Z – Test

1. Books. A researcher wishes to found the average amount of money a person

spend on books each month. A sample of 60 person who brought the books

with the estimate mean of $25 and the standard deviation to be 8.8, find the

best point estimate of the population mean and the 90% confidence interval

of the population mean.

Given:

x́ = $13

0.90
z ∝/2 = = 1.645
2

z T = 1.645

s1 = 8.8

n = 60

s1 s1
x́ - z ∝/2 ( ) < μ < x́ + z ∝/2 ( )
√n √n

8.8 8.8
25 – 1.645 ( ) < μ < 25 + 1.645 ( )
√ 60 √ 60

23.13 < μ < 26.868

FINAL ANSWER: 23 < μ < 27

 T – Test

2. Phones. Fifteen randomly selected phones were measured the average length

and width of each phone was 4.5 inch and standard deviation of 1.2. Find the

99% confidence interval of the mean depth. Assume the variable is

approximately normally distributed.

Given:

n = 15

x́ = 4.5 inch

s1 = 1.2

t ∝/2 = d . f n−1 = 15 – 1 = 14

z T = 2.977

s1 s1
x́ - t ∝/2 ( ) < μ < x́ + t ∝/2 ( )
√n √n

1.2 1.2
4.5 – 2.977 ( ) < μ < 4.5 + 2.977 ( )
√ 15 √ 15

3.577 < μ < 5.4223

FINAL ANSWER: 3.6 < μ < 5.4

 Confidence Interval and Sample Size for Proportion

3. Smart TV. In a recent survey of 200 household appliances 68 had Smart TV.

Find the 90% confidence interval of ^p and q^ , where ^p is the proportion of

appliances that have Smart TV.

Given:

n = 200

x́ = 68

90
z ∝/2 = = 0.45 = 1.645
2

x 68
^p = = = 0.34
n 200

q^ = 1− ^p = 0.66

( ^p )( q^ ) ( ^p )( q^ )
^p - z ∝/2
√ n
) < p < ^p + z ∝/2
√ n
)

0.36 – 1.645
√ (0.34)(0.66)
200
< p < 0.36 + 1.645
√ (0.34)(0.66)
200

0.30489 < p < 0.4151

FINAL ANSWER: 0.305 < p < 0.415

 Confidence Interval for the Variances and Standard Deviation

4. Helium Content. Find the 90% confidence interval for the variance and

standard deviation of the helium content of a balloon manufactured if a

sample of 18 balloon has a standard deviation of 2.5 pressure.

Given:

1−0.90
x2 ¿ = = 0.05 = 27.587
2

x 2 ¿ = 1−¿ 0.05 = 0.95 = 8.675

d . f =n−1 = 18 – 1 = 17

(n−1) s 2 (n−1) s 2
√ x2 ¿
¿<σ <
2

√
x2 ¿
¿

(18−1)(2.5)2 (18−1)(2.5)2
√ 27.587
<σ <
2

√ 8.675

1.96 < σ < 3.50

FINAL ANSWER: 2.0 < σ < 3.5

 Z – Test for a Mean

5. Concert Ticket. A statistician reports that the average cost of a concert ticket

is more than $ 8900. A sample of 35 theater ticket has a expense of $ 12500.

At α =0.01 ,test the claim that the theater ticket is more than expensive with

the amount of $ 8900. The standard deviation of the population IS 3750. The

standard deviation of the population is 3750.

1. H O : μ ¿ $ 8900
H 1 : μ> $ 8900 (claim)

2. Since α =0.01 0.5 – 0.01 = 0.49

z tv = 2.325

x́−μ 12500−8900
3. z = σ = 3750 = 5.68
√ n √ 35

4. Make a Decision.
5. There is enough evidence to support the claim that the average price of

chocolate cakes is more than $ 3750.

 Z – Test for a Proportion

6. The president claims that at least 85% of the residents in his country have an
infrastructure. To test this claim, a researcher randomly selected a sample of
900 cities and find that 800 of them have infrastructure. At α =0.01, is there
enough evidence to reject the claim?

Solution:
1. H O : p=0.85 (claim)
H 1 : p ≠ 0.85

2. Since ¿ 0.01 ; two - tailed

0.01
2
= 0.05

C.V. = ± 2.575
^p − p
3. z = pq
√ n

p = 0.85
q = 1 – 0.85 = 0.15
x 800
^p= = =0.89
n 900
0.89 – 0.85
z= ( 0.85 ) (0.15) = 3.36
√ 900

4. Make a Decision.
Reject H O
5. There is enough
evidence to reject the
claim at least 85% of the
residents in his country
have an infrastructure.
 T – Test for a Mean

7. A researcher takes a random sample of 10 college professors were found to

have a mean monthly salary of ₱ 21,750 with the standard deviation of ₱

8,000. The treasurer of a certain university claims that the mean salary of

their college professors is ₱ 19, 375. Is there enough evidence to reject the

director’s claim at α =0.05 ?

