STRESS & COMPOUND WORDS

Trabajo N°: 7
Nombre del Alumno: Guadalupe Fowler
Nombre del Profesor: Patricia Lludgar- Lic. Julieta Nievas.
Asignatura: Fonética y Fonología Inglesa II
Carrera: Tecnicatura Superior en Traducción de Inglés
Curso: 2° año
Fecha: 27/07/2020

Villa María

2020
Unit 16

Exercises
16. 1) Do these compounds have main stress on their first part or their second part?
Underline the syllable with the main stress. (Hint: Think about whether they are noun +
noun compounds or adjective + noun compounds.)

EXAMPLES safety valve (noun + noun)

guilty party (adjective + noun)

1. chemical formula 7. mobile phone

2. bank account 8. flight attendant
3. American football 9. sofa bed
4. artificial intelligence 10. magnetic field
5. coffee shop 11. tea strainer
6. best man 12. space station

A79 Now listen and check your answers. Then say the words aloud.
16. 2) Use the compounds in the box to answer the questions. Think carefully about
where main stress is placed and say your answers aloud. (Some of the words are given
in B and C opposite.)

Boiling point Distance learning Lipstick Search party

Civil war Greenhouse Loudspeaker Shop assistant
Claim form Hot potato Orange juice Towel
Defining moment House-hunting Pay phone Town hall
Dental floss Ice rink Rubber band Voicemail

What is...
1. a system that records phone messages for you? Voicemail.
2. a sheet of thick paper for drying your hands? A paper towel.
3. battles between different groups of people living in the same country? A civil war.
4. a building made of glass used for growing plants? A greenhouse.
5. a level area of ice for people to skate on? An ice rink.
6. a way of studying where you mainly study at home? Distance learning.
7. a piece of equipment that sound comes out of? A loudspeaker.
8. a problem that no-one wants to deal with? A hot potato.
9. a legal document that you use to try to get compensation from an organisation? A
claim form.
10. the activity of looking for a house to live in? House-hunting.
11. a building where the local government usually meets? A town hall.
12. a public telephone that you have to put money in to use? A pay phone.
13. a point at which a situation clearly starts to change? A defining moment.
14. a drink made from crushed oranges? Orange juice.
15. a coloured substance that women put on their lips? Lipstick.
16. the temperature at which liquid becomes a gas? Boiling point.
17. a group of people who look for someone who is missing? A search party.
18. someone who serves customers in a shop? A shop assistant.
19. thread used for cleaning between the teeth? Dental floss.
20. a ring of rubber for holding things together? A rubber band.

A80 Now listen and check your answers. Which five compounds are exceptions to the
rules in B and C opposite?

The exceptions are: House-hunting, orange juice, town hall, greenhouse, and dental
floss.

Follow up: List ten compound nouns commonly used in a subject that interests you (e.g.
an academic subject, or a hobby). Make sure you know where the main stress falls in
each. Add to the list when you find new compound nouns in the subject.

Barbershop Mouthpiece
Disc jockey Musical instrument
Grand piano Bluegrass
Tuning fork French horn
Heavy metal Soundtrack
Unit 17

Exercises

17. 1) Do these compound adjectives have main stress in their first part or their second
part? Underline the syllable with main stress.

EXAMPLES Sky-high
Colour-coded

1. Homesick 5. Armour-plated 9. Empty-handed

2. Far-fetched 6. Cinemagoing 10. Fireproof
3. Spine-chilling 7. Gift-wrapped 11. Self-financing
4. Mind-blowing 8. Well-meaning 12. Machine-readable

A84 Now listen and check your answers. Then say the compounds aloud. Which one is
an exception to the rules given in B and C opposite?

The exception is Armour-plated.

17. 2) Read the profile of Sarah Fox. Focus on the compound adjectives in bold (some
are given in B and C opposite) and circle the syllable you think will have main stress.
Remember some have stress shift.

High-flying surgeon introduces ground-breaking changes...

Sarah Fox is easy-going and is rarely She's always well-dressed at work. At

bad-tempered. She's very public- home, though, she prefers to wear
spirited and does a lot of time- loose-fitting shirts, often in eye-
consuming work for charity. She's quite catching colours.
good-looking. She has close-cropped Surprisingly, she's a rather introverted
hair and wears glasses because she's person, and sometimes gets a bit
short-sighted. She's a high-flying tongue-tied in public. And she's rather
surgeon, world-famous in her field, and camera-shy, too. Because of a long-
is extremely hard-working. She's term problem with her health, her diet
recently introduced some ground- has to be fat-free. At the moment she's
breaking changes into her hospital. taking a well-earned holiday in
Majorca.

