sort by.(In our example C6)

2. From the Data tab, click the ascending command to Sort Smallest to Largest or the
descending command to Sort Largest to Smallest.
3. The data in the spreadsheet will be organized numerically.

Filters in Excel
If your worksheet contains a lot of content, it can be difficult to find information quickly.
Filters can be used to narrow down the data in your worksheet, allowing you to view only the
information you need.
Filtering data: In the following example, I am applying a filter to an equipment log worksheet
to display only the laptops and projectors that are available for checkout.
1. In order for filtering to work correctly, your worksheet should include a header row,
which is used to identify the name of each column. In our example, our worksheet is
organized into different columns identified by the header cells in row 1: ID#, Type,
Equipment Detail, and so on.
2. Select the Data tab, and then click the Filter command.

3. A drop-down arrow will appear in the header cell for each column.
4. Click the drop-down arrow for the column you want to filter. In our example, we will filter
column B to view only certain types of equipment.

5. The Filter menu will appear.

6. Uncheck the box next to Select All to quickly
deselect all data.
7. Check the boxes next to the data you want to
filter, and then click OK. In this example, we
will check Laptop and Tablet to view only
those types of equipment.
 8. The data will be filtered, temporarily hiding any content that doesn't match the criteria. In
our example, only laptops and tablets are visible.

Filtering options can also be accessed from the Sort & Filter
command on the Home tab.

Applying multiple filters:

Filters are cumulative, which means you can apply multiple filters to help narrow down your
results. In this example, we've already filtered our worksheet to show laptops and projectors,
and we'd like to narrow it down further to only show laptops and projectors that were checked
out in August.
1. Click the drop-down arrow for the column you want to filter. In this example, we will add
a filter to column D to view information by date.

2. The Filter menu will appear.

3. Check or uncheck the boxes depending on the data you want to filter, and then click
OK. In our example, we'll uncheck everything except for August.
 4. The new filter will be applied. In our example, the worksheet is now filtered to show only
laptops and tablets that were checked out in August.

How to clear a filter:

After applying a filter, you may want to remove or clear it from your worksheet so you'll be
able to filter content in different ways.
1. Click the drop-down arrow for the filter you want to clear. In our example, we'll clear the
filter in column D.

2. The Filter menu will appear.

3. Choose Clear Filter from [COLUMN NAME] from the Filter
menu. In our example, we'll select Clear Filter from
"Checked Out".
4. The filter will be cleared from the column. The previously
hidden data will be displayed.
Conditional formatting in Excel
Excel conditional formatting is a really powerful feature which helps you highlight the
most important information in your spreadsheets and identify variances of cells' values with a
quick glance. Conditional formatting in Excel is very straightforward and easy to use. So now
let’s discuss it with an example.
For a start, let's see where you can find the conditional formatting feature in MS Excel
2010. See Home tab -> Styles group.
Conditional formatting in Excel

1. In your Excel spreadsheet, select the cells you want to

format.
For this example, I've created a small table listing the Marks
obtained by the students out of 40. What we want is to
highlight the cells (C5:C22) which have less than 13 marks.
2. Select the cells C5:C22
3. Now, Go to the Home tab > Styles group and click
Conditional Formatting. You will see a number of different
formatting rules, including data bars, color scales and icon
sets.
4. Since we need to apply conditional formatting only to the
numbers less than 13, we choose Highlight Cells Rules > Less

• Format values greater than, less than or equal

to.
• Highlight text containing specified words or
characters.
• Highlight duplicates.
• Format specific dates.
 5. Enter the value in box in the right-hand part of the window under "Format cells that are
LESS THAN", in our case we type 13.

As soon as you have entered the value, Microsoft Excel will highlight the cells in the
selected range that meet your condition.
Worksheet
A worksheet is a collection of cells where you keep and manipulate the data. By default,
each Excel workbook contains three worksheets. An Excel worksheet is a single spreadsheet
that contains cells organized by rows and columns. A worksheet begins with row number 1 and
column A. In Excel 2010, the maximum size of a worksheet is 1,048,576 rows by 16,384
columns.
Select a Worksheet
When you open Excel, Excel automatically selects Sheet1 for you. The name of
the worksheet appears on its sheet tab at the bottom of the document window.

