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14 FACTORISATION
Exercise 14.1
Q.1. Find the common factors of the given terms.

(i) 12x, 36 (ii) 2y, 22xy
2 2
(iii) 14pq, 28p q (iv) 2x, 3x2, 4
(v) 6abc, 24ab2, 12a2b (vi) 16x3, – 4x2, 32x
(vii) 10pq, 20qr, 30rp (viii) 3x2 y3, 10x3 y2, 6x2 y2z
Ans. (i) 12x = 2 × 2 × 3 × x
36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
Hence, common factors = 2 × 2 × 3 = 12
(ii) 2y = 2 × y
22xy = 2 × 11 × x × y
Hence, common factors = 2 × y = 2y
(iii) 14pq = 2 × 7 × p × q
28p2q2 = 2 × 2 × 7 × p × p × q × q
Hence, common factor = 2 × 7 × p × q = 14pq
(iv) 2x = 2 × x
3x2 = 3 × x × x
4 = 2×2
Hence, common factor = 1
(v) 6abc = 2 × 3 × a × b × c
24ab2 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × a × b × b
12a2b = 2 × 2 × 3 × a × b × a
Hence, common factors = 2 × 3 × a × b = 6ab
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(vi) 16x3 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × x × x × x
– 4x2 = (–2) × 2 × x × x
32x = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × x
Hence, common factors = 2 × 2 × x
= 4x
(vii) 10pq = 2 × 5 × p × q
20qr = 2 × 2 × 5 × q × r
30rp = 2 × 3 × 5 × r × p
Hence, common factors = 2 × 5
= 10
(viii) 3x2y3 = 3 × x × x × y × y × y
10x3y2 = 2 × 5 × x × x × x × y × y
6x2y2z = 2 × 3 × x × x × y × y × z
Hence, common factors = x × x × y × y
= x2y2
Q.2. Factorise the following expressions.
(i) 7x, – 42 (ii) 6p – 12q
2
(iii) 7a + 14a (iv) –16z + 20z3
(v) 20l2m + 30alm (vi) 5x2y – 15xy2
(vii) 10a2 – 15b2 + 20c2 (viii) – 4a2 + 4ab – 4ca
(ix) x2yz + xy2z + xyz2 (x) ax2y + bxy2 + cxyz
Ans. (i) 7x – 42 = 7( x – 6)
(ii) 6p – 12q = 6( p – 2q)
(iii) 7a2 + 14a = 7a(a + 2)
(iv) –16z + 20z3 = 4z(– 4 + 5z2)
(v) 20l2m + 30alm = 10lm(2l + 3a)
(vi) 5x2y – 15xy2 = 5xy(x – 3y)
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(vii) 10a2 – 15b2 + 20c2 = 5(2a2 – 3b2 + 4c2)

(viii) – 4a2 + 4ab – 4ca = 4a(– a + b – c)
(ix) x2yz + xy2z + xyz2 = xyz(x + y + z)
(x) ax2y + bxy2 + cxyz = xy(ax + by + cz)
Q.3. Factorise.
(i) x2 + xy + 8x + 8y (ii) 15xy – 6x + 5y – 2
(iii) ax + bx – ay – by (iv) 15pq + 15 + 9q + 25p
(v) z – 7 + 7xy – xyz
Ans. (i) x2 + xy + 8x + 8y = x2 + 8x + xy + 8y
= x(x + 8) + y(x + 8)
= (x + y) (x + 8)
(ii) 15xy – 6x + 5y – 2 = 15xy + 5y – 6x – 2
= 5y(3x + 1) – 2(3x + 1)
= (5y – 2) (3x + 1)
(iii) ax + bx – ay – by = ax – ay + bx – by
= a(x – y) + b(x – y)
= (x – y) (a + b)
(iv) 15pq + 15 + 9q + 25p = 15pq + 25p + 15 + 9q
= 5p(3q + 5) + 3(5 + 3q)
= (3q + 5) (5p + 3)
(v) z – 7 + 7xy – xyz = 1(z – 7) – xy(z – 7)
= (z – 7) (1 – xy)
Exercise 14.2