1. H O : μ=₱ 19 ,375(claim)
H 1 : μ ≠ ₱ 19 , 375

2. Since α =0.05
d . f =¿10 - 1 = 9

z tv = ± 2.262

x́−μ 21,750 – 19,375

3. t = s = 8000 = 0.94
√n √ 10
4. Make a Decision.
Do not reject H O
5. There is enough evidence to support the claim that the salary of their college

professor is ₱ 19,375.

X2 Tests for a Variance or Standard Deviation

8. Number of Male Students. The professor wishes to see the variation of

gender of the students in her class is less than the variation of the population.

The variance of the class is 123. Is there enough evidence to support the

claim that the variation of the male students is less than the population

variance ¿ ¿ = 158) at α =0.05? Assume that the male students are normally

distributed.

1. H O :σ 2 ≥ 158
H 1 : σ 2 <158 (claim)

2. Since α =0.05
d . f =¿20 - 1 = 19

c . v . = 10.117

( n−1 ) s 2 (20 – 1)123

3. x́ 2= = = 14.79
σ2 158

4. Make a Decision.

Do not reject H O
5. There is not enough evidence to support the claim that the variance of the
male is less than the variance of the population.

Difference between Two Means (MIDTERMS)

9. Cable Television Companies. A Survey found that the average in New York
is $ 92.31, and the average rate in California is $ 89.45. Assume that the data
were obtained from the two samples of 50 companies each and the standard
deviations were $ 6.81 and $ 5.63, respectively. At α =0.05, can it be
concluded that there is a significant difference in the rates?

x́ 1=$ 92.31 x́ 2=$ 89.45

s1=$ 6.81 s2=$ 5.63
n1 =50 n2 =50

Steps:
1. H O : μ1=μ2 H 1 : μ 1 ≠ μ 2(claim)

2. Since α =0.05
0.05
=0.025
2

0.5 – 0.025 = 0.475 z tv = ± 1.96

( x́ 1−x́2 ) −(μ 1−μ2) ( 92.31−89.45 ) −(0)

3. z = s12 s 22 = (6.81)2 (5.63)2 = 2.29
√ +
n1 n2 √ 50
+
50

4. Make a Decision. Reject H O

 5. There is enough evidence to support the claim that there is a significant
difference in the rates.

Testing Difference between Two Means / Small Sample

10. Resort Room Cost. A survey found that the average resort room rate in New
York is $ 99.99 and the average room rate in Florida is $ 89.99. Assume that
the data were obtained from two samples of 35 hotels each and that the
standard deviation was $ 7.89 and $ 6.78. At α = 0.05, can it be concluded that
there is a significant difference in the rates.

1. H O :σ 1=σ 2
H 1 : σ 1 ≠ σ 2(claim)

2. Since α =0.05
0.05
=0.025
2
c . v . = ± 1.96

3. Compute for the Test Value

( x́ 1−x́ 2 )−(μ 1−μ2 ) ( $ 99.99−$ 89.99 )−(0)
z= =
s21 s 22 7.892 6.782 ¿ 5.687
√ +
n1 n2 √ 35
+
35

4. Make a Decision. Reject H O

5. There is enough evidence to support the claim there is a significant difference in
the rates of New York and Florida.
Testing Difference between Two Means / Large Sample
1. Length of Road in UAE. A researcher wishes to see if the average length of
road in UAE is the same as the average road in Europe. The data (in miles)
of a sample of railways are shown. At α = 0.01, is there enough evidence to
reject the claim.

CHINA EUROPE
120 65 113 11
232 44 108 22
341 54 912 44
451 32 234 55
562 43 544 32
673 22 325 64
784 11 675 12
894 21 783 41
904 31 543 21
09 41 78 51
87 51 98 65
76 67 99 54
65 64 86 46
45 95 54 69
34 76 12
43 87 21
32 76 31
12 65 41

Given:
x́ 1 = ??? x́ 2= ???
 s1 = ?? s2 = ??

n1= 36 n2 = 32

1. H O : μ1=μ2 ( claim)
H 1: μ1≠ μ2

2. Since α =0.01 ; two−tailed

0.01
=0.005
2
c . v . = ± 2.575

3. Compute for the Test Value

( x́ 1−x́ 2 )−(μ 1−μ2 ) ( ? ?−? ? ) −(0)
z= = =¿
s21 s 22 ? ?2 ? ?2
√ +
n1 n2 √ +
36 32

4. Make a Decision. Reject H O????

5. There is enough evidence to support the claim there is a significant difference in
the rates of New Jersey and California. ?????
 Testing the Difference between Two Variances

11. Heart Rate. A medical researcher wishes to see whether the variance of the
heart rates (beats per minute) of person who engage in physical activities is
difference from the variances of heart rates of people who is inactive when
it comes to physical activities. Two samples are selected and the data are
shown. At α = .10. Is there enough evidence to support the claim?