To select one of the other two worksheets, simply click on the sheet tab of Sheet2 or Sheet3.
Rename a Worksheet
By default, the worksheets are named Sheet1, Sheet2 and Sheet3. To give a worksheet a
more specific name, execute the following steps.
1. Right click on the sheet tab of Sheet1.
2. Choose Rename.
3. For example, type Class VI.
 →

Insert a Worksheet
You can insert as many worksheets as you want. To quickly insert a new worksheet, click the
Insert Worksheet tab at the bottom of the document window.

Move a Worksheet
To move a worksheet, click on the sheet tab of
the worksheet you want to move and drag it into
the new position.
1. For example, click on the sheet tab of Sheet4
and drag it before Sheet2.

Delete a Worksheet
To delete a worksheet, right click on a sheet tab and choose Delete.
For example, delete Sheet4.

→
Copy a Worksheet
Imagine, you have Class VI ready and want to create the exact same sheet for Class VI
Games, but with different data. You can recreate the worksheet, but this is time-consuming. It's
a lot easier to copy the entire worksheet and only change the numbers.
1. Right click on the sheet tab of Class VI.
2. Choose Move or Copy...
The 'Move or Copy' dialog box appears.

3. Select (move to end) and check Create a copy.

4. Click OK.

Now Rename this sheet as Class VI Games

Workbook
Excel 2010 includes a Protect Workbook command that prevents others from making
changes to the layout of the worksheets in a workbook. You can assign a password when you
protect an Excel workbook so that only those who know the password can unprotect the
workbook and change the structure or layout of the worksheets. Now, let’s see protections one
by one with example.
How to protect an excel workbook
This example teaches you how to protect the workbook structure and windows in Excel.
Protecting Structure
If you protect the workbook structure, users cannot insert, delete, rename, move, copy, hide or
unhide worksheets anymore.
1. Open a workbook.
2. On the Review tab, click Protect Workbook.

3. Check Structure, enter a password and click OK.

4. Re-enter the password and click on OK.
Users cannot insert, delete, rename, move, copy, hide or unhide
worksheets anymore.
Protecting windows
If you protect the workbook windows, users cannot move, change the size and close windows
anymore.
1. Open a workbook.
2. On the Review tab, click Protect Workbook.

3. Check Windows enter a password and click OK.

4. Re-enter the password and click on OK.

You cannot move, change the size and close windows anymore.

To unprotect the workbook, click Protect Workbook and enter the password.
Protect Sheet
Sometimes you may want to protect a worksheet to help prevent it from being changed.
Follow these steps to protect the worksheet.
1. Right click a worksheet tab.
2. Click Protect Sheet.

3. Enter a password.
4. Check the actions you allow the users of your
worksheet to perform.
5. Click OK.
6. Confirm the password and click OK.

Your worksheet is protected now. To unprotect a

worksheet, right click on the worksheet tab and
click Unprotect Sheet.
 WORKSHEET

Fill in the blank with correct option

Bar chart, Worksheet, $, Autosum, formula bar, Sorting, =, Logical operator, now, three

1. …………………Tests a number of user-defined conditions.

2. Workbook is a collection of ………………
3. You can sum a large range of data by simply selecting a tool button called …………………
4 .……………………… is method of arranging the data in ascending or descending order.
5. ………………………… can be created in Excel easily.
6. …………………………… function displays current date and time in MS Excel.
7. In the formula, ……………………………….symbol specifies the fixed columns or rows.
8. Excel displays the current cell address in the ………………………
9. By default, a workbook have ………………….. worksheets
10.Formulas in Excel start with……………………

Lab Assignment / Project

1. In Microsoft Excel , Mr. Shubham putting the sum of 3 cells in a 4th cell. If the sum is
greater than 10, he would like the sum to be the color red. If the sum is less than 10, I
would like the sum to be the color blue. Is this possible? If yes, How to achieve it?

2. You have an Excel spreadsheet and you would like to filter more than types of criteria from
a single column. How can filter a single column based on one or more criteria?

3. You are trying to put some data in alphabetical order. There are 4 columns and over
2,000+ rows of information. I need to sort the data by column B in alphabetical order. How
do you do this?
Chapter 4

Advance features of MS PowerPoint

Inside this chapter : Inserting different objects (i.e. images, Word Arts, audio & video etc.), Transitions in
slide, Custom Animation with text.

PowerPoint is a presentation software program of the Microsoft Office package.

PowerPoint uses a graphical approach to presentations in the form of slide shows that
accompany the oral delivery of the topic. This program is widely used in business and
classrooms and is an effective tool when used for training purposes. It provides “Power to your
Point. PowerPoint is one of the simplest computer programs to learn.
PowerPoint presentations can be made into photo albums, complete with music or
narrations, to distribute on CDs or DVDs. All in all, PowerPoint is a "one-stop-shop" to create
successful presentations for the business world, the classroom or just for your own personal
use.
In this chapter we will discuss some advance features of PowerPoint.