(i) a2 + 8a + 16 (ii) p2 – 10p + 25
(iii) 25m2 + 30m + 9 (iv) 49y2 + 84yz + 36z2
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(v) 4x2 – 8x + 4 (vi) 121b2 – 88bc + 16c2

(vii) (l + m)2 – 4lm (Hint: Expand (l + m)2 first)
(viii) a4 + 2a2b2 + b4
Ans. (i) a2 + 8a + 16 = a2 + (4 + 4) a + 16
= a2 + 4a + 4a + 16
= a(a + 4) + 4 (a + 4)
= (a + 4) (a + 4)
= (a + 4)2
(ii) p2 – 10p + 25 = p2 + (–5 – 5)p + 25
= p2 – 5p – 5p + 25
= p(p – 5) –5 (p – 5)
= (p – 5) (p – 5)
= (p – 5)2
(iii) 25m2 + 30m + 9 = 25m2 + 15m + 15m + 9
= 5m(5m + 3) + 3(5m + 3)
= (5m + 3) (5m + 3)
= (5m + 3)2
(iv) 49y2 + 84yz + 36z2 = 49y2 + (42 + 42)yz + 36z2
= 49y2 + 42yz + 42yz + 36z2
= 7y(7y + 6z) + 6z(7y + 6z)
= (7y + 6z) (7y + 6z)
= (7y + 6z)2
(v) 4x2 – 8x + 4 = 4x2 – 4x – 4x + 4
= 4x(x – 1) – 4(x – 1)
= (x – 1) (4x – 4)
= 4(x – 1) (x – 1)
= 4(x – 1)2
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(vi) 121b2 – 88bc + 16c2 = 121b2 – (44 + 44) bc + 16c2

= 121b2 – 44bc – 44bc + 16c2
= 11b(11b – 4c) – 4c(11b – 4c)
= (11b – 4c) (11b – 4c)
= (11b – 4c)2
(vii) (l + m)2 – 4lm = l2 + m2 + 2lm – 4lm
= l2 + m2 – 2lm
= (l – m)2
(viii) a4 + 2a2b2 + b4 = a4 + (1 + 1) a2b2 + b4
= a4 + a2b2 + a2b2 + b4
= a2(a2 + b2) + b2(a2 + b2)
= (a2 + b2) (a2 + b2)
= (a2 + b2)2
Q.2. Factorise.
(i) 4p2 – 9q2 (ii) 63a2 – 112b2
(iii) 49x2 – 36 (iv) 16x5 – 144x3
(v) (l + m)2 – (l – m)2 (vi) 9x2y2 – 16
(vii) (x2 – 2xy + y2) – z2 (viii) 25a2 – 4b2 + 28bc – 49c2
Ans. (i) 4p2 – 9q2 = (2p)2 – (3q)2 ⎡⎣ a 2 – b 2 = (a + b) (a – b) ⎤⎦
= (2p + 3q) (2p – 3q)
(ii) 63a2 – 112b2 = 7(9a2 – 16b2)
= 7[(3a)2 – (4b)2]
= 7[(3a + 4b) (3a – 4b)]
= 7(3a + 4b) (3a – 4b)
(iii) 49x2 – 36 = (7x)2 – (6)2
= (7x + 6) (7x – 6)
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(iv) 16x5 – 144x3 = 16x3(x2 – 9)