Engage in Physical Activities

Steps: Inactive in Physical Activities
n1 = 25 n2 = 20
1.
s21 = 38 s22 = 13
H O : μ1=μ2

H 1 : μ 1 ≠ μ 2(claim)

2. Since α =0.01
0.01
=0.005
2
d . f N=n−1 = 25 – 1 = 24

d . f D=n−1 = 20 – 1 = 19

c . v . = 2.11

3. Compute for the Test Value

s 21 38
F= 2 = =2.92
s 2 13

4. Make a Decision.
Do not reject H O
5. There is not enough evidence
to support the claim that the heart rates (beats per minute) of person who
engage in physical activities are difference from the variances of heart rates of
people who is inactive when it comes to physical activities.
Testing the Difference between Two Means / Dependent Samples
Vitamins for Increased Strength. A physical education director claim by
taking a special vitamin weight lifter can increase his strength. 5 athletes are
selected and given test of strength using standard bench press. After two
weeks of regular training, supplemented with the vitamin, they are tested
again. Test the effectiveness of the vitamin regimen at α = 0.05 each value in
the data represents the maximum number of pounds the athlete can bench
press. Assume that the variable is approximately normally distributed.
Athlete 1 2 3 4 5
Before 280 190 230 185 220
After 289 209 243 199 237
1. H 0 :μ D ≥ 0 (claim)
H 1: μD< 0
2. Since alpha α =.05
d.f. = n – 1 = 5 – 1 = 4
C.V. = -2.132
3. x1 x2 x1 – x2 (x1 – x2)2
286 290 -4 16
202 209 -7 49
280 272 8 64
297 294 3 9
299 305 -6 36
∑ D=−6 ∑ D=174

D́=
∑ D = −6 =−1.200 SD=√ ∑ D 2−¿ ¿ ¿ ¿ ¿
n 5
D́−M . D . −1.200
t= = =−0.399
SD/ √ n 6.731/ √ 5

4. Make Decision
Do not reject H0
5. There is not enough evidence to reject the claim that taking a special
vitamin weight lifter can increase his strength after two weeks.

Testing the Difference between Two Proportion

12. In a sample of 255 surgeons, 15% thought the government should control
health care. In a sample of 195 general practitioners, 21% felt the same way.
At α =0.0 1, is there a difference in the proportions?
 Anova (FINALS)

13.The engineering students are having their P.E Class, the professors wishes to
know which year have a higher members of healthy people from 1 st year to 3rd
year; they are required to measure their weight. At α =0.05, test the claim that
there is no difference among the means.
1ST YEAR 2ND YEAR 3RD YEAR
72 85 90
70 98 75
60 78 80
73 76 90
85 82 78

Steps:
1. H O : μ1=μ2 ¿ μ3 (claim)
H 1 : At least one mean is different from the others

2. Since k = 3 ; N = 15
α =0.05

C.V = 3.89
d . f N=k−1 = 3 – 1 = 2

d . f D=N −k = 15 – 3 = 12

3.
a. Find the mean and variance of each sample.
x́ 1= 72 x́ 2= 83.80 x́ 3= 82.60
s = 79.50 s = 75.20 s23 = 48.80
2 2
1 2

b. Find the grand mean.

x́ GM =
∑ x = 1192.00 = 79.47
N 15
 c. Find the between-group variance, denoted by s2B
SS B
s2B = =MS B
K−1
2
SSB =∑ n (x́i −x́GM )

SSB =5(72−79.47)2+5( 83.80−79.47)2 +5(82.60−79.47)2

SSB =421.73

421.73
s2B= =210.87
3−1

d. Find the within-group variance, denoted by s2w

SS W
s2W = =MS W
ni

Where;
ss w = ∑ (ni −1¿ ) ¿ s21

ss w =( 5−1 ) ( 79.50 ) + ( 5−1 ) ( 75.20 ) +(5−1)(48.80)=814.00

814.00
s2W =
( 5−1 ) + ( 5−1 ) + ( 5−1 )

s2W =67.83

e. Find the t – test

s 2B MS B
F= or F=
s 2w MSW

210.87
F= =3.11
67.83

4. Make a Decision.
The decision is to not reject the null
hypothesis, since 3.11 < 3.89
Do not reject H O
5. There is enough evidence to support the claim and that conclude that all mean
are equal.