DATA SHEET ODSR00

PROJECT TYPES LIQUID EFFLUENTS SOLID EFFLUENTS

GALFADTM Palm Oil Mill Effluent Coconut Shell
This acronym stands for GAsification
LandFill gas and Anerobic Digestion. At an average, about 0.6 tonne of Coconut is a majestic perennial palm. It
It is a trademarked waste disposal raw Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is is grown extensively in numerous islands
methodolgy, approved by the
UNFCCC under the terms of the
generated for every tonne of fresh fruit
bunch (FFB) processed. POME consists of
and also in the humid coastal tracts of
tropical countries. The coconut-palm,
WASTE AS AN ENERGY
Kyoto protocol to generate Certified
Emission Reductions.
water soluble components of palm fruits
as well as suspended materials like palm
rightly known as the Kalpa vriksha or
the `tree of heaven’, provides many
RESOURCE
fibre and oil. Despite its biodegradability, necessities of life, including food and
Palm Oil
POME is
Mill Effluent (POME)
produced by all palm oil POME cannot be discharged without first shelter. One important opportunity
Every time the price of oil peaks, the issue of waste as an energy resource PRODUCT RANGE
becomes a major preoccupation with governments, businesses and individuals.
mills. It is rich in organic carbon being treated because POME is acidic is to use the coconut sheel as a fuel. The pressing need is to escape the impact of potentially crippling increased
suitable for the production of and has a very high biochemical oxygen With the Organics Clean Pyrolysis this R01 Gasification systems
costs.
biogas. demand (BOD). may be achieved without polluting
paradise. There is no doubt that waste biomass streams are commercially attractive. R02 Anaerobic digester
Cassava Root A typical mill rated at 40 tonne per hour
Similarly, cassava processing of FFB can produce between 1 and 2 MW This is, in fact, the case in many situations where the price of oil has already
facilities produce a liquid effluent of electricty from the biogas that can be been sufficient to make consideration of alternative fuels a commercially R03 Waste to energy
which can be used to produce attractive proposition.
generated in an anaerobic digester. In
biogas.
certain countries such facilities will also R04 GALFAD
qualify for Certified Emission Reductions Waste can come in many forms suitable for energy recovery. The processing
Coconut shell
(CERs), adding to the overall project of agricultural products, such as tapioca, palm oil, rice and coconuts leaves
By means of pyrolysis, coconut shell R05 Cassava Root AD
produces an excellent carbon for viability. significant quantities of solid and liquid effluent which can be processed to
activation, as well as by-product produce energy.
gases which can be used for energy R06 Clean Pyrolysis
Organics offers a number of anaerobic
production. systems suitable for POME. Organics offers a broad range of energy-harnessing technologies including
anaerobic digestion systems, gasification and pyrolysis. R07 Clean Pyrolysis K Range
Pine Kernel Shell (PKS)
Pine kernal shell is often used to Casava Mill Effluent
Pine kernel shell R08 Clean Pyrolysis T Range
produce clean power at palm oil
Cassava processing presents an ideal
mills. Where this is not possible or As another opportunity for energy
not necessary, PKS can also be used opportunity for distributed generation,
production, the kernel shell from the R09 Air Free Drying
to produce activated carbon and coupling an excellent renewable
resource with large heat and electricity palm oil fruit is available for conversion
energy for power production.
loads.Significant energy is required to dry into energy and activated carbon. R10 Palm Oil Mill Effluent AD
Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) the starch,reducing its moisture content Carbonisation and energy recovery
After the fruit is removed from a from 70%–80% to 15%–17% for bagging and may be combined to maximise the R11 Pine Kernell Shells
palm fruit bunch, the residual fibre shipment. Cassava processing produces
can be used to produce power in
significant quantities of nutrient- R12 Coconut Shells
a number of ways. Simple burning
produces a very dirty plume rich waste water. In the absence of a
and is generally not permitted treatment facility, such waste streams R13 Plastic to Oil
for environmental reasons. are normally treated in an extensive
Gasification/pyrolysis can take the facultative lagoon system occupying
EFB and produce clean energy. many hectares.
R14 Coal Bed Methane

The waste water is ideal for the R15 Coal Mine Methane
production of biogas. As the initial ponds commercial benefit in a clean and
in a typically vast lagooning system are environmentally sound manner. With
normally anaerobic, there is also the the application of Organics’ gasifica-
possiblility of generating CERs. tion and pyrolysis technology such
processes may be taylored to the spe-
Organics offers technologies for the cific requirements of each situation.
anaerobic digestion of cassava processing
liquid effluent.

