ADVANCED SPECIAL SUBJECT 1.

3: VERBS: MODAL VERBS & SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT & QUESTION TAGS

PART A. PRACTICE EXERCISES
I. Complete the sentences with the correct question tag.
1. We can’t see him yet, ..............................? 9. Let’s have a picnic on the beach, ..............................?
2. I ought to pay now, ..............................? 10. You love him very much, ..............................?
3. Remember to lock up, ..............................? 11. I’d better not say anything, ..............................?
4. You’d rather wait till next week, ..............................?? 12. We could stay overnight, ..............................?
5. He must be there, ..............................? 13. I think he deserves to be punished, ..............................?
6. It might rain tonight, ..............................? 14. He hardly watches the telly on weekdays, .....................?
7. They had to do it, ..............................? 15. I am still there, ..............................?
8. Don’t tell him about it, ..............................? 16. I am not the one to blame, ..............................?
II. Choose one of the following to complete the sentences.: must have - might have - should have - can't have
1. John .............................. gone on holiday. I saw him this morning downtown.
2. Nobody answered the phone at the clinic. It .............................. closed early.
3. I .............................. revised more for my exams. I think I'll fail!
4. Sarah looks really pleased with herself. She .............................. passed her driving test this morning.
5. I didn't know you were going to Phil's party yesterday. You .............................. told me!
6. I can't believe Jim hasn't arrived yet. He .............................. caught the wrong train.
7. I can't believe Jim hasn't arrived yet. He .............................. caught the correct train.
8. Don't lie to me that you were ill yesterday. You .............................. been ill - Don said you were at the ice hockey match.
9. I don't know where they went on holiday but they bought Euros before leaving they .............................. gone to France