= 16x3(x – 3) (x + 3)
(v) (l + m)2 – (l – m)2 = [{(l + m) + (l – m)} ⎡ a − b = ⎤
2 2
⎢ ⎥
{(l + m) – (l – m)}] ⎢ (a + b) (a – b) ⎥
= [{l + m + l – m} ⎢ where a = l + m ⎥
{l + m – l + m}] ⎢ ⎥
⎣ b = l – m , ⎦
= 2l × 2m
= 4lm
(vi) 9x2y2 – 16 = (3xy)2 – (4)2 [a = 3xy, b = 4]
= (3xy + 4) (3xy – 4)
(vii)(x2 – 2xy + y2) – z2 = (x – y)2 – z2 ⎡ where a = x – y ⎤
⎢ ⎥
= (x – y + z) (x – y – z) ⎣ b=z ⎦
(viii) 25a2 – 4b2 + 28bc – 49c2
= (5a)2 – [4b2 – 28bc + 49c2]
= (5a)2 – [2b – 7c]2
Using a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b) Where a = 5a, b = 2b – 7c
= [(5a + 2b – 7c) (5a – 2b + 7c)
Q.3. Factorise the expressions.
(i) ax2 + bx (ii) 7p2 + 21q2
(iii) 2x3 + 2xy2 + 2xz2 (iv) am2 + bm2 + bn2 + an2
(v) (lm + l) + m + 1 (vi) y(y + z) + 9 (y + z)
(vii) 5y2 – 20y – 8z + 2yz (viii) 10ab + 4a + 5b + 2
(ix) 6xy – 4y + 6 – 9x
Ans. (i) ax2 + bx = x(ax + b)
(ii) 7p2 + 21q2 = 7(p2 + 3q2)
(iii) 2x3 + 2xy2 + 2xz2 = 2x(x2 + y2 + z2)
(iv) am2 + bm2 + bn2 + an2 = m2(a + b) + n2 (a + b)
= m2(a + b) + n2 (a + b)
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= (a + b) (m2 + n2)
(v) (lm + l) + m + 1 = l(m + 1) + 1 (m + 1)
= (m + 1) (l + 1)
(vi) y(y + z) + 9 (y + z) = (y + z) (y + 9)
(vii) 5y2 – 20y – 8z + 2yz = 5y2 – 20y + 2yz – 8z
= 5y (y – 4) + 2z (y – 4)
= (y – 4) (5y + 2z)
(viii) 10ab + 4a + 5b + 2 = 2a(5b + 2) + 1(5b + 2)
= (5b + 2) (2a + 1)
(ix) 6xy – 4y + 6 – 9x = 6xy – 4y – 9x + 6
= 2y(3x – 2) – 3(3x – 2)
= (3x – 2) (2y – 3)
Q.4. Factorise.
(i) a4 – b4 (ii) p4 – 81 (iii) x4 – (y + z)4
4 4
(iv) x – (x – z) (v) a4 – 2a2b2 + b4
Ans. (i) a4 – b4 = (a2)2 – (b2)2
= (a2 – b2) (a2 + b2)
= (a – b) (a + b) (a2 + b2)
(ii) p4 – 81 = (p2)2 – (9)2
= (p2 – 9) (p2 + 9)
= (p – 3) (p + 3) (p2 + 9)
(iii) x4 – (y + z)4 = (x2)2 – [(y + z)2]2
= [x2 + (y + z)2] [x2 – (y + z)2]
= (x + y + z) (x – y – z)
[x2 + (y + z)]2
(iv) x4 – (x – z)4 = (x2)2 – [(x – z)2]2
= [x2 + (x – z)2] [x2 – (x – z)2]
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= (x2 + x2 – 2xz + z2)

(x – x + z) (x + x – z)
= (2x2 + z2 – 2xz) z(2x – z)
= [z(2x – z) (2x2 + z2 – 2xz)]
(v) a4 – 2a2b2 + b4 = (a2)2 – 2a2b2 + (b2)2
= (a2 – b2)2
= (a2 – b2) (a2 – b2)
= (a + b) (a – b) (a2 – b2)
= (a + b) (a – b) (a + b) (a – b)
= (a + b)2 (a – b)2
(i) p2 + 6p + 8 (ii) q2 – 10q + 21 (iii) p2 + 6p – 16
Ans. (i) p2 + 6p + 8 = p2 + 4p + 2p + 8
= p(p + 4) + 2 (p + 4)
= (p + 2) (p + 4)
(ii) q2 – 10q + 21 = q2 – 7q – 3q + 21
= q(q – 7) – 3 (q – 7)
= (q – 7) (q – 3)
(iii) p2 + 6p – 16 = p2 + 8p – 2p – 16
= p(p + 8) – 2 (p + 8) = (p + 8) (p – 2)
Exercise 14.3
Q.1. Carry out the following divisions.

