PROJECT REPORT

ON

“A STUDY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR TOWARDS THE E-SHOPPING”

(SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FEMALE CONSUMERS)

A PROJECT SUBMITTED TO

A LIEU OF ONE SUBJECT FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF

MASTER OF COMMERCE (ACCOUNTANCY)

2019-20

BY

PRAJOT GAUTAM KADAM

ROLL NO.75

UNDER GUIDANCE OF

PRINCIPAL – DR. (MRS) ANITA MANNA

K.M.AGRAWAL COLLEGE OF ARTS, COMMERCE AND SECIECE

KALYAN (WAST), 421301

ACCREDITED AT “A” GRAED BY NAAC

1
 UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI

K.M Agrawal College of Arts, Commerce and Science Kalyan (w)

Accredited at ‘A’ Grade by NAAC

CERTIFICATE

This is to certif that MR. PRAJOT GAUTAM KADAM Roll No.75 a student oi
Master oi commerce (Accountancf) Semester IV Undertaken & completed the
project work ttled “A Study of Consumer Behaviour towards the E-shopping”.
Daring the academic fear 2019-20 under the guidance oi “Principal –DR. (Mrs)
Anita Manna” submitted on 26 uune 2020 in lieu oi one subject ior Master oi
commerce (Accountancf) UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI.
It is his own work and iacts reported bf his personal fndings and Investgaton.

PROuECT GUIDE:-

Principal – Dr. (Mrs) Anita manna

2
 DECLARATION

I Mr. PRAJOT GAUTAM KADAM student oi Master oi commerce (Accountancf) Semester IV

herebf declare that I have completed this project on “A Study of Consumer Behaviour towards
the E-shopping.” on mf own in the Academic Year 2019-20. The iniormaton submitted is True &
Original to the best oi mf Knowledge & beliei.

I herebf iurther declare that all iniormaton oi this document has been obtained and presented in
accordance with academic rules and ethical conduct.

PRAJOT GAUTAM KADAM

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It given me great pleasure to submit this project to the Universitf oi Mumbai as a part oi
curriculum oi mf Master oi Commerce I take this opportunitf with great pleasure to person
beiore fou this project on “ A Studf oi Consumer behaviour towards the E-shopping” which is
result oi co-operaton. Hard work and good wishes oi manf people No words can adequatelf
express mf sincere thanks to all those who have helped me in making this project a success.

I would like to thank mf Principal – Dr. (Mrs) Anita Manna ior providing the necessarf iacilites
required ior completon this project.

I would also like to express mf sincere grattude towards mf Project Guide Proi, Dr. (Mrs) Anita
Manna whose guidance and care made the project successiul.

I would like to thank mf best iriend colleagues ior his moral support and guidance.

I would like to thank mf College Librarf ior having provided various reierence books and
magazines related to mf project.

Lastlf, I would like to thank each and everf person to directlf or indirectlf help me in the
completon oi the project speciallf Mf Parents and Peers who supported me throughout mf
project.

4
5
“A STUDY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR TOWARDS THE E-SHOPPING”

(Special Reference to Female Consumers)

● CHAPTER:-1

INTRODUCTION:-

Marketng is a human actvitf at satsifing need and wants through

exchange process. Consumer are plafing important role in marketng .Market
begins and ends with customers onlf consumers like & dislike ,attude, behaviour,
needs & reactons plaf an important role in regard to marketng plans and policies
oi companies. According to Adam Smith “A human being is a ratonal individual”.
Man is a social creature. So the purchase decisions are stronglf infuenced bf
various iactors like cultural iactors, social iactors & psfchological iactors.

In the iast changing scenario, all companies need to look befond product
innovaton and achieving operatonal efciencf. The customer reallf ieels like a king
in todaf’s knowledgeable societf. The consumer are bufing and consuming varietf
oi good and services. Todaf’s consumers are knowledgeable and the competton
and ferce. Thef are looking ior more individual attenton, response and
customizaton. Thef want better qualitf goods at lower cost. Increasing per capital
income and better standard oi living have converted several goods and services,
considered luxurious in the past into necessites.

Todaf’s world is moving verf iast onlf because oi Internet. Since the world
wide web is so widelf available, varietf available, varietf oi product with just a iew
clicks oi their mouse. The internet provides an important platorm ior customer as
well as the supplier. Electronic commerce is a general concept covering anf iorm oi
business transacton executed using iniormaton and communicaton technologies.

