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The tiger (Panthera tigris) is the largest extant cat species and a member of the genus Panthera. It is most
recognisable for its dark vertical stripes on orange-brown fur with a lighter underside. It is an apex
predator, primarily preying on ungulates such as deer and wild boar. It is territorial and generally a
solitary but social predator, requiring large contiguous areas of habitat, which support its requirements for
prey and rearing of its offspring. Tiger cubs stay with their mother for about two years, before they become
independent and leave their mother's home range to establish their own.

The tiger once ranged widely from the Eastern Anatolia Region in the west to the Amur River basin, and in the
south from the foothills of the Himalayas to Bali in the Sunda islands. Since the early 20th century, tiger
populations have lost at least 93% of their historic range and have been extirpated in Western and Central
Asia, from the islands of Java and Bali, and in large areas of Southeast and South Asia and China. Today's
tiger range is fragmented, stretching from Siberian temperate forests to subtropical and tropical forests on
the Indian subcontinent and Sumatra.

The tiger is listed as endangered on the IUCN Red List. As of 2015, the global wild tiger population was
estimated to number between 3,062 and 3,948 mature individuals, with most of the populations living in small
pockets isolated from each other. India currently hosts the largest tiger population. Major reasons for
population decline are habitat destruction, habitat fragmentation and poaching. Tigers are also victims of
human–wildlife conflict, in particular in range countries with a high human population density.

The tiger is among the most recognisable and popular of the world's charismatic megafaun

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