(i) 28x4 ÷ 56x (ii) –36y3 ÷ 9y2
(iii) 66pq2r3 ÷ 11qr2 (iv) 34x3y3z3 ÷ 51xy2z3
(v) 12a8b8 ÷ (–6a6b4)
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4 28 x 4 1 1
Ans. (i) 28x ÷ 56x = = x4 – 1 = x3
56 x 2 2
3 –36 y 32 3–2
(ii) –36y ÷ 9y = = – 4y = – 4y
9 y2
2 2 66 pq 2 r 3
2
(iii) 66pq r ÷ 11qr =
11qr 2
= 6pq2r3 × q–1r–2 = 6pqr
3 3 3 34 x 3 y 3 z 3
2 3
(iv) 34x y z ÷ 51xy z =
51xy 2 z 3
2 3−1 3− 2 3−3
= x y z
3
2
= x2 y
3
8 8 12a8b8
6 4
(v) 12a b ÷ (–6a b ) =
– 6a 6 b 4
= – 2a8 – 6b8 – 4 = – 2a2b4
Q.2. Divide the given polynomial by the given monomial.
(i) (5x2 – 6x) ÷ 3x
(ii) (3y8 – 4y6 + 5y4) ÷ y4
(iii) 8(x3y2z2 + x2y3z2 + x2y2z3) ÷ 4x2y2z2
(iv) (x3 + 2x2 + 3x) ÷ 2x
(v) (p3q6 – p6q3) ÷ p3q3
2 5 x 2 – 6x
Ans. (i) (5x – 6x) ÷ 3x =
3x
x (5x – 6)
=
3x
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=
(5x – 6)
3
y 4 ( 3 y 4 – 4y 2 +5 )
(ii) (3y8 – 4y6 + 5y4) ÷ y4 =
y4
= (3y4 – 4y2 + 5)
(iii) 8(x3y2z2 + x2y3z2 + x2y2z3) ÷ 4x2y2z2
8x2 y 2 z 2 ( x + y + z )
=
4x 2 y 2 z 2
= 2(x + y + z)
x ( x 2 + 2x + 3)
(iv) (x3 + 2x2 + 3x) ÷ 2x =
2x
x 2 + 2x + 3
=
2
3 6 6 3 3 3p3q 6 – p 6 q3
(v) (p q – p q ) ÷ p q =
p3q3
p3q3 ( q3 – p3 )
=
p3q3
= (q3 – p3)
Q.3. Work out the following divisions.
(i) (10x – 25) ÷ 5
(ii) (10x – 25) ÷ (2x – 5)
(iii) 10y(6y + 21) ÷ 5(2y + 7)
(iv) 9x2y2(3z – 24) ÷ 27xy(z – 8)
(v) 96abc(3a – 12) (5b – 30) ÷ 144(a – 4) (b – 6)
10 x – 25
Ans. (i) (10x – 25) ÷ 5 =
5
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5 ( 2 x – 5)
=
5
= 2x – 5
(10 x – 25)
(ii) (10x – 25) ÷ (2x – 5) =
( 2 x – 5)
5 ( 2 x – 5)
=
( 2 x – 5)
= 5
(iii) 10y(6y + 21) ÷ 5(2y + 7)
10 y ( 6 y + 21)
=
5( 2 y + 7)
10 y × 3 ( 2y +7 )
=
5 ( 2y + 7 )
30 y × ( 2y + 7 )
=
5 × ( 2y + 7 )
= 6y
(iv) 9x2y2(3z – 24) ÷ 27xy(z – 8)
9 x 2 y 2 ( 3 z – 24 )
=
27xy ( z – 8 )
9 × 3x 2 y 2 ( z – 8 )
= = xy
27xy ( z – 8 )
(v) 96abc(3a – 12) (5b – 30) ÷ 144(a – 4) (b – 6)
96abc ( 3a – 12 ) ( 5b – 30 )
=
144 ( a – 4 ) ( b – 6 )
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96 × 3abc ( a – 4 ) ( 5b – 30 )
=
16 × 9 × ( a – 4 ) ( b – 6 )
2 × 5 ( b – 6 ) abc
=
(b – 6)
= 10abc
Q.4. Divide as directed.
(i) 5(2x + 1) (3x + 5) ÷ (2x + 1)
(ii) 26xy(x + 5) (y – 4) ÷ 13x(y – 4)
(iii) 52pqr(p + q) (q + r) (r + p) ÷ 104pq(q + r) (r + p)
(iv) 20(y + 4) (y2 + 5y + 3) ÷ 5(y + 4)
(v) x(x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3) ÷ x(x + 1)
Ans. (i) 5(2x + 1) (3x + 5) ÷ (2x + 1)
5 ( 2 x + 1) ( 3x + 5 )
=
( 2 x + 1)
= 5(3x + 5)
(ii) 26xy(x + 5) (y – 4) ÷ 13x(y – 4)
26xy ( x + 5 ) ( y – 4 )
=
13x ( y – 4 )
= 2y(x + 5)
(iii) 52pqr(p + q) (q + r) (r + p) ÷ 104pq(q + r) (r + p)
52pqr ( p + q ) ( q + r ) ( r + p )
=
104 pq ( q + r ) ( r + p )
1
= r ( p + q)
2
(iv) 20(y + 4) (y2 + 5y + 3) ÷ 5(y + 4)
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20 ( y + 4 ) ( y 2 + 5y + 3)
=
5( y + 4)
= 4(y2 + 5y + 3)
(v) x(x + 1) (x + 2) (x + 3) ÷ x(x + 1)
x ( x + 1) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3)
=
x ( x + 1)
= (x + 2) (x + 3)
Q.5. Factorise the expressions and divide them as directed.
(i) (y2 + 7y + 10) ÷ (y + 5)
(ii) (m2 – 14m – 32) ÷ (m + 2)
(iii) (5p2 – 25p + 20) ÷ (p – 1)
(iv) 4yz(z2 + 6z – 16) ÷ 2y(z + 8)
(v) 5pq(p2 – q2) ÷ 2p(p + q)
(vi) 12xy(9x2 – 16y2) ÷ 4xy(3x + 4y)
(vii) 39y3(50y2 – 98) ÷ 26y2(5y + 7)
Ans. (i) (y2 + 7y + 10) ÷ (y + 5)
= {y2 + (5 + 2)y + 10} ÷ (y + 5)
= {y2 + 5y + 2y + 10)} ÷ (y + 5)
= {y(y + 5) + 2(y + 5)} ÷ (y + 5)
= (y + 5) (y + 2) ÷ (y + 5)
= (y + 2)
(ii) (m2 – 14m – 32) ÷ (m + 2)
= {(m2 – 16m + 2m – 32)} ÷ (m + 2)
= m(m – 16) + 2(m – 16) ÷ (m + 2)
= (m + 2) (m – 16) ÷ (m + 2)
= (m – 16)
(iii) (5p2 – 25p + 20) ÷ (p – 1)
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= (5p2 – 20p – 5p + 20) ÷ (p – 1)