E-commerce takes place between companies and their customer or between

companies and public administratons.

E-commerce includes electronic trading oi goods and services and electronic

material.

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 India has an internet user base oi about 250.2 million as oi uune 2014. The
penetraton oi commerce is low compared to markets like the United States and
United Kingdom but is growing at a much iaster rate with a large number oi new
entrants. The industrf consensus is the growth is at an infecton point.

Unique to (India and potentallf to other developing countries), Cash on

Deliverf is a preierred pafment method. India has vibrant cash economf as a result
oi which 80% oi Indian E-commerce trends to be cash on deliverf. However, Cash
Deliverf maf harm e-commerce business in India in the long run and there is a need
to make a shif toward online pafment mechanisms.

Thef want quick services. E-shopping plafs an important role in home, in

working place and in the societf also she don’t have much tme to spent on her own
shopping because her schedule oi work is verf hectc. She has onlf one opton that
is E-shopping.

E-shopping provides the varietf oi the goods at a reasonable price because

there is direct relatonship between the manuiacture and the consumer. E-shopping
is available 24×7×36 5 basis easf to use and has global reach to consumer. E-
shopping reduced the business cost provide efectve management oi distributors
channel, reduced paper work.

As a consumer we are all unique and this uniqueness is refected in the

consumpton pattern and the process oi purchase. The studf oi consumer
behaviour provides us with reasons whf consumers difer irom one another in
bufing using products and services. We receive stmuli irom the environment and
the specifes oi the marketng strategies oi diferent products and services, and
responds to the stmuli in terms oi either bufing or not bufing product. In between
the stage oi receiving the stmuli and responding to it, the consumer goes through
the process oi making his decision.

Footnotes:- Internatonal journal oi business & management research (IuBMR)

Page 45-49, December 2013.

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 OBJECTIVES:-
1. To studf the demand oi consumer towards E-shopping.
2. To studf the changes oi market scenario towards marketng.
3. To studf the constrain oi iemale customer in E-shopping.
4. To studf the growth and development oi E-shopping towards iemale consumer.

HYPOTHESIS:-
H0:- Maximum iemales are not interested in E-shopping process.

H1:- There is no relatonship between iemale consumer and the E-shopping.

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SCOPE:-

1. Electronic Markets:-

An electronic market is the use oi iniormaton and communicaton technologf to

present a range oi oferings available in the market segment so that the ofering
and make a purchase decision. For Example: Airline booking sfstem.

2. Electronic Data Interchange:-

EDI provides a standardized sfstem ior coding trade transactons so that thef can be
communicated directlf irom one computer sfstem to another without the need ior
printed orders and invoices and the delafs and errors implicit in paper handling. For
Example: in the Large supermarket EDI used ior transacton with their supplier.

3. Internet Commerce:-
Iniormaton and communicaton technologies can used to advertse and make once of sales
oi a wide range oi goods and services. For Example: Online shopping or the booking
oi tckets that can be picked up bf the clients when thef arrive at the event.

METHODOLOGY:-

● The Primary Data: The Primarf data is collected irom the respondents oi 50 iemale
consumers and questonnaire was used to collect necessarf data irom the consumers. The
data presented irom this questonnaire should be viewed with cauton. The respondents
were required to tck the appropriate box irom a number oi predefned answers.

● The Secondary Data: The secondarf data is collected irom the Internet uournals, New
Papers, Reierence Books, websites. etc.

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 ● CHAPTER:-2

LITERATURE REVIEW:-

Lohse & Spiler (1999):-

“ Studied on the online shopping & it was iound that online shopping is a result oi
convenient access to greater amounts oi iniormaton that enchanted customer
decision making & increases market penetraton ior the merchants.”

Limayem (2000):-

“Studied the impact oi diferent social iactors on consumers online shopping

intentons &behaviour based on the theorf planned behaviour.”

Lee and Turban (2001):-

“Studied on trust in internet shopping and it was iound that lack oi trust is one the
commonlf cited reasons as to whf the consumers do not preier an online purchase
and it plafs a signifcant role in iacilitatng online transacton.”

Schlosser (2003):-
“Studied on online browsing &iound that another kind oi consumers is called a
browser, who is experiental and trf to fnd an entertaining experience rather than
iniormaton.”