Bad-tempered Close-cropped Eye-catching

High-flying Short-sighted Tongue-tied
Public-spirited Hard-working Camera-shy
World-famous Ground-breaking Long-term
Time-consuming Well-dressed Fat-free
Good-looking Loose-fitting Well-earned

Compounds that have stress shift are: Close-cropped, High-flying, Loose-fitting, Long-
term, and Well-earned.
A85 Now listen and check your answers. Finally, read the description aloud.

17. 3) Do you know the meaning of the abbreviations in column A? If not, check in a
dictionary or the Key.

A86 Then listen to the abbreviations and repeat them. Notice that the main stress is
always on the last letter. Finally, choose an appropriate abbreviation from each pair to
complete the sentence in column B.
A B
1. CEO (Chief Executive Officer) / DVD She's the company's ( )
(Digital Video Disc)
2. AOB (Any other business) / PC My laptop was advertised in a magazine
(Personal computer or politically called ( ) World.
correct)
3. OHP (Overhead protector) / NHS (the She works as a nurse for the ( )
National Health Service)
4. ATM (Automated teller machine) / RP There aren't many people here who speak
(Received Pronunciation)
5. AGM (Annual general meeting) / RSI The ( )'s cancelled.
(Repetitive strain injury)
6. TLC (tender loving care) / VAT She just needs a lot of rest and a bit of
(Value-added tax)
7. UFO (unidentified flying object) / We've followed all the ( ) guidelines.
WHO (World Health Organization)
8. EU (the European Union) / RSVP They're meeting at the ( ) summit in
(please reply) Brussels.
9. CV (Curriculum vitae) / ETA If there are no delays, what's your ( )?
(estimated time of arrival)
10. CD (compact disc) / IT (Information The software's on a ( ) -ROM
technology)
11. CND (Campaign for Nuclear He spends most weekends doing
Disarmament) / DIY (Do It Yourself)
12. GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) / HGV The eclipse is at 9 o'clock
(Heavy goods vehicle)

Abbreviations with stress shift are: PC, AGM, WHO, EU, and CD.

A87 Now listen and check your answers. Finally, say the sentences aloud. The Key
gives details of stress shift.

Follow up: Skim through an English newspaper (either a paper copy or online), and find
10 compound adjectives. Do you know where the main stress is in each of them? (Use a
dictionary to check.)

Unit 18

Exercises
 18. 1) You will hear 15 three-part compound nouns. Press 'pause' after each one and
write it in the correct column, according to whether the first, second or third part has the
main stress.

A91 main stress on the first part main stress on the second part main stress on the third
part.

Main stress on the first part Main stress on the second part Main stress on the third part
Pinball machine Left-luggage office First-time buyer
aircraft carrier headed notepaper downhill skiing
nail varnish remover car boot sale bullet-proof vest
payback period level playing field two-way mirror
cooling-off period right-hand drive
household name

Now check your answers in the Key and then say the compounds aloud.

18. 2) Choose a compound noun from each pair to complete the sentence. The
compound should have main stress on the first, second or third part, as indicated. (Some
of these are given in B, C and D opposite.)
EXAMPLE Don't forget to buy some washing-up liquid (stress on second part)
(Peanut butter / washing-up liquid)

1. She teaches in a ______ (third) (grant-maintained school / teacher-training college)

2. He lives in a/an ______ (second) (old-people's home / semi-detached house)
3. He spent some time working as a/an ______ (travelling salesman / air traffic
controller) (third)
4. As I was driving I had a problem with my ______ (rear-view mirror / windscreen
wipers) (first)
5 You'll recognise him easily. He's the one with the ______ (baseball cap / shoulder-
length hair) (first)

A92 Now listen and check your answers. Then say the sentences aloud.

18. 3) What do these pictures show? Choose words from the box to make three-part
compound nouns.
With one exception, they all have main stress on the third part. Which is the exception?

angled piece right three four decker

leaf proof clover triangle hot double
bottle bullet suit vest water bus
2. Bullet-proof vest.
3. Four-leaf clover.
4. Hot-water bottle.
5. Three-piece suit.
6. Right-angled triangle.

A93 Now listen and check your answers. Then say the compounds aloud.

Follow up: Look around your house and list all the things you can see that are three-
word com pounds.
These may be parts of your house or objects inside it. Do you know where the main
stress is placed in each?

Unit 19

Exercises

19. 1) Do you think each part in bold includes a one-stress (write 1) or two-stress (write
2) phrasal verb?