= (5p2 – 5p – 20p + 20) ÷ (p – 1)
= {5p(p – 1) – 20(p – 1)} ÷ (p – 1)
= {(p – 1) (5p – 20)} ÷ (p – 1)
= {5(p – 1) (p – 4)} ÷ (p – 1)
5 (p – 1) (p – 4)
=
(p – 1)
= 5(p – 4)
(iv) 4yz(z2 + 6z – 16) ÷ 2y(z + 8)
= 4yz(z2 + 8z – 2z – 16) ÷ 2y(z + 8)
= 4yz{z(z + 8) – 2(z + 8)} ÷ 2y(z + 8)
= 4yz{z + 8) (z – 2)} ÷ 2y(z + 8)
4yz {( z + 8 ) ( z – 2 )}
=
2y (z + 8)
= 2z(z – 2)
(v) 5pq(p2 – q2) ÷ 2p(p + q)
5 pq ( p + q ) ( p – q )
=
2p ( p + q )
5
= q( p – q)
2
(vi) 12xy(9x2 – 16y2) ÷ 4xy(3x + 4y)
= 12xy(3x + 4y) (3x – 4y)
÷ 4xy(3x + 4y)
12 xy ( 3x + 4y ) ( 3x – 4y )
=
4 xy ( 3x + 4y )
= 3(3x – 4y)
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(vii) 39y3(50y2 – 98) ÷ 26y2(5y + 7)