10. His number was busy all night - he .............................. been on the phone continuously for hours.
11. It .............................. been Mickey I saw at the party. He didn't recognize me at all.
III. Choose A, B, C, or D that best completes the sentence
1. Learning foreign languages ............... a lot of time.
A. require B. requires C. have required D. are requiring
2. Meeting you ............... a good chance.
A. is B. are C. were D. have been
3. Women ............... not well-treated in former days.
A. is B. are C. were D. was
4.  Beautiful white teeth ............... to make our smile more attractive.
A. help B. helps C. is helping D. was helping
5. Children ............... good care from their parents.
A. need B. needs C. are needing D. is needing
6. Look! The cattle ............... on the meadow.
A. has grazed B. have grazed C. is grazing D. are grazing
7. Many people claim that health ............... more important than wealth.
A. are B. is C. have been D. has been
8. The fishing boat sank but luckily all the crew ............... able to save themselves.
A. have been B. is C. are D. were
9. Wealth ............... to the possession of a large amount of money, property, or other valuable things.
A. refer B. are referring C. is referring D. refers
10. The news from the destroyed villages ............... so bad.
A. was B. were C. are D. have been
11. Measles ............... a dangerous disease for pregnant women.
A. have B. are C. is D. were
12. Rickets ............... popular among some countries in Africa.
A. is B. are C. were D. have been
13. Of all high school courses, mathematics ............... to be difficult.
A. consider B. have considered C. are considered D. is considered
14. Economics ............... at high school.
A. is not taught B. are not taught C. do not teach D. does not teach
15. John’s information ............... us a lot.
A. help B. has helped C. have helped D. were helping
16. The furniture ............... so expensive that we had to save for three months to buy it.
A. are B. is C. was D. were
17. The bad news ............... her so shocked that she falls unconscious
A. make B. has made C. have made D. are making
18. The Philippines ............... 7,107 islands is the western Pacific Ocean.
A. comprises B. comprise C. is comprising D. are comprising
19. The Netherlands ............... a parliamentary democratic constitutional monarchy, located in Western Europe.
A. is B. are C. has been D. have been
20. There ............... a book, a pen, and three pencils on the table.
A. is B. are C. were D. has
21. There ............... three pencils, a pen, and a book on the table.
A. is B. are C. was D. have
22. Four times four divided by two ............... eight.
A. makes B. make C. have made D. are making
23. Two-fifths of the troops ............... in the battle last year.
A. have lots B. loses C. was lost D. were lost
24. Two-fifths of the vineyard ............... by fire last night.
A. destroys B. destroy C. was destroyed D. were destroyed
26. The number of students attending the lecture yesterday ............... one hundred and twenty-two.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
27. Four years ............... a required time for a student to complete his university education
A. is B. are C. has been D. were
28. One thousand dollars ............... really a large sum of money for me.
A. is B. are C. were D. have been
29. The secretary and cashier of our club ............... Ms. Young.
A. is B. are C. were D. have been
30. Each student and each teacher ............... ready for the school activities.
A. are B. is C. have been D. were
31. Each and every student and instructor in this institute ............... for a new facility by next year.
A. hope B. hopes C. are hoping D. were hoped
32. Rice and chicken, my favorite dish, ............... by my mother.
A. has usually cooked B. have usually been cooked
C. are usually cooked D. is usually cooked
33. The members and the chairman ............... together recently.
A. meets B. are just meeting C. have just met D. has just met
34. My sisters and Susan ............... friends since they met together at the party.
A. have become B. has become C. is becoming D. comes
35. My friends and my mother ............... each other.
A. not likes B. does not like C. is not liking D. do not like
36. Your pair of trousers ............... in the closet.
A. is B. are C. were D. have been
37. I think the behaviors of that young man ............... not acceptable
A. is B. are C. was D. has been
38. The way of life in small villages far from big cities ............... mostly quiet because there ............... few people.
A. is/ is B. are/ are C. is/ are D. are/ is
39. Either my father or my brothers ............... the house.
A. sells B. has sold C. are going to sell D. is selling
40. Neither the employees nor the boss ............... the solution.
A. find B. have found C. has found D. are finding
41. John or you ............... our grandfather next weekend.
A. visits B. is going to visit C. are going to visit D. visited
42. Not only the students but also their instructor ............... to the principal’s office.
A. is calling B. call C. have been called D. has been called
43. Michael, along with his brothers and support team, ............... many major cities around the world every year.
A. visits B. visit C. is visiting D. are visiting
44. Kara, together with her teammates, ............... hands with opponents on the basketball court.
A. shake B. is shaking C. are shaking D. have shaken
45. Peter, as well as my two brothers, ............... football in the school yard every afternoon.
A. often plays B. often play C. plays often D. have often played
46. Most of the milk ............... bad except three bottles of milk which ............... still in the refrigerator.
A. have gone/ are B. has gone/ is C. have gone/ is D. has gone/ are
47. It ............... not the faculty members but the president who ............... this issue.
A. was/ decide B. is/ decides C. was/ have decided D. is/ decide
48. The department members, but not the chairman, ............... not to work on Valentine’s Day.
A. wants B. want C. is wanting D. are wanting
49. Anyone who wants to pursue higher education ............... to pass entrance exams.
A. has B. have C. is having D. are having
50. More than one student ............... to do those mathematical puzzles which ............... by the teacher last week.
A. has tried/ was given B. have tried/ were given
C. has tried/ were given D. have tried/ was given
PART B. USE OF ENGLISH
1. PHRASAL VERBS WITH ‘’UP”
1.1. Complete each sentence with the correct form of one of the verbs below and ‘’UP’’. Use each verb once
only.
