Mathematics - Grade 9 Week 1 Topic: Quadratic Equations Sub Topic: Illustrating Quadratic Equations
Mathematics - Grade 9 Week 1 Topic: Quadratic Equations Sub Topic: Illustrating Quadratic Equations
WEEK 1
Points To Ponder:
A quadratic equation in one variable ( x ) has the form of ax2 + bx + c = 0, where a, b and
c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
The equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is in standard form (general form)
Example:
a. Identify the quadratic equations.
b. Write the quadratic equations in general form.
c. Give the values of the coefficients a, b and c.
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5. -6x + 3x2 + x = 6 The degree is at second 3x2 - 6x + x – 6 = 0 3 -5 -6
degree. It is quadratic. or
3x2 - 5x - 6 = 0
REMINDERS: Write your answers / solutions on a separate one whole sheet of paper.
Indicate the page number.
Activity 1:
Determine whether each equation is quadratic equation or not . Write True if it is
quadratic , write False if it is not .
_________1. 3 – 2x2 = 0 _________6. 13 = x2 - 2x2 + 12x
Activity 2
A. Write each equation in the form of ax2 + bx + c = 0 and give the values of coefficients.
Hint: To replace the values of a, b and c correctly, write first the quadratic equation in
standard form.
Standard Form
Given a b C
(ax2 + bx + c = 0)
1. x2 + 4x + 8 = -7
2. 4x2 = - 3x2 + 6x – 11
3. 5 = (4x + 1)2 + 6
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4. 7(2x2 – 1) = 5x
5. 2(3x + 5) = x2
6. 8x2 + 3 = 4x
7. -24x + 16x2 + 9 = 0
8. 3x + 5 = 4(x + 1)2
9. 3(x -2)2 =6
Points to Ponder:
Recall that a quadratic equation is in standard form if it is written as ax2 + bx + c = 0,
where a, b and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
A solution to a quadratic equation is called a root.
A quadratic equation can have:
Two real solutions
One real solution
No real solution
SQUARE ROOT PROPERTY: If x2 = k, then x = ± √𝑘.
Examples:
1. Solve: Solution: Checking:
x –4=0
2 x =4
2 For x = 2 For x = -2
Therefore, 2 2
𝑥 −4=0 x2 - 4 = 0
√𝑥 = ± √4
2 ( -2)2 - 4 =
x =±2 2 −4=0
4 - 4 = 0 0
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the given equation x =2 ; x = -2 0 = 0 4 - 4 = 0
has two real 0 = 0
solutions:
2 and -2
2. Solve: Solution: Checking:
2(x – 5)2 = 32 2(x-5)2 = 32 For x = 9 For x = 1
2(𝑥−5)2 =32 2(9 – 5)2 = 32 2(1 – 5)2 = 32
Therefore, the 2 2( 4)2 = 32 2(4)2 = 32
given equation has (x – 5) = 16 2(16) = 32 2(16) = 32
two real solutions 9 √(𝑥 − 5)2 = √16 32 = 32 32 = 32
and 1 x–5 =±4
x–5=4 x – 5 = -4
x= 4+9 x=5–4
x= 9 x=1
4. 2x2 + 9 = 1 Solution:
2x2 + 9 = 1
Since √−𝟒 does not 2x2 = - 9 + 1
exist in the real 2x2 = -8
number system, our 2𝑥 2 −8
=
2 2
equation has no
real solution x2 = ± √−4
REMINDERS: Write your answers / solutions on a separate one whole sheet of paper.
Indicate the page number.
Activity 1
A. Find the roots of the following quadratic equations by extracting square roots.
1. x2 = 16 ___________________________________________
2. 9x2 = 18 ___________________________________________
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3. x2 - 121 = 0 ___________________________________________
4. x2 – 16 = 0 ___________________________________________
5. 4x2 – 25 = 0 ___________________________________________
7. x2 – 10 = 0 ___________________________________________
9. 3x2 = 49 ___________________________________________
Activity 2
3. x2 - 16 = 4 8. 6 (2x + 1)2 – 40 = 56
Points to Ponder
A quadratic equation can be solved by factoring.
Factoring is the process by which one tries to make a mathematical expression look like a
multiplication problem by looking for factors.
There are two types of quadratic equations that can be solved by factoring:
Quadratic equations in the form of ax2 + bx = 0.
Quadratic equations in the form of ax2 + bx + c =0.
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and if either x = 0 or y = 0, then xy = 0.
Case 1: SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS of the FORM ax2 +bx = 0. (Constant is not given)
For equation like this, one root will always be equal to 0 while the other root will be a non-zero real
number.
Examples:
99 – 78 = 48 - 27
21 = 21
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Case 2 : SOLVING QUADRATIC EQUATIONS of the FORM ax2 + bx + c = 0 .
Example:
A. Solve: x2 – x = 12 by factoring.
Procedure Solution
Step 1 :
Write the equation in standard form. x2 – x -12 = 0
Step 2:
Factor the left side of the equation. ( x + 3) (x – 4) = 0
Step 3:
Equate both factors to zero. x+3=0 x–4=0
Step 4:
Solve the linear equation separately. x=-3 x=4
Step 5:
Write the solution set. {-3, 4}
For x = -3 F or x = 4
Step 6: x2 – x = 12 x2 – x = 1
To check, substitute the solution set (-3)2 – (-3) = 12 ( 4 )2 – 4 = 12
to the original equation. 9 +3 = 12 16 - 4 = 12
12 = 12 12 = 12
REMINDERS: Write your answers / solutions on a separate one whole sheet of paper.