Inserting different objects in PowerPoint

slide 1. Inserting a picture
There are two ways to insert a picture on your slide in PowerPoint:
Using Content placeholder
1. Launch PowerPoint. Most of the time,
PowerPoint already has a new slide,
change the layout of this slide to Title and
Content by selecting the Home tab | Layout
| Title and Content option. These results in
the slide layout you see in the Picture.
Click on the Insert Picture from File button
in the Content placeholder, as highlighted in
red.
Using Insert picture tool
If you want to add a picture on an existing slide that has no Content placeholder, you can
select the Insert tab of the Ribbon, and click the Picture button.

Either way, you will open the Insert Picture dialog box. Navigate to the folder where your
pictures are located, you will see the icons or thumbnails of the pictures as shown in following
picture. Select the picture you need, and click on the Insert button highlighted in red.

As soon as you click the Insert button, you will see the selected picture placed on the
PowerPoint slide.

Now, the picture can be edited by resizing, moving, rotating, etc.

 2. Inserting Word Art
WordArt offers additional effects like outline text, fill, gradient, 3D effects and shadows etc.
If you want to, you can add WordArt using the WordArt command on the Insert tab in the
Text group.
1. On the Insert tab, in the Text group, click WordArt. The WordArt Styles gallery opens.

2. Click on the style you want to insert, and a text box appears with the text “Your text
here”, with the WordArt style you selected applied to it.

3. Edit the text to whatever you want it to be.

At this point, you’ll see a Drawing Tools Format context tab. Here you’ll find the WordArt Styles
group.
This contains the Preset styles gallery, and drop downs for controlling the Text Fill, Text
Outline, and (most fun) Text Effects.

As you can see, there are a lot of possibilities to explore.

Adding Slide Transitions

Transitions between slides cover much more than some movement between one slide and the
next. Slide transitions in PowerPoint many option including timings and sounds.
In either the Slide Sorter or Normal view, select the slide or slides which you want to apply the
transition to. Now, lets do it practically.
1. From the menu ribbon, select the Transitions tab.
 2. The most commonly used animations will appear in the center. To preview more
transition options, click the down arrow.

3. Select a transition from the list. Clicking it will apply the transition to the slide. You can
also select Apply to All to apply the same transition to all your slides.
4. In the Duration option, enter the speed at which you want the transition to play.

5. In the Sound field, use the drop-down menu to select a sound to play during a slide
transition, if desired.

6. Indicate how you want the slide transition to occur by selecting an option under the
Advance Slide heading. Select On mouse Click if you want the transition to take place
when you click the left mouse button.
Select Automatically After if you want the transition to occur after a specified time. Use
the up and down arrow keys in the blank box to specify the number of seconds which
should pass before the transition takes place.

Animation with Text

In PowerPoint you can animate text and objects such as clip art, shapes, and pictures.
Animation or movement on the slide can be used to draw the audience's attention to specific
content or to make the slide easier to read.
Types of animations
There are many different animation effects you can choose from, and they are organized into
four types:
• Entrance: These control how the object enters the slide. For example, with the Bounce
animation, the object will drop onto the slide and then bounce several times.

• Emphasis: These animations occur while the object is on the slide and are often
triggered by a mouse click. For example, you can set an object to Spin when you click
the mouse.

• Exit: These control how the object exits the slide. For example, with the Fade
animation, the object will simply fade away.

• Motion Paths: These are similar to Emphasis effects, except the object moves within
the slide along a predetermined path, like a circle.

How to apply animation to Text

1. Select the text.
2. Click the Animations tab.
3. In the Animation group, click the More drop-down arrow to view the available
animations.
 4. Select the desired animation effect.

5. The text will now have a small number next to it to show that it has an animation. Also,
in the Slide pane, the slide will now have a star symbol next to it.

Some effects will have options you can change. For example, with the Fly In effect, you can
control which direction the object comes from. These options can be accessed from the Effect
Options command in the Animation group.

You can apply more than one animation effects for a text
Animation Painter:
Sometimes you may want to apply the same effects to more than one object. You can do this
by copying the effects from one object to another using the Animation Painter.
1. Click the object that has the effects you want to copy.
2. From the Animations tab, click the Animation Painter command.