build - cheer - grow – liven - put - shoot - speak - stand - fill - heal - hurry – lock – ring - save – seal – tidy – beat –
call - crop - light - own - food - pull - speed - split bottle – dig - freshen - polish - screw - tighten
1.  I'm not tall enough to reach. Can you …………………………… this poster for me?
2. Why are you so miserable? ……………………………! Things can’t be that bad!
3. When the headmaster came in, most of the pupils …………………………… but a few remained seated.
4. The party was really boring so I suggest some games to …………………………… it ……………….. .
5. After a long illness, it takes some time to …………………………… your strength.
6. She's a bit deaf so you’ll have to ……………………………. .
7. I was born in Washington but I …………………………… in New York.
8. The weather’s been so bad that the price of strawberries has ……………………………. . 
9.  Why are you walking so slowly? We’ll have to …………………………… or we’ll be late.
10. You've got my number so you can …………………………… me ………………. if you have any problems.
11. It was a deep wound so it took some time to ……………………………. .
12. It's a long journey so remember to …………………………… the petrol tank before you go.
13. If you're worried about things falling out of the parcel, you’d better use some strong tape to …………… it …………. .
14. He was such a dangerous prisoner that they …………………………… him …………... in a room and put a guard outside.
15. She was finally able to buy the bicycle after she’d …………………………… enough money.
16. You’ll be able to find everything if you …………………………… your room. 
17. At first the coach went quite slowly but it began to …………………………… as we got onto the motorway.
18. The fireworks exploded in all their colors and …………………………… the sky.
19. The phone never stopped ringing as her friends kept …………………………… her …………… to congratulate her.
20. It was a really violent attack. The robbers ………………… him ……………  so badly that he had to be treated in hospital.
21. The car suddenly came towards us. It …………………………… in front of the store and Andre Agassi got out!
22. I won't be able to go out tonight because a problem has just …………………………….
23. If the person who broke the window doesn’t ……………………………, the whole class will be punished.
24. 60 people arrived to look for the missing girl. They ………………… into groups of 4 of 5 and went off in many
directions.
25. The press always looking for Scandal. They are trying to …………………………… information about his past.
26. You could tell that she wasn't happy about the news by the way she …………………………… her face in disapproval.
27. He hasn't spoken Spanish for ages so he wants to …………………………… it …………… before his holiday.
28. I can tell you’re upset. Don't …………………………… your feelings. It’ll only make things worse.
29. That’s the third break-in this month. We must …………………………… security to prevent any more.
30. Where's the ladies’ room? I need to …………………………… before we go into the restaurant.
1.2. Match one half of the dialogue on the left with the other half on the right. write your answers in the boxes.
1.Why are they so tired this morning? A. Well, I didn't make it, so don't expect me to clear it up!
2. Why have you set your alarm for five o’clock? B. Of course! I’ll back you up. Let's go and see the manager.
3. Joe’s missed a lot of lessons. C. I'm afraid not. I've used it all up.
4. Lucy’s very polite, isn't she? D. Of course not. You’ll have to dress up.
5. Look at the mess all over the floor! E. Yes. It’ll be very hard for him to catch up.
6. Can I wear jeans this evening? F. Because I have to get up early.
7. Will you support me if I complain about the food? G. Because they stayed up late watching television.
8. Is there any milk left? H. Yes. She’s being very well brought up.
9. I don't know which one is which. Do you? I. No, drink up! It's time to go.
10. Can I have an ice cream? J. Yes. They've blown up the Central Bank.
11. I can’t understand this word. K. Only if you eat up all your vegetables.
12. My French is very good. L. All right. And I’ll wash up afterwards.
13. Have you heard about the terrorist attack? M. Why don't you go to evening classes to brush up?
14. What shall I do about this letter asking for N. No. It's very easy to mix them up, isn’t it?
money? O. Well look it up!
15. Shall we have another drink? P. I'd tear it up if I were you.
16. Would you like me to cook the meal this evening?
1.3.  Complete each sentence with the correct form of one of the verbs given and ‘’UP’’. Use each verb TWICE.
come          give          go          make          pick         put         set          take
1. The hotels were all full so we offered to ……………………… Carla ……………… for the night.
2. Early that morning, we set up on our journey as the sun was …………………………… .
3. An enquiry was ……………………... into the use of chemicals in farming.
4. You’re such a good singer that you should ………………………  it …………… professionally.
5. Are you coming or not? please ……………………... your mind!
6. We managed escape before the factory ……………………... in flames.
7. Do you know any Turkish? I ……………………...  a bit while I was on Holiday in Istanbul.
8. Tony’s free time was important and he resented having to ……………... some of it ………………... to help with the
shopping.
