ES 11 Engineering Drawing I

Geometric Design
Geometry Construction means to draw shapes, angle or
lines accurately. These constructions uses only compass,
straightedge (i.e. ruler) and pencil.

Engr. V.C. Alfarero

 Geometric Design
Geometric Entities
 Points
Points are geometric constructs. They are considered to
have no width, height, or depth. They are used to indicate
locations in space.
-When a point is located on an existing line, a light, short
dashed line or cross bar is placed on the line at the
location of the exact point. Never represent a Point on a
drawing by a dot; except for sketching locations

Engr. V.C. Alfarero

 Geometric Design
Geometric Entities
 Lines
A straight line is defined as the shortest distance between
two points. Geometrically, a line has length but no other
dimension such as width or thickness. Lines are used in
drawings to represent the edge view of a surface, the
limiting element of a contoured surface, or the edge
formed where two surfaces on an object join

Engr. V.C. Alfarero

 Geometric Design
Geometric Entities
 Planes
A plane may serve as a coordinate-system orientation that
shows a surface true shape.
- Planes are defined by any of the following
a. Three points not lying in a straight line
b. Two parallel lines
c. Two intersecting lines
d. A point and a line

Engr. V.C. Alfarero

 Geometric Design
Geometric Entities
 Angles
An angle is formed by the intersection of two lines.
Three major kinds of angles:
a. Right Angle
b. Acute Angle
c. Obtuse Angle

Engr. V.C. Alfarero

 Geometric Design
Geometric Entities
 Triangles
A triangle is a closed plane figure with three straight sides
and their interior angles sum up exactly 180.

Engr. V.C. Alfarero

 Geometric Design
Geometric Entities
 Circles
A circle is a set of points that are equidistant from a center
point. The distance from the center to one of the points is the
radius. The distance across the center to any two points on
opposite sides is the diameter. The circumference of a circle
contains 360° of arc.

Engr. V.C. Alfarero

 Geometric Design
Geometric Entities
 Arc
An arc is a portion of a circle.
An arc can be defined by specifying any one of the following:
 a center, radius, and angle
 a center, radius, and chord length
 a center, radius, and arc length
 the endpoints and a radius
 the endpoints and a chord length
 the endpoints and arc length
 the endpoints and one other point on the arc (3 points)

Engr. V.C. Alfarero

 Geometric Design
Geometric Entities
 Quadrilateral
A quadrilateral can be defined as a closed, two-dimensional
shape which has four straight sides.

EQUAL
OPPOSITE
SIDES TWO SIDES SIDES
PARALLEL EQUAL

SQUARE TRAPEZOID PARALLELOGRAM

OPPOSITE
SIDES EQUAL
TWO SIDES
EQUAL SIDES
PARALLEL

RECTANGLE RHOMBUS TRAPEZIUM

Engr. V.C. Alfarero
 Geometric Design
Geometric Entities
 Polygon
A polygon is any plane figure bounded by straight lines .

3 4 4 5
SIDES SIDES SIDES SIDES

TRIANGLE RECTANGLE SQUARE PENTAGON

10
6 7 8
SIDES
SIDES SIDES SIDES

HEXAGON HEPTAGON OCTAGON DECAGON

Engr. V.C. Alfarero

 Geometric Design
How to?

Draw a line joining

D and E to find the
center.

From point A and B as

centers construct an
arc with a radius
greater than half of AB.

Bisect a Line or Circular Arc

Engr. V.C. Alfarero
 Geometric Design
How to?

Draw line a connecting

the point to the center Locate the points,
of the circle. to bisect the line.
(a.) (b.) (c.)

C C

Point C as center
Connect the draw an arc across
points to locate the circles.
The arc that touches
the center . (e.) (f.)
the circle will be the
(d.) tangent points
Drawing Tangents to Two Circles
Engr. V.C. Alfarero
 Geometric Design
How to?

(a.) Draw line a connecting (b.) Locate the points,

the point to the center to bisect the line. (c.)
of the circle.

C C

Point C as center
Connect the draw an arc across
points to locate the circles. The arc that touches
the center . (e.) (f.)
(d.) the circle will be the
Drawing Tangents to Two Circles tangent points
Engr. V.C. Alfarero
 Geometric Design
How to?

Draw a Locate the points

Construct
(a.) chord across (b.) to bisect the line. (c.)
a circle.
the circle.

The intersection
Draw a line
between the bisecting
connecting the
(d.) line is the center. (e.)
points.
Locating the center of a Circle
Engr. V.C. Alfarero
 Geometric Design
How to?

With a compass on the

Draw a line from the point, strike an arc
Construct
center, through a point, along the line with a
(a.) a circle. (b.) (c.)
and beyond the circle. radius greater than half
of the line.

Draw a line The intersection

connecting the between the bisecting
(d.) points. (e.) line is the center.

Tangent to a circle at a Point

Engr. V.C. Alfarero
 Geometric Design
How to?

Draw a line from the

center, through a point,
Given angle. and beyond the circle.
ANY CONVENIENT RADIUS

(a.) (b.)

The intersection
between the bisecting
line is the center.

(c.)

Bisecting an Angle
Engr. V.C. Alfarero
 Geometric Design
How to?

Draw one side, as C, in the

Given sides. desired position, and strike
A an arc with radius equal to A.

(a.) (b.)

B Connect the lines, to

complete the triangle.
Strike an arc with
radius equal to side B.

(c.) (d.)

Drawing a Triangle with sides given

Engr. V.C. Alfarero
 Geometric Design
How to?

Given sides. With OP as a diameter equal

to A, draw a semicircle.
O P
(b.)
(a.)

Q With O as center and B as Q Connect the lines to

radius, strike an arc complete the right triangle.
intersecting the semicircle at Q.

B
O P O P
(c.) (d.)

Drawing a Right Triangle with Hypotenuse and one side given

Engr. V.C. Alfarero
 Geometric Design
How to? C

With A and B as centers and

AB as radius, strike an arc to
intersect at C.
Given side.

(a.) (b.)
C

Connect the lines to

complete the triangle.

(c.) (d.)

Drawing an Equilateral Triangle

Engr. V.C. Alfarero
 Geometric Design
How to? 2. With P as center and PQ
as radius r , strike and arc
along the circumference of
the circle. P
r

R
1. Use O as the
Given circle. center and CO as the
Bisect radius CA. Q
radius R to strike an
arc across the
diameter of the circle.
(a.) (b.) (c.)
P
r
R
S
Continue the process of Q Draw the side of
step c-2 around the the pentagon
circumference of the circle. using this points.
(d.) (e.)

Drawing a Regular Pentagon

Engr. V.C. Alfarero
 Geometric Design
How to?

Using your compass,

use the radius of the Draw the sides of
Given circle. circle to mark the six the hexagon
points of the hexagon using this point.
around the circle.

(a.) (b.) (c.)

Each side of a
Given circle. hexagon is equal to Draw the sides of
the radius of the the hexagon
circumscribed circle. using this point.

(a.) (b.) (c.)

Drawing a Hexagon
Engr. V.C. Alfarero
 Geometric Design

Engr. V.C. Alfarero