= 39y3(50y2 – 98) ÷ 26y2(5y + 7)
= 39y3 × 2(25y2 – 49) ÷ 26y2(5y + 7)
= 78y3(5y + 7)(5y – 7) ÷ 26y2(5y + 7)
= 3y(5y – 7)
Exercise 14.4
Find and correct the errors in the following

mathematical statements.
1. 4(x – 5) = 4x – 5 2. x(3x + 2) = 3x2 + 2
3. 2x + 3y = 5xy 4. x + 2x + 3x = 5x
5. 5y + 2y + y – 7y = 0 6. 3x + 2x = 5x2
7. (2x)2 + 4(2x) + 7 = 2x2 + 8x + 7
8. (2x)2 + 5x = 4x + 5x = 9x
9. (3x + 2)2 = 3x2 + 6x + 4
10. Substituting x = –3 in
(a) x2 + 5x + 4 gives (–3)2 + 5(–3) + 4 = 9 + 2 + 4 = 15
(b) x2 – 5x + 4 gives (–3)2 – 5(–3) + 4 = 9 – 15 + 4 = –2
(c) x2 + 5x gives (–3)2 + 5(–3) = –9 – 15 = –24
11. (y – 3)2 = y2 – 9
12. (z + 5)2 = z2 + 25
13. (2a + 3b) (a – b) = 2a2 – 3b2
14. (a + 4) (a + 2) = a2 + 8
2 3x2
15. (a – 4) (a – 2) = a – 8 16. =0
3x2
3 x2 + 1 3x 1
17. = 1 + 1 = 2 18. =
3x2 3x + 2 2
3 1 4x + 5
19. = 20. =5
4x + 3 4x 4x
7x + 5
21. = 7x
5
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Ans. 1. 4(x – 5) = 4x – 4 × 5
= 4x – 20
But 4x – 5 ≠ 4x – 20
So, error is in R.H.S and correct answer is 4x – 20
2. x(3x + 2) = 3x2 + 2x
But 3x2 + 2 ≠ 3x2 + 2x
So, error is in R.H.S and correct answer is
x(3x + 2) = 3x2 + 2x
3. 2x + 3y ≠ 5xy
So, error is in R.H.S and correct answer is 2x + 3y
= 2x + 3y
4. x + 2x + 3x = 6x
But 5x ≠ 6x
So, error is in R.H.S and correct answer is x + 2x + 3x = 6x
5. 5y + 2y + y – 7y = y
But 0 ≠ y
So, error is in R.H.S and correct answer is
5y + 2y + y – 7y = y
6. 3x + 2x = 5x
also, 5x2 ≠ 5x
So, error is in R.H.S and correct answer is 3x + 2x = 5x
7. (2x)2 + 4(2x) + 7 = 4x2 + 8x + 7
But, 2x2 + 8x + 7 ≠ 4x2 + 8x + 7
So, error is in R.H.S and correct answer is (2x)2 + 4(2x) + 7
= 4x2 + 8x + 7
8. (2x)2 + 5x = 4x2 + 5x
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But, 4x + 5x = 9x ≠ 4x2 + 5x
So, error is in R.H.S and correct answer is (2x)2 + 5x
= 4x2 + 5x
9. (3x + 2)2 = (3x)2 + 12x + 4
= 9x2 + 12x + 4
But, 3x2 + 6x + 4 ≠ 9x2 + 12x + 4
So, error is in R.H.S and correct answer is (3x + 2)2
= 9x2 + 12x + 4
10. If x = – 3 (a) x2 + 5x + 4 gives (–3)2 + 5(–3) + 4
L.H.S = 9 + 2 + 4 = 15
x2 + 5x + 4 (Put x = –3)
= (–3)2 + 5 × (–3) + 4
= 9 + (–15) + 4
= 13 – 15 = –2
Hence, correct answer is x2 + 5x + 4 = –2
(b) x2 – 5x + 4 gives (–3)2 –5(–3) + 4
L.H.S = 9 – 15 + 4 = –2