EXAMPLE The birds came quite close, but when I sneezed

I frightened them away. 2

1. She said she'd be early, but I wouldn't bank on it. ( 1 )

2. He gave us a lot of information that I couldn't take in. ( 2 )
3. I couldn't do question six, so I left it out. ( 2 )
4. Dan said he'd phone today, but I haven't heard from him. ( 1 )
5. If you're passing, why don't you stop by? ( 2 )
6. You look well. Living by the sea must agree with you. ( 1 )
7. There isn't anyone but you that I can confide in. (1 )
8. Having my own boat is something I've always dreamed about. ( 2 )

B6 Now listen and check your answers.

19. 2) Read each A part and say each B part aloud, thinking about how the phrasal verb
will be pronounced. All the phrasal verbs in the B parts are one-stress phrasal verbs, but
sometimes the particle is made prominent for special emphasis or contrast.
1. A: I suppose your parents are quite well off?
B: What are you driving at?
2. A: Why didn't you show your mother your new shoes?
B: I thought she'd disapprove of them.
3. A: So you think the damage results from climate change?
B: I said I think it will result in climate change.
4. A: Apparently, they are forecasting a really cold winter.
B: Yes, I read about it.
5. A: My pen friend's planning to visit.
B: Where does she come from?
6. A: All you've got to do is aim and fire.
B: But I don't know what to aim at.
7. A: There are so many mosquitoes around the tent!
B: Yes, it's teeming with them.

*Prominent syllables are underline.

B7 Now listen, check the pronunciation of the phrasal verbs and repeat the B parts.

19. 3) Do you think each part in bold includes a one-stress or two-stress phrasal verb?
Think about how each phrasal verb will be pronounced in these dialogues.

1. A: We must get together again soon.

B: Yes, when you're next in town, why don't you come by?
2. A: This cabbage doesn't look very good.
B: Well, at this time of year fresh vegetables are difficult to come by.
3. A: What happened to your hand?
B: I was stroking Susan's cat when it just turned on me.
4. A: Mr Simpson can be very charming, can't he?
B: Yes, he certainly knows how to turn it on.

*Prominent syllables are underline.

B8 Now listen and check your answers. Press 'pause' before each B part and read it
aloud. Then press 'play' again and compare your pronunciation with what follows.

Follow up: When you learn a new phrasal verb, it is helpful to note whether it is a one-
stress phrasal verb (if it has a preposition) or a two-stress phrasal verb (if it has an
adverb).

Unit 20

Exercises

20. 1) B12 Listen and underline the prominent syllable(s) in each part in bold. All the
phrasal verbs are two-stress phrasal verbs but sometimes the particle is non-prominent.

EXAMPLE I'm busy now. Can you call me back?

1. Have you handed your homework in yet?
2. The fire's on. Don't forget to turn it off before you go out.
3. At the stream I rolled my trousers up and paddled across.
4. We don't have much money, but I'm sure we'll get by.
5. My father and I didn't really get along.
6. My handwriting is terrible, as my teachers are always pointing out.
7. The painting suddenly fell off the wall.
8. If any letters come for me, can you send them on?

20. 2) B13 You will hear seven questions. After each question, press 'pause' and say one
of the responses in the box. (Think carefully about prominence in the phrasal verb.)
When you press 'play' again you will hear the correct answer. (Note that all the
responses include three-word phrasal verbs.)

If I can come up with the money.

No, but I don't know how I'm going to get out of it.
We'll come on to it next semester.
Well, first, we should do away with private schools.
No, she just walked off with it.
Yes, I think he's hoping to put in for a promotion.
I've only just sent away for them.

EXAMPLE
You hear Are we going to study ecology soon?
You reply We'll COME ON to it next semester.

20. 3) Complete each (a) part of these pairs of sentences using one of the phrasal verbs
in the box. (You may need to change the form of the verb.) Then form a compound
noun from each phrasal verb to complete each corresponding (b) part.

back up check in follow up get together

EXAMPLE a When he demanded my wallet I handed it over.

b United Nations troops supervised the handover.
1. a) I only had a small bag, but I still had to (a check it) it (in)
b) When you get to the airport go straight to the (check-in)
2. a) The whole family usually (a gets together) on our mother's birthday.
b) All the neighbours had a (get together) to celebrate the New Year.
3. a) The files are important, so make sure you (a back) them (up)
b) Before I shut down my computer I always make a (backup)

4. a) Her suggestion was interesting, so I decided to (a follow) it (up)

b) The first meeting on the subject was two years ago, and this one is a (follow-up)

B14 Now listen and check your answers. Then say the sentences aloud, making sure you
put prominence in the correct place in the words you have written.

Follow up: When you read about a topic that interests you, keep a note of compound
nouns from phrasal verbs and their related phrasal verbs. Make sure you know where
the main stress goes.