Organics Group plc

The Barclay Centre
University of Warwick Science Park
Coventry CV4 7EZ,
United Kingdom
T: +44 (0)2476 692141
F: +44 (0)2476 692238
E: [email protected]
W: www.organics.com DATA SHEET ODSR00
PROJECT ROUTE KEY FEATURES
All projects follow a similar
administrative route from initial CLEAN PYROLYSIS ANAEROBIC DIGESTION GALFAD PLASTIC TO OIL
specification through to handover. TURNKEY DESIGN,
Organics has developed a project Power can be derived from heat in Anaerobic digestion involves the GALFADTM is an integrated waste disposal The production of gasoline, kerosene MANUFACTURE AND
delivery structure over many years many different ways. Heat travels breakdown of organic waste by bacteria system designed to maximise energy and diesel from waste plastics is INSTALLATION SERVICES
that ensures reliable completion in many forms. Flames are the most in an oxygen-free environment. It is recovery from unsorted municipal an emerging technological solution AVAILABLE OR COMPONENT
and quality control whilst visible form of heat production but commonly used as a waste treatment solid waste. The simple objective is to to the vast amount of plastics that SUPPLY ONLY
maintaining specification heat can be found where flames do not process but also produces a methane- use appropriate conversion technology cannot be economically recovered by
requirements, and time-schedules. exist. Pyrolysis is the use of heat to rich biogas which can be used to conventional mechanical recycling
for each type of waste. FINANCE AVAILABLE
break down biomass into its constituent generate heat and/or electricity. operations. Pyrolysis is one established
SPECIFICATION The system for the commercial
THROUGH AFFILIATED
gaseous components in the absence of method of reducing plastics and other COMPANIES FOR FINANCE
Establishing a clear statement of Anaerobic digstion equipment consists, implementation of a waste-to-energy hydrocarbon waste. If applied correctly,
combustion. AND OPERATE PROJECTS
the design parameters is the in simple terms, of a anaerobic reactor strategy is based upon the following it should allow the recycling of some
first step in administration of The pyrolysis technology offered by volume, a gas holder to store the process stages: of the stored energy with the waste
an order. The Order Confirmation biogas, and a gas-burning engine/ OPERATION AND
Organics involves the use of heat in plastics.
provides this statement and is generator set, if electricity is to be • Front-end waste separation in wet MAINTENANCE SERVICES
the complete absence of air. Without
drafted by the engineers of the produced. The organic waste is broken and dry organics, recyclates and During pyrolysis the polymeric materials PROVIDED
air combustion is not possible. The
Operations Department who will be down in the reactor with up to 60% of rejects are heated to high temperatures, such
resultant reactions are therefore
responsible for the build.
this waste being converted into biogas; • Pyrolysis/gasification of the dry that their macro-molecular structures A ONE-STOP SOLUTION
clean and complete, leading to a
the rate of breakdown depends on waste are broken down into smaller FOR A COMPLETE SERVICE
DESIGN maximisation of power production in
• Anaerobic digestion of the wet RELATING TO THE
the form of Volatile Organic Carbons. the nature of the waste, the reactor molecules, resulting in a wide range
Each manufacturing project is design and the operating temperature. waste of hydrocarbons being formed. These COMBUSTION OF WASTE AND
These are the re-formed biomass
designed as a one-off project Biogas has a calorific value of typically • Energy generation from product pyrolytic products can be divided into SURPLUS GASES
constituent components now present
ensuring that details are fully between 50% and 70% that of natural syngas and biogas a non-condensable gas fraction, a
as a gas.
addressed. Detailed manufacturing • Optional compost production from
gas and can be combusted directly in liquid fraction (consisting of paraffins,
drawings are produced for all The overall objective of the biomass digestate sludges
projects. modified natural gas boilers or used to olefins, napthenes and aromatics) and
application is to convert biomass run internal combustion engines. solid residues (ie char).
materials, such as waste wood products, The technology involved has been
PROCUREMENT developed and demonstrated in
woodchips, forestry residues, short Organics offers a number of anaerobic General advantages of pyrolysis