x2 – 5x + 4 (put x = –3)
= (–3)2 – 5(–3) + 4
= 9 + 15 + 4 = 28
Hence, correct answer is x2 – 5x + 4 = 28
(c) x2 + 5x gives (–3)2 + 5(–3)
L.H.S = –9 + (–15)
= –9 – 15 = –24
x2 + 5x (put x = –3)
= (–3)2 + 5(–3)
©
©
= 9 – 15
= –6
Hence, correct answer is x2 + 5x = –6
11. (y – 3)2 = y2 – 9
L.H.S = (y – 3)2 ⎡∵ ( a – b ) = a 2 – 2ab + b 2 ⎤
2
2
⎣ 2
⎦
= y – 2 × y × 3 + (3)
= y2 – 6y + 9 ≠ RHS = y2 – 9
Hence, correct answer is (y – 3)2 = y2 – 6y + 9
12. (z + 5)2 = z2 + 25
L.H.S = (z2 + 5)2
= (z)2 + 2 × z × 5 + (5)2
= z2 + 10z + 25
Hence, correct answer is (z + 5)2 = z2 + 10z + 25
13. (2a + 3b) (a – b) = 2a2 – 3b2
L.H.S = (2a + 3b) (a – b)
= 2a2 – 2ab + 3ab – 3b2
= 2a2 + ab – 3b2
Hence, correct answer is (2a + 3b) (a – b)
= 2a2 + ab – 3b2
14. (a + 4) (a + 2) = a2 + 8
L.H.S = (a + 4) (a + 2)
= a2 + 2a + 4a + 8
= a2 + 6a + 8
Hence, correct answer is (a + 4) (a + 2) = a2 + 6a + 8
15. (a – 4) (a – 2) = a2 + 8
L.H.S = (a – 4) (a – 2)
= a2 – 2a – 4a + 8
©
©
= a2 – 6a + 8
Hence, correct answer is (a – 4) (a – 2) = a2 – 6a + 8
3x 2
16. 2
= 0
3x
3x 2
L.H.S = 2
=1≠0
3x
3x 2
Hence, correct answer is 2 = 1
3x
3x 2 + 1
17. 2
= 1+1=2
3x
3x 2 + 1 3x 2 1
L.H.S = = +
3x 2 3x 2 3x 2
1
= 1+ 2 ≠2
3x
3x 2 + 1 1
Hence, correct answer is = 1 +
3x 2 3x 2
3x 1
18. =
3x + 2 2
3x 1
L.H.S = ≠
3x + 2 2
3x 3x
Hence, correct answer is =
3x + 2 3x + 2
3 1
19. =
4x + 3 4x
3 3
Hence, correct answer is =
4x + 3 4x + 3
©
©
4x + 5
20. = 5
4x
4x + 5 4x 5
L.H.S = = +
4x 4x 4x
5
= 1+
4x
4x + 5 5
Hence, correct answer is =1+
4x 4x
7x + 5
21. = 7x
5
7x + 5 7x 5
L.H.S = = +
5 5 5
7x
= +1
5
7x + 5 7x
Hence, correct answer is = +1
5 5
©

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CBSEPracticalSkills.com Edulabz International

Q.1. Find the common factors of the given terms.

(vii) 10a2 – 15b2 + 20c2 = 5(2a2 – 3b2 + 4c2)

Q.1. Factorise the following expressions.

(v) 4x2 – 8x + 4 (vi) 121b2 – 88bc + 16c2

(vi) 121b2 – 88bc + 16c2 = 121b2 – (44 + 44) bc + 16c2

(iv) 16x5 – 144x3 = 16x3(x2 – 9)

= (x2 + x2 – 2xz + z2)

Q.1. Carry out the following divisions.

= (5p2 – 20p – 5p + 20) ÷ (p – 1)

(vii) 39y3(50y2 – 98) ÷ 26y2(5y + 7)

Find and correct the errors in the following

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