3. Click the object you want to copy the effects to. The effects will be applied to the object.

Animation pane
The Animation pane allows you to view and manage all of the effects that are on the current
slide. You can modify and reorder effects directly from the Animation pane, which is especially
useful when you have several effects.
To open the Animation pane:
1. From the Animations tab, click the Animation Pane command.

2. The Animation pane will open on the right side of the window. It will show all of the
effects for the current slide in the order they will appear.
To reorder effects from the Animation pane:
1. On the Animation pane, click and drag an effect up or down.

2. The effects will reorder.

To preview effects from the Animation pane:
1. From the Animation pane, click the Play button.

2. The effects for the current slide will play. On the right side of the Animation pane, you
will be able to see a timeline that shows the progress through each effect.

The Effect options dialog box

From the Animation pane, you can access the Effect Options dialog box, which contains more
advanced options you can use to fine tune your animations.
To open the Effect Options dialog box:
1. From the Animation pane, select an effect. A drop-down arrow will appear next to the
effect.
2. Click the drop-down arrow, and select Effect Options. The Effect Options dialog box will
appear.
3. From here, you can add various enhancements to the effect:
o Sound: This adds a sound effect to the animation.
o After animation: This changes the color after the animation is over.
o Animate text: If you are animating text, you can choose to animate it all at once,
one word at a time, or one letter at a time.

To change the effect timing:

1. From the Effect Options dialog box, select the Timing tab.
2. From here, you can add a delay before the effect starts, change the duration of the
effect, and control whether the effect repeats.

→
 WORKSHEET

Fill in the blanks with correct option

Animation Painter, Auto clipart, Slide transition, drag, F5

1…………….is the term used when you press and hold the left mouse key and move the

mouse around the slide.

2. The entry effect as one slide replaces another in a show is called……………

3. ………………is a feature that automatically places clipart in your presentation.

4. ………………key can be used to view Slide show.

5. We can copy the effects from one object to another using……………………

Lab Assignment / Project

1. Create a PowerPoint presentation on Input and Output devices of Computer System.

2. Create a PowerPoint presentation with animation on Types of Printers.
69
Chapter 6

HTML

Inside this chapter : Introduction to HTML, Uses of HTML, HTML Tags, HEAD, TITLE, BODY, Empty and Container Tags.

What is HTML?
HTML is a computer language invented to allow website creation. The websites can then be
viewed by anyone else connected to the Internet. It is relatively easy to learn, with the basics
being accessible to most people in one sitting and quite powerful in what it allows you to
create. HTML is used to build the websites or web based applications.
HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
• HyperText is the method by which you move around on the web by clicking on special
text called hyperlinks which bring you to the next page.
• Markup is what HTML tags do to the text inside them. They mark it as a certain type of
text for example italicized text.
How does it work?
HTML consists of a series of short codes typed into a text-file called as tags. The text is then
saved as html file, and viewed through a browser like Internet Explorer. This browser reads
the file and translates the text into a visible form, hopefully rendering the page as the author
had intended.
Some of the most popular HTML editors, such as FrontPage or Dreamweaver will let you
create pages more or less as you write documents in Word or whatever text editor you are
using.
Essential HTML Tags
There are four sets of HTML tags that form the basic structure needed for every HTML file:
• <html></html>
• <head></head>
• <title></title>
• <body></body>
<html> </html>
This basically defines the document as web page. It also identifies the beginning and
end of the HTML document. All other tags must fall between the html tags.
<head> </head>
The header contains information about the document that will not appear on the actual
page, such as the title of the document, the author etc.
<title> </title>
The title tag defines the title that will appear in the title bar of your web browser. The
title must appear between the head tags.
<body> </body>
The body tags contain all the information and other visible content on the page. All
your images, links and plain text must go between the <body> and </body> tags.
You may also be interested in the basic tags for adding content and headings.
Example:
Below is a basic html document. Notice that everything falls between the html tags, the title
appears within the head of the document, and that the body comes after the head.
1. Open Notepad.
2. Type the HTML program as given below.
3. Click file->Save as

4. Select Desktop, type the file name as myfile.html

and select All files in Save as type box and Click on
save.
Your HTML file will be save to desktop
5. Double click on the file(as shown below) and
your webpage is ready for display.
Empty tag and Container tag
A container tag has two ends (an opening and a closing) whereas an empty tag doesn't.
The paragraph tag is an example of a container tag:
<p>Our paragraph text here.</p>
The image tag is a good example of an empty tag.
<img src="kvslogo.png" >
See how the initial paragraph tag (<p>) has a corresponding end tag? The text in between is
"contained" by the tag.
The majority of tags are "container" tags. They have an opening and a closing tag.
However, a few tags are "self-contained" or "empty" tags in that they have an opening tags but
not a closing one.
They common ones are:
• <br> = break
• <img> = image
• <meta> = metadata within an HTML document.