9. I've decided to ……………………... your offer of a part-time job.
10. As the home team came out onto the field a cheer ……………………... from their supporters.
11. He was supposed to be a very violent man but he didn't ………………... much of a fight when the police caught him.
12. - Where do you want me to put the computer and printer? - Could you ……………………... them …………… in that
corner?
13. I’ll give you a lift. If you wait on the corner, I’ll ……………………… you ……………… at 6 o’clock.
14. When they realized that nobody could possibly have survived the explosion, they decide to ………………... the search.
15. Was that Story true, or was she ……………………… it all ……………?
16. Has Isabelle said anything about me? - Well your name ……………………... in the course of conversation last night.
1.4. Complete the blanks in the definitions with the verbs below. Use each verb once only.
back – brush – dig – screw – beat – cheer - freshen  - stay – below – crop – mix – tighten - bottle - dress - own
1. If children ………………… to watch television, they don’t go to bed at the normal time.
2. People who ………………… their emotions try to controls them and not show they are feeling.
3. If you tell someone to …………………, you want them to stop being so miserable.
4. If you ………………… to something wrong, you admit you were the person who did it.
5. When terrorists ………………… a bridge, they destroy it with an explosion.
6. People who ………………… you ………… hit or kick you and hurt you badly.
7. When you …………………, you wash and make yourself look more presentable.
8. If you ………………… to go to the party, you wear very smart clothes.
9. If you ………………… two people or things, you can’t tell the difference between them.
10. When you ………………… your Spanish, you improve it.
11. If you ………………… your face, you twist a part of it to show disapproval.
12. When you ………………… someone ……………, you give them help and support.
13. When you ………………… security, you make it stricter.
14. Problems which ………………… appear unexpectedly.
15. If you ………………… information, you discover something that had been kept secret.
2. IDIOMS
2.1. Use the following words and expressions to complete these sentences (Some phrases are redundant)
reinforce side-tracked a bit of a gamble
surrounded taken off play your cards right
gaining ground on at a crossroads a lousy hand
bombarded a dead-end job I wouldn't put money on it
joined forces right off the rails something up your sleeve
give up without a fight going nowhere fast the chips are down
see past the end of his nose no turning back knows the ropes
made myself perfectly clear running out of steam all in the same boat
opened your eyes follow in his father's footsteps on course
saw through arrived wrecked
through my eyes show your hand run a tight ship
saw reason the luck of the draw on board
eyes wide open at stake it's all hands on deck
see the point against all the odds wait for the storm to pass
in a rut on the cards bluff my way
light at the end of a toss-up hit the jackpot
coming or going you win some, you lose some on the road to recovery
go our separate ways take my chances short-cut to success
1. Sales are up! That means we're definitely ………………… our main competitors. They'll soon be trying to take us over!
2. It looks as if we are going to be closed down. We don't want to ………………… so why don't we try to organize a
management buy-out?
3. Our image is too old-fashioned. We need to modernize our product range in order to ………………… our market
position. Otherwise, we'll lose it!
4. It was obvious that Smiths would close down. They were ………………… by big modern supermarkets with more
buying power.
5. In order to expand in the Middle East, we've ………………… with a company who have been working successfully in
the region for over 20 years.
6. The new advertising campaign has been a huge success. We've been ………………… with thousands of new enquiries.
7. Why do you want me to complain? I can't …………………
8. I thought I'd …………………, but I still ended up with the mushroom pizza when I ordered the ham and mushroom!
9. Try to see the situation ………………… I simply can't afford to spend £1,000 on a holiday.
10. Jane and Fred are both in their forties so they're going into marriage with their …………………
11. It took a long time to persuade Pete, but he finally …………………
12. My boss is really selfish and small-minded. He can't …………………
13. Look, you need to change your job. They're paying you peanuts! They make you work all hours. It's time you
………………… and looked for something better.