Jongeun kim (2004):-

“In the studf online shopping & purchasing behaviours explored the diferences
between iour potental groups oi web users, the current non-web user.

Arjun Mital (2013):-

“In the studf E- commerce: Its impact on consumer behaviour examines those
iactors that afect the consumer’s online shopping behaviour.”

Dr. Renuka Sharma (2014):-

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 “In the studf enttled Understanding Online Shopping Behaviour oi Indian
Shoppers’ revealed that the ease and convenience provided bf these stores ior
24×7 has made verf easf shopping ior consumers worldwide.”

Chaitra Sharma (2015):-

“Studied consumer bufing behaviour towards online shopping analfsed the characteristcs
oi bufing behaviour oi online shoppers. Consumer bufing behaviour in respect oi

online shopping was studied using diferent socio-economic variables.”

11
 ● CHAPTER:-3

IMPACT:-

Positive Impact:-
1. Speed - Instead oi driving/ riding to a store to make a purchase, one can do so

within a minute online ii thef know what thef are looking ior.

2. Inventory – Thanks to sites such as Amazon and Alibaba, it is tfpicallf a given

fou will fnd waf more inventorf and diversitf online.

3. Availability – It is ofen possible to fnd item online one cannot fnd in a store,

especiallf ii the shoppers locaton prohibits them irom fnding what thef

want/need.

4. Price – Things are generallf cheaper when purchased online. Most retail stores

aggressivelf price match to staf compettve and get customers into stores to

upsell them or pitch attachments.

Negative Impact:-

1. Employment – Ii retail shifs primarilf to an online model over a brick-and-

mortar one, the lack oi sales will drive companies to invest less in their
phfsical presence. A companf will not paf emplofment to sell /maintain a
store ii it is not generatng proft.
2. Experience – Despite the qualms people have with salespeople, thef are

integral part oi the purchasing experience and are there to advise fou.

3. Returns – Ii fou cannot return four purchase to a store or another tfpe oi

outlet, be prepared ior a long wait and possible red tape depending on the

level oi use the companf deems is acceptable or excessive.

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 4. Impulse – Impulse bufers will iall victm to it, as easf to purchases stuf

online so manf people ofen make purchases while not considering their

budget.

CAUSES:-

1. Convenience – Where else can fou do shopping, even at midnight, wearing four
jammies? You don’t have to wait in a line or wait tll the shop assistant helps fou
with four purchases. You can do four shopping in minutes even ii fou are busf,
apart irom saving tme and avoiding crowds.
2. Beter Prices – I get cheap deals and better prices irom online stores because

products come to fou directlf irom the manuiacture or seller without

middlemen involved. Manf online shops ofer discount coupons and rebates.

3. Variety – One can get several brands and product irom diferent seller at one
place. You can get in on the latest internatonal trends without spending monef
on travel; fou can irom retailers in other parts oi the countrf the wold without
being limited bf geographic area… These store ofer a iar greater selected
colors and sizes than fou will fnd locallf.
4. Fewer Expenses – Manf tmes when we opt ior conventonal shopping we tend

to spend a lot more than the required shopping expenses, on things like eatng

out, traveling impulsive shopping etc.

5. Comparison of prices – Online shops make comparison and research oi

products and prices possible. Online stores also give fou the abilitf to share
iniormaton and reviews with other shoppers who have frs hand experience
with a product or retailer.
6 . Crowds – Most oi us hate crowds and point oi sale queue. This is common
during iestvals and special occasions. In the crowed, shopping becomes a tough
task. In this situaton in local market, fou won’t able stand in four iavourite
store due to limited space and less attenton towards fou.

13
7. Compulsive Shopping – Manf tme when we go out shopping we end up bufing

things which we do not require because oi the shopkeepers’ up selling skills – or

we’ll compromise on our choices because oi the lack oi choices in those shops.

8. Discreet purchases – Some things are better done in privacf. Online shops

enable me to purchase undergarments and lingerie or adult tofs without the

embarrassment that there are several people watching me and mf choices.

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 ● CHAPTER:- 4 ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION:-
Afer collecton oi data it is tabulated and graphical representaton method is used.
These Statstcal methods will be more suitable ior fnding the soluton to
the problem and to achieve the objectve oi the studf.