79
 WORKSHEET

Fill in the blanks with correct option

<BR>, <HTML>, header, .html, container, tag, title, body, empty , web programming

1. Extension of a HTML file is……………………

2. Predefined command in HTML is knows as…………………
3. HTML is a ………………………language.
4. All HTML programs must have………………tag the begging of program.
5. The ………………contains information about the document that will not appear on
the actual page.
6. The ………… tag must appear between the head tags.
7. The ……………tags contain all the information and other visible content on the page.
8. A ……….……………tag has an opening and a closing end.
9. A…………………tag doesn't have a closing end.
10....................is an example empty tag.

Lab Assignment / Project

1. Create a HTML page that contains your name, class, father’s name, mother’s
name etc. Save this HTML file to Desktop and test the result.

Solve the crosswords using the words from the lesson

H L

H
W E P G

D A R U

H E L K

80
Chapter 5

Internet & Networks

Inside this chapter : Overview of Internet, Intranet, Different types of websites, Web Browsers, Opening of
web pages and Web sites, Use of search engine, Creation of an Email and using it,
Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media sites, Networking and Networks.

Internet is a collection of computers connected by network

cables or through satellite links. Internet is a network of networks. It is
also knows as Super Network. There are millions of computing
devices that are connected to this network either permanently or for a
short duration. These devices run network applications that
communicate through copper or fiber optic cables, radio or satellite
transmission.
The Internet connectivity is provided by Internet Service Providers (ISP) like BSNL,
Airtel, Reliance, Aircel Vodafone etc.

Advantages
Internet covers almost every aspect of life. Here, we will discuss some of the advantages of
Internet.

81
 Internet allows you to communicate with the people sitting at remote locations using we
site and applications like Facebook,Twitter,Yahoo,Google+,Flickr,Orkut etc.
You can find any kind of information on any topic over the internet such as Technology,
Health & Science, Social Studies, Geographical Information, Information Technology,
Products etc.
It also provides entertainment through various modes like online television, online
games, songs, videos, social networking apps.
Internet also allows us to use many services like Internet banking, matrimonial services,
online shopping, online ticket booking, online bill payment, data sharing, e-mail etc.
Disadvantages
However, Internet has proved to be a powerful source of information in almost every field, yet
there exists many disadvantages discussed below:

82
 There are always chances to loose personal information such as name, address, credit
card number. Therefore, one should be very careful while sharing such information.
Spamming corresponds to the unwanted e-mails in bulk. These e-mails serve no
purpose and lead to block of entire system.
Virus can easily be spread to the computers connected to internet.
There are many pornographic sites that can be found, which indirectly affects your
healthy and mental life.

Intranet: An intranet is a private network

accessible only to an organization's staff.
Intranet is system in which multiple PCs are
connected to each other. PCs in intranet are
not available to the world outside the intranet.
Usually each company or organization has
their own Intranet network and members of
that company can access the computers in
their intranet.
Similarities in Internet and Intranet
Intranet uses the internet protocols such as TCP/IP and FTP.
Intranet sites are accessible via web browser in similar way as websites in
internet. But only members of Intranet network can access intranet hosted sites.
In Intranet, own instant messengers can be used as similar to yahoo messenger/
Gtalk over the internet.
Differences in Internet and Intranet
Internet is general to PCs all over the world whereas Intranet is specific to few
PCs.
Internet has wider access and provides a better access to websites to large
population whereas Intranet is restricted.
Internet is not as safe as Intranet as Intranet can be safely privatized as per
the need.

83
Types of websites: There are various types of website available in Internet. Here we will
discuss some basic types.
Website Type Definition Example
Personal Used for sharing personal
http://www.sachintendulkar.in
Websites information.
Photo Sharing
Used for sharing photographs. https://www.flickr.com
Websites
A Website for sharing information,
Blogs http://www.narendramodi.in
ideas and views.
Informational Provides information on various
https://www.wikipedia.org
Websites topics.
Directory A Source to access all Websites at
https://goidirectory.nic.in
Websites all levels and from all sectors.
E-commerce
Business Websites https://www.irctc.co.in
Websites

Web browser: A browser is a software application used to locate, retrieve and display content
of Web pages, images, video and other files. The browser contacts the Web server and
requests information and Web server sends the
information back to the Web browser which displays the
results on the computer. Example of Web browser are
Mozilla firefox, Internet explorer, Google chrome ,epic etc.