The Procurement function takes rotation coppice, miscanthus and other digestion systems suitable for varying Europe. In each location it will be include:
full responsibility for maintaining energy crops and agricultural wastes feedstocks and specific operating implemented within the context of
delivery schedules. Their remit conditions. the local economy to ensure it remains • Very low energy consumption
such as bagasse, coconut husks, waste
is from drawings and component commercially viable. It is supported • It can handle plastic wastes, which
from palm oil plantations, and organic
specification through to all parts The process of anaerobic digestion by methane-offset Carbon Credits, cannot be efficiently recycled
ready for final fit-out and sludges (sewage and animal slurries),
(AD) consists of three steps: making it especially commercially • It operates without the need of air
commissioning. into renewable power (as electricity)
attractive in Annex 1 countries of the and at low pressures
and heat. The Clean Pyrolysis system The first step is the decomposition
Kyoto Protocol. • The HCL produced from the pyrolysis
MANUFACTURE will do this in a highly efficient and (hydrolysis) of plant or animal matter. of PVC plastics can be recovered
environmentally sound manner and, This step breaks down the organic There are many types of organic waste
Manufacture may either be and utilised as a raw material
in so doing, will displace a significant material to usable-sized molecules stream produced by both industry and
completed to “good engineering • Since pyrolysis is conducted in a
practice” or, where specifically fossil fuel requirement. such as sugar. society in general. Such waste may be closed system, there are no
requested, under the supervision broadly categorised as both dry and pollutants
Using local biomass as a source of The second step is the conversion of
of a Third Party Inspector, such as wet waste. Where moisture content
fuel for CHP applications provides a decomposed matter to organic acids. • It permits the recycling of unwashed
Lloyds. All welders are coded and is high the energy required to dry
manufacturing quality is high. sustainable source of energy and is and soiled plastics
carbon neutral in terms of the recycling Finally, the acids are converted to the waste may be excessive. In such • It enables the recycling of plastics
FIT-OUT AND INSTALLATION of CO2 emissions through the natural methane gas. cases the use of gasification would be laminates, coextrusions and
biomass growth cycle. inappropriate. Organics offers a range multilayer packaging films,
Fit-out may occur in our factory Process temperature affects the rate of anaerobic digestion systems for wet particularly those with aluminium
or on site, for larger installations. The use of mixed municipal solid waste of digestion and should be maintained wastes. (See datasheet 0DSR02). foil layers that are difficult to
Fit-out work is completed by as a feedstock introduces issues of in the mesophillic range (30oC to 35oC - recycle using traditional
suitably qualified personnel, under 86oF to 95oF). It is possible to operate The Organics Clean Pyrolysis system
pyrogas consistency which can best be reprocessing technologies
the supervision of an Operations (See datasheet 0DSR06) is designed to
addressed by use of a steam cycle for in the thermophillic range (approx.
Department engineer. accept a broad range of organic waste
power production. This is, however, 55oC - 131oF) but the digestion process With unsorted, “dirty” plastics forming
types.This is an essential pre-requisite
COMMISSION AND a very robust technological approach at this temperature is subject to an increasingly large percentage of
relatively easy upset if not closely for systems designed to dispose of waste disposed to landfill, the use of
HANDOVER which is tolerant to contaminated/
Municipal Solid Waste whilst producing
dirty material feedstocks. monitored. pyrolysis to oil technologies will be of
Commissioning is undertaken on energy. increasing importance.
site by the Technical Manager or
a member of his staff. Established
procedures are followed to ensure
that equipment is fully operational
at the point of handover.

SERVICE SUPPORT
Following handover, responsibility
fr equipment support passes to
the Service Manager. This support
can range from supply of spare
parts and advice to regular
servicing o complete operational
management.