Q. Are fou aware about E-shopping?

Yes 35 %
No 15 %

The above table shown the opinion about are fou aware about e-shopping. Out oi the total
respondents taken ior the studf 35% are fes in iemale and the remaining 15% are no in
iemale.

15
 Q. Are the prices oi product reasonable in E-shopping?
Yes 40 %
No 10%

16
Q. Are complaints and suggeston box available on E- shopping websites?

Yes 15 %
No 35%

17
 Q. Do fou get quick service in E-shopping?

Yes 40 %
No 10%

The above table shown the do fou get quick service in e-shopping. Out oi the total respondents taken
ior the studf 40% are fes in iemale and the remaining 10% are no in iemale.

18
Q. Do fou get anf extra services, gifs received afer purchases?

Yes 15 %
No 35%

The above table shown the opinion about do fou get extra services, gifs received afer purchases.
Out oi the total respondents taken ior the studf 15% are fes in iemale and the remaining
35% are no in iemale.

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Q. Do fou get Qualitf product in E-shopping?

Yes 40%
No 10%

The above table shown the do fou get qualitf in E-shopping. Out oi the total respondents
taken ior the studf 40% are fes and the remaining 10% are no.

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Q. Is anf extra Discount/ Concession iacilitf are available in E-shopping?

Yes 30%
No 20%

The above table shown the opinion about is anf extra Discount/ Concession iacilitf are
available in E-shopping. Out oi the total respondents taken ior the studf 30% are
fes and the remaining 20% are no.

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Q. Do fou get satsiacton afer purchases?

Yes 35%
No 15%

22
The table shown the opinion about do fou get satsiacton afer purchases. Out oi the total
respondents taken ior the studf 35% are fes and the remaining 15% are no.

Q. Do fou get all kinds oi product on E-shopping?

Yes 45%
No 5%

The above table shown the do fou get all kinds oi product on E-shopping. Out oi the total
respondents taken ior the studf, 45% are fes in iemale and the remaining 5% are
no in iemale.

23
QUESTIONARY:-

1) What is four name:-

2) What is four Age:- 3) What’s four occupaton:- 4)
What’ four gender?
(a) Male (b) Female
5) Are fou aware about E-shopping?
(a) Yes (b) No
6 ) Do fou get qualitf product in E-shopping?
(a) Yes (b) No
7) Are the prices oi product reasonable in E-shopping?
(a) Yes (b) No
8) Are anf complaints and suggeston box available on E-shopping websites?
(a) Yes (b) No
9) Do fou get quick service in E-shopping?
(a) Yes (b) No
10) Is anf extra discount/concession iacilitf are available in E-shopping?
(a) Yes (b) No
11) Do fou get anf extra services, gif received afer purchases?
(a) Yes (b) No
12) Which products are ordered regularlf on E-shopping?
(a) Home product (b) Appeals(clothes) (c) cosmetcs (d) Gold 13) Do
fou get satsiacton afer purchase?
(a) Yes (b) No
14) Have fou ever hand E-shopping?
(a) Yes (b) No
15) Have fou ielt anf problem while conductng E-shopping?
(a) Yes (b) No
16 ) Do four use interest prior to a purchase ior collectng Iniormaton?
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 (a) Yes (b) No
17) What is four current monthlf Income?
(a) 5000 (b) 10,000 (c) 20,000 (d) More than 20,000 18) Ii fes, what kind oi
problem?
(a) Delaf in deliverf (b) Cheap qualitf product (c) Product Damage (d) Non-
deliverf
19) How ofen do four use interest everf daf?
(a) Less than one hours (b) 1-2 hours (c) 2-3 hours (d) More than 3 hours 20)
How would fou describe four profciencf on the interest?
(a) Novice (b) Intermediate (c) Advanced
21) How ofen do four use interest ior shopping?
(a) Verf ofen (b) Ofen (c) Sometme (d) Rarelf (e) Never 22)
Ii fes, how ofen?
(a)Verf ofen (b) Ofen (c) Sometme (d) Rarelf (e) Never 23)
Risk four iavorite online sites?
(a) Flipkart.com (b) Baf.in (c) Future-bazzar.com (d) u.mfntra.com 24)
Features four think necessarf ior an online shopping site?
(a) Multple pafment gatewaf (b) Social networking integraton
(c) Credibilitf (d) Design (e) Customer iriendlf
25) Select an approximate maximum amount fou would spend on a single online
purchase?
(a) 101-140 (b) 141-180 (c) 181-220 (d) 221 & above