14. I knew all Justin's stories were exaggerated. I ………………… him the first time I met him.
15. I've been doing the same job for 15 years. I think I'm ………………… I need a change.
16. I've got so much work on my desk. I'm really confused. I don't know whether I'm …………………
17. It's been a very difficult year, but I'm happy to say there now seems to be some …………………
18. Our partnership didn't last. In the end we agreed to …………………
19. Hard work, long hours, and lots of worry. When you are trying to build up a business, I'm afraid there's no
…………………
20. I'm feeling much better now thanks. I'm well …………………
21. Sorry it took so long. I got …………………
22. She's getting frustrated. Her career hasn't really ………………… yet.
23. Once you've made your decision, you realise there's ………………… don't you?
24. I can't make up my mind. It's either stay where I am or apply for a job abroad. I seem to be ………… in my present
job.
25. His father's a doctor and it's obvious Harry's going to …………………
26. I'm doing my best, but everything I do seems to involve ringing someone who's either on holiday this week or out
of the office. I feel as if I'm …………………
27. Bill's wife died last year. I'm afraid he just hasn't come to terms with it yet. And now he's started drinking. I'm
afraid he's just gone …………………
28. There's no prospect of promotion. I'm in …………………
29. Now he's been given a company car, he thinks he's really …………………
30. I just don't have the enthusiasm I used to have. I'm …………………
31. The half-year figures are looking very good. I'd say we were ………………… for the best year in our company's
history.
32. It's not just you that's worried about redundancy. We're …………………
33. Is this your first day here? Well, don't worry. If you have any questions, ask Di. Nobody ………………… like her. She's
been here for over 20 years!
34. I'm afraid we've got four people off sick this morning, so, …………………
35. We're in the middle of a world recession. Interest rates are too high and consumer confidence is at an all-time low.
Let's just keep calm and …………………
36. Miss Blake and her team of accountants make sure that not one penny is wasted. They …………………
37. When you get new customers …………………, keep them!
38. All our planning of the past few months has been …………… by the new MD, who has decided that nothing will
change.
2.2. Match the two parts of the dialogues below:
1. Why doesn't Steve ever listen to other people's point a. > Yes. It was a real eye-opener, wasn't it? I never knew
of view? he could get so angry!
2. Did you see the way Simon spoke to his wife? b. > It's easy to say that with hindsight.
3. Not you again! What do you want? c. > Because he's blinkered, that's why.
4. We should never have bought this car. It's been d. > Ah! Now I get the picture.
nothing but trouble. e. > Let me have a look. Yes, I see what you mean.
 5. Oh, so you didn't know that Jill got the job because her f. > I want to clear up the misunderstanding we had
dad knows the Director. earlier.
6. These instructions are incomprehensible.
2.3. Fill in each blank with an idiomatic expression
a. I'm sure the bank will bail us out. b. We ought to be pulling together.
c. It's like rats leaving a sinking ship. d. Don't rock the boat.
e. We're just going to have to weather the storm. f. They're just about on the rocks.
g. There's going to be a mutiny. h. It's uncharted territory for us.
1. Look, I'm not going to be treated like this any longer. I've had enough!
> Now calm down _______________________________________________
2. Our cash-flow problem is getting serious. In fact, we've reached a crisis.
> Don't worry __________________________________________________
3. I think the new range is going to do well in the South American market.
> Yes, but let's take it slowly _________________________________________
4. They can't cut our holidays and our overtime rate! It's just ridiculous in this day and age! The whole staff is furious!
> You're right ___________________________________________________
5. I don't think that Maxi media are going to survive, do you?
> No, I agree. From what I've heard _____________________________________
6. Business is still very poor. Everyone is reporting a 15% downturn this year. I don't know what we can do about it.
> No, I think ______________________________________________________
7. There are too many people in this company with different ideas. We really ought to agree about where we're going.
> Yes, I think ______________________________________________________
8. Have you heard the rumors about Maxwell's? Their best staff have gone.
> Yes, everyone's trying to get out ________________________________________
3. COLLOCATION & IDIOMS
3.1. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences
1. The technological advances ______ birth to the Industrial Revolution, which was the transition to new manufacturing
processes in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840.