Opening of Webpages and websites: Opening a website is very easy process. First of all
you must have a working internet connection on your computer.

84 Search a browser which installed in your computer like Mozilla firefox, Internet
explorer, Google chrome ,Epic, opera etc. double click on the icon of browser and type
 the name of website in address bar which you want to open. E.g
www.kvsangathan.nic.in (See below).

Use of Search Engine: Search engines are websites that sea rch the internet for you
and give you a list of search results. Search engines can
search for more than just written information. Depending on
the search engine you’re using, you might also be able to
search for other online content like images, video content,
books and news, as well as products and services.
You do not always have to know a website’s address in
order to use the Internet. It is important to know how to
search for information. One of the best methods to search is to use a search engine.
You can use a search engine to help you find what you're looking for. You can also
search for online maps and directions to help plan your travel from one place to another.
Example: Google, Infoseek, Excite, Lycos, AltaVista etc.

85
 Email (Electronic Mail): Email is like sending a letter,, you can send the email and it get to
the other person's email account within seconds. If you have an email address, you can
email anyone else who has an email address, including government agencies and lots of
different kinds of businesses.
You can create one or more email addresses. When you create a new email account, you'll
have to pick email addresses that haven't already been chosen by someone else. Let’s see
how you can create an Email account.
In the following example I am creating a new email account in rediff.com but you can your
create email account through any website
which offers free email creation like Google, yahoo,
Hotmail etc.

1. Open website www.rediffmail.com and click on

2. Now, click on Create a new account
3. Type username ,check the availability of this
Email ID and type password and other
mandatory information for your email
account(See below)
4. Finally, click on Create my account.
5. Your email account creation is over.

Now, you can send or receive emails with this ID. For writing new email, use Write Mail or
Compose option and to check the Incoming Email list, see the option Inbox.

Social media sites: A social media site is a platform to build social networks and social
relations among people who share similar interests, activities, backgrounds or real-life
connections. Social media sites are web-based services that allow individuals to create a
public profile, create a list of users with whom to share
connections, and view and cross the connections within the
system. Social media sites incorporate mobile connectivity,
photo & video sharing and blogging. Some popular social
86 media sites are Facebook, twitter, LinkedIn, Google Plus+,
Instagram and Flickr.
Advantages of Social Media sites:
 1. Social networking provides medium for self-expression.
2. Social media sites helps people stay in touch that might not do it otherwise.
3. Social media sites are used to help advertise goods and services.
4. Social media sites provide platform for job searches.

Disadvantages of Social Media sites:

1. Social media sites takes time away from other activities and can take over from real time
interaction.
2. Social media sites extend the gap between people who have access to computer
technology and those that don't.
3. Social media sites can be used to promote organized crime.
4. When social media sites are used excessively or in the wrong way, it could have serious
detrimental outcomes on both mental and even physical health of individuals.

Networking and Networks:

Computer Network: A computer network allows computers to
exchange data, Information and share resources. The connections
between computers (nodes) are established using either cable media
or wireless media.
Types of Network
There are many types of computer networks, including the following:
Local-Area Network (LAN): The computers are connected in a building or office.
Wide-Area Network (WAN): The computers are connected by telephone lines or
radio waves across country or continent.
Metropolitan-Area Network MAN): A network designed for a town or city. Personal
Area Network (PAN): A network contained within a user's home that connects a
person's digital devices.

WORKSHEET

Fill in the blanks with correct option.

WAN, inbox, ISP, social media, directory, MAN, super, LAN, blog, search engine
87

1. Internet is also known as………………network.

 2. Network within a building is knows as ………

3. Internet is a …………type of network.

4. Internet connectivity is provided by…………

5. ……………website used for sharing information, ideas and views.

6.…………website is a Source to access all Websites at all levels and from all sectors.

7. Google is a popular…………………………

8. Incoming email list can be viewed through …………………

9. Facebook is a………………site.

10. A network which designed for a town or city is known as …………

Match left side terminology with the correct option from right side.

1. Twitter a. Browser.

2. PAN b. Internet Service Provider.

3. BSNL c. Social media website.

4. Firefox d. Private network at home.

88