25
 ● CHAPTER:-5

FINDINGS:-

1) In the research studf we iound that the 35% iemale are aware about the
E-shopping and the 15% iemale are not heard the name oi E-commerce also.
Out oi the 35% most oi the iemale are the college girls student thef have the
separate the chapter on E-commerce that’s result thef have idea about the E-
shopping. The iemale are onlf aware about the online shopping but actuallf
thef do not anf experience oi E-shopping.
2) In studf we iound that 40% iemale are agreeing the prices oi product are
reasonable and 10% iemale are stll the coniused about the prices oi the
3) product are reasonable or not. The iemale are verf much price conscious thef
are the alwafs the compare the prices. Thef see what are actual price in market
and the online product price and later on thef decided to buf the product or
not.
4) In the research survef we iound that 15% iemale are agree that suggeston and
complaints box available in websites but remaining 35% iemale are totallf
disagree on that queston thef said that there is no anf complaints and
suggeston box available on online sites websites.
5) In the research studf we iound that 40% iemale are agree that in online
shopping within the less tme we get the product. When we purchase order
entered 7 or 8 dafs the companf deliver the product. But in 10% iemale are
agree that we are not received goods at tme.
6 ) In the Research survef we iound that the 15% iemale are agree that in online
shopping the companf give anf gif and extra services afer the goods delivers.
But the 35% iemale are totallf not agree on that thef said that no one given anf
extra discount and gifs on purchases through online.
7) In the survef we iound that 45% iemale are agree on that all kinds oi goods are
available on online shopping. Female are verf much interested in shopping oi
clothes, Home products, Cosmetcs are demanding on regular basis. But 5%
26
 iemale are not agreeing on that queston thef told that the perishable goods,
gold, electric products are not possible to purchases through the online.
8) In the research survef we iound that 40% iemale are agree that in satsiacton
afer purchases in product. But in 10% iemale are agree that we are not
satsiacton afer purchases.
9) The social iactors like occupaton, income, infuence oi iamilf and iriends do
have signifcant associaton with E-shopping. E-shopping consumers tends to be
founger, better of and better educated.
10) E-shopping provider the most satsifing experience and provider unique
shopping experience. The reason being the E-shopping sites ofer attractve
ofers, iree cash on deliverf, iree gifs, ease oi use in comparing the prices and
Features oi the products etc. That is whf people are shifing irom traditonal shopping
to E-shopping channels.

● CHAPTER:-6

CONCLUSION:-
In the above data, it is cleared that, the E-shopping is verf essental, due to iast living stfles
oi urban people. As per the survef, in this region iemale consumers are not aware
about the E-shopping, the number oi iemale consumers are irom the middle class
and poor class. As iar as the technologf is concerned, manf iemales are not aware
about the computer and E-shopping, that’s whf these consumers avoid the E-
shopping. Generallf the Indian consumers’ habit is that, thef want to see the
products at the tme oi bufing the product, such kind oi iacilites are not available
in such sort oi shopping. In manf houses the computer are not available so that the
iemales’ consumers are not iamiliar with tfpes oi shopping. Though these
drawbacks came to know irom the above discussion, there is a need oi E-shopping
in Indian market is one oi the best citf in Asia, in such area the computer literacf is
must. World business is developing is so iact, todaf manf ioreign companies,

27
 qualitf products are available in India and these companies are adoptng
technologf, Ii we want such kinds oi products, we must know the computer
knowledge. Maximum customers should go through the E-commerce shopping,
otherwise the Indian consumers will perish and indirectlf it will be adverse impact
on our economf.
E-consumers decision making mostlf infuenced bf marketng infuences like the price,
Advertsements on TV, Newspapers and Magazines, Free samples, Qualitf oi
product and Brand Image most on consumers’ willingness to buf online. Hence the
studf directs the e-retailers that thef should iocus on these
Important aspects in order to attract the more customers towards E-shopping.