Indicate the page number.
Activity 1 : Find the solution set of the following equations of the form ax2 + bx = 0.
1. x2 – 2x = 0 x = _____________ x = ______________
2. 2x2 – 5x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________
3. 7x2 + 18x = 10x2 + 12x x = ______________ x = ______________
4. x2 – 6x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________
5. 2x2 + 8x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________
6. 8x2 - 12x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________
7. 9x2 - x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________
8. 6x2 + 20x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________
9. x2 + 4x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________
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10. 3x2 - 4x = 0 x = ______________ x = ______________
Activity 2
Find the corresponding factors of the given quadratic equations. Write the letter on the
blank, then solve for the roots of the equation.
This method can solve any type of quadratic equations including those which are not
factorable.
The expression ax2 + bx + c is a perfect square trinomial if a and c are perfect squares and
b is twice the product of the square roots of a and c.
If the expression ax2 + bx + c is not a perfect square trinomial, then we can set one side of
the equation as a perfect square trinomial.
Example 1: Solve: x2 + 10x – 3 = 0 by completing the square.
Procedure Solution
Step 1 :
Write the terms with variables in one side. x2 + 10x = 3
Step 2:
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Get the numerical coefficient of x, divide it by 2 = 5
2
and square the result.
(5)2 = 25
Step 3:
Add the result to both sides of the equation. x2 + 10x + 25 = 3 + 25
Simplify x2 + 10x + 25 = 28
Step 4:
Factor the Perfect Square Trinomial (left side). (x + 5) (x + 5) = 28
( x + 5 )2 = 28
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Step 5: .
Get the square root of both sides. √(𝑥 + 5)2 = ±√28
x + 5 =± √4 ⋅ 7
x + 5 = ±2√7
Step 6:
Solve for x x = -5 + 2 √7
x = -5 - 2√7
Procedure Solution
Step 1:
Write the constant term on the other side. 2x2 – 3x = 9
Step 2:
If the coefficient of x2 is not 1, divide both sides 2𝑥 2 −3𝑥 9
by the coefficient of x2. =
2 2
3𝑥 9
x2 - =
2 2
Step 3:
Get the numerical coefficient of x, divide by 2 and 3 3 9
{ ( − ) ÷ 2} =(- )2 =
square it . 2 4 16
3𝑥 9 9 9
x2 - + = +
2 16 2 16
Step 5:
3 2 81
Get the Square root of both sides. √(𝑥 − ) = √
4 16
3 9
x - = ±
4 4
Step 6:
Solve for x .
9
3 9 3 9
x- = + ; x- =-
4 4 4 4
3 9 3 9
x= + ; x= -
4 4 4 4
12 −6
x= ; x=
4 4
−3
x= 3 ; x=
2
REMINDERS: Write your answers / solutions on a separate one whole sheet of paper.
Indicate the page number.
A. Write the missing term to B. Determine the constant C. Solve by completing the
make the expression a perfect term needed to square. Write your
square trinomial. complete the square. solutions.
Points to Ponder:
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In any given quadratic equation of the form ax2 + bx + c = 0, its solution can also be found
using the quadratic formula:
−𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
In order to use the quadratic formula in solving a quadratic equation, identify first the
values of a, b and c in the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0.
Make sure the quadratic equation is written in standard form.
Procedure Solution
Step 2 : a = 6 ; b = - 11 ; c – 10
Get the correct values of a, b, c.
Step 3: −𝑏 ± √𝑏 2 − 4𝑎𝑐
Substitute the values of a, b and c to 𝑥=
2𝑎
the quadratic formula.
11 ± √121 + 240
𝑥=
12
11 ± √361 11 ± 19
𝑥= ; 𝑥=
12 12
11+19 11−19
𝑥= ; x=
12 12
30 −8
𝑥= ; 𝑥=
12 12
5 2
x= ; x=-
2 3
5 2
Solution set: { ‘- }
2 3
11
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Example 2. Solve: x2 + x + 1 = 0 by using the quadratic formula.
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Procedure Solution
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Step 1: Remove the denominator by 3(x2 + x + 1 = 0)
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multiplying the sides by 3.
3x2 + 5x + 3 = 0
Step 2:
Get the values of a, b and c. a=3 ;b=5; c=3
Step 3:
Substitute to the given quadratic formula. −𝑏 ± √𝑏2 − 4𝑎𝑐
𝑥=
2𝑎
−5 ± √(5)2 − 4(3)(3)
𝑥=
2(3)
−5 ± √25 − 4 (9)
𝑥=
6
−5 ± √25 − 36
𝑥=
6
−5±√− 11
𝑥=
2(3)
REMINDERS: Write your answers / solutions on a separate one whole sheet of paper.
Indicate the page number.
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Activity 1
A. Find the real solution of each of the following quadratic equation. If no real solution,
write None.
1. 4a2 – 8x + 1 = 0 ______________________________________
2. 9r2 + 6r = 1 ______________________________________
3. -2n2 + 3n + 5 = 0 ______________________________________
4. a(5a - 3 ) = 2(a2 + 5) ______________________________________
𝑝 2
5. p2 + = ______________________________________
3 3
Activity 2
A. Find the roots of each of the following using the quadratic formula.
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