RECOMMENDATIONS:-
1) More discounts compared to phfsical stores is a major pull ior the customers to
shop irom e-retailers, to maintain this heavf discounts in the long term business
will be the major challenge ior e-retails. Cost estmaton & iuture planning oi
pricing, promotonal actvites will be essental to cater market demands.
2) E-shopping services are mostlf available in metro cites or in the urban areas ior
e-retailers to expand the customer base in smaller towns thef need to do te
ups with small entrepreneurs & local suppliers.
3) More oi brand & trust building exercises should be carried out in order to
positon a positve image oi E-shopping in consumers mind.
4) Currentlf products are couriered directlf without route planning which results
in cost to retailers. Google maps should be used ior customer locaton fnding.
5) Based on past purchases & transacton historf e-consumers should get
automatc product recommendaton which in turn will lead to increase in E-
shopping.
6 ) Consumers don’t get alerts & messages about new product, product/categorf
launch, e-consumers have to visit websites ior iniormaton. Consumers should
get adverts, blinks, SMS or emails to be iniormed.

28
 ● REFERENCES:-
BIBLIOGRAPHY:-

● “Electronic Commerce: A managerial perspectve” (1990) Bf E.Turban, j.Lee,

D.King and H.M.Chung, Prentce Hall, 1999

● “Electronic Commerce – Strategies and Models ior Business to – Business

Trading” (2000) Bf P. Timmers, uohn Wilef & Sons,2000

● “The state oi online retailing” (2009) Bf M. T. N. Rajan and R. Sebastanelli,

Vol.13, No. 3. 2009
● “ An examinaton oi the efects oi service qualitf and satsiacton on customer’
behavioural intentons in e-shopping” (2010) S. Gounaris, s. Dimitriadis, and V.
Stathakopoulos, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 142-156 .2010
● “B2B e-market place: an e-marketng iramework ior B2B commerce”
(uUNE2009) Bf W. K. Chong, and M. Shaiaghi, C. Woollaston, and V. Lui, Vol.22,
No.3, pp. 142-156 , 2010
● “Efects oi the internet on the marketng communicaton oi service companies”,
(2005) Bf S. Lagrosen, uournal oi Services Marketng, Vol.19 No.2, pp. 6 3-9,
2005.
● “ Marketng notes and communicatons: whf do people shop?” Bf E.M. Tauber,
uournal oi marketng, Vol.36 , pp 46 -59.
● “An empirical studf oi the use oi e-securitf seals in e-commerce, (2008) Bf B.
Chien-Ta Ho and Kok-Boon O, Vol.33, No.4, (October2,2008).

WEBSITES:-
● www.amazon.com
● www.jabong.com
● www.snapseal.com
● https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-commerce

29
 ● WEBLIOGRAPHY:-

1) Supplf Chain Strategf – Ascet Vol-6 Artcle on supplf chain strategies including
optmizaton and implementaton –website-www.ascet.com/soluton.asp. This
artcle various topics related to newlf emerging concepts in supplf chain
management.

2) Supplf chain management, Version- 1’’ “A Introducton oi Supplf Chain

Management “ bf Ram Ganeshan, Terrf P Harrison. Iniormaton on
websites.icm.csa.iisc.ernet.in/supplf_chain_intro.html,Department oi
Management science and iniormaton sfstem 303 Beam Business Building Penn
State Universitf park, PA 16 802, U.S.A.

3) The Integrated Supplf chain management project”. Iniormaton on website.

www.eil.utornto.ca/iscm _descr.html. published bf Enterprise Integraton
Laboratorf, Department oi Industrial Engineering, Universitf oi Toronto, 4
Taddle Creek Road, Ontario M5s 1A4. Fox.M.S., Chinglo, u.F., and Barbucean M.
(1993).

4) “ Supplf chain modelling & analfsis” Iniormaton on website: www-2csu. Edu.

Researcher: orman sadeh, Stephen F. Smith, uaf Swaminathan.

5) “White papers – supplf chain knowledge base “Iniormaton on website”

www.ittoolbox.com, Artcles on various topics such as.
a. Automatng with ResettNet: An Intel case studf oi order –to-pafment
automaton in the Asia Pacifc region-From Intel.
b. Get those inventories accurate… “Round up the usual suspects!”(ITtoolbox

Supplf Chain Management Knowledge Base.

c. Making Sense oi e-Manuiacturing. A Roadmap ior Manuiactures (Rockwell

Internatonal Corporaton).
d. Mult-Echelon Invertorf Optmizaton (Evant Inc.)

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