A. took B. gave C. had D. made
2. A number of the kids in my classroom come from ______ homes.
A. broken B. damaged C. hurt D. separated
3. After a _____ divorce from his wife of 20 years, the actor married a woman young enough to be his daughter.
A. hostile B. unhappy C. bitter D. normal
4. An ______ family is a family consisting of parents like father, mother, and their children, aunts, uncles, and cousins, all
living nearby or in the same household.
A. nuclear B. loving C. close-knit D. extended
5. His parents died in a car accident 3 years ago and he has been ______ up by his grandparents since then.
A. grown B. brought C. taken D. made
6. A ______ mother is the woman who gives birth to a child, regardless of whether she is the genetic mother or
subsequently brings up the child.
A. step B. adoptive C. birth D. law
7. She decided to quit the job despite its high salary because she was not on good ______ with her boss.
A. terms B. well C. relations D. relationships
8. John had a ______ childhood, growing up with happily married parents with three brothers.
A. carefree B. careful C. careless D. troubled
9. My aunt’s going through a ______ divorce; she’s paying a fortune in legal fees.
A. bitter B. messy C. mutual D. carefree
10. Some women choose to ______ an abortion rather than care for a severely disabled child.
A. have B. give C. get D. A and C
11. A judge might ______ sole custody to the mother, and the father has to pay child support.
A. reward B. award C. receive D. accept
12. He is a ______ boy in the family and his parents always give him everything he wants.
A. blue-eyed B. naked-eyed C. black sheep D. spoiled
13. My sister ______ pregnant immediately after she got married.
A. took B. gave C. had D. got
14. ______ is the fact of someone having been born into a family that belongs to the highest social class.
A. Cold blood B. Blue blood C. Bad blood D. Fresh blood
15. My son is making a diagram of our family ______ for a school project.
A. background B. tree C. root D. roof
16. My wife is pregnant with twins. They are ______ in February.
A. come B. date C. due D. here
17. If you are unable to meet the legal and moral responsibilities of parenthood, you may give the baby _____ adoption.
There are professional adoption services and agencies to help you find a loving forever home for your baby.
A. up for B. in for C. out of D. up to
18. Sally was granted sole ______ of the children from her first marriage.
A. keeping B. custody C. guardian D. adoptive
19. The celebrity wrote a book about his ______ family.
A. debilitated B. defective C. dysfunctional D. effective
20. They have three biological children and two ______ children.
A. adopted B. adoptive C. adopting D. adoptable
3.2. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences
1. Everyone in my community ______ to help those impacted by the hurricane.
A. joined hands B. joined hand C. gave hand D. gave a hand
2. After marriage, Mrs. Hoa always keeps good ______ with her mother in law.
A. association B. relation C. friendship D. relationship
3. We always split the housework equally – my mom cooks, my dad cleans the house and I do the washing-up.
A. join B. break C. share D. pick up
4. She decided to find a job to earn money instead of just living at home and being a housekeeper.
A. lend B. make C. borrow D. raise
5. Every individual should take responsibility for participating to protect environment.
A. give B. assume C. make D. create
6. It is advisable that everyone in family share the household duties.
A. views B. ideas C. jobs D. chores
7. We take ______ in doing the washing-up, cleaning the floor and watering the flowers.
A. turn B. out C. around D. turns
8. To Hoa, her father is the greatest person in the world and he always sets a good ______ for her.
A. role B. behavior C. example D. action
9. Make ______ he’s honest before you lend him any money.
A. sure B. believe C. haste D. ready
10 My mother and I often go to the supermarket to shop for ______ at weekends.
A. cook B. groceries C. the chores D. heavy lifting
11. Today is a day I shall not forget in a ______.
A. hurry B. debt C. huff D. flutter
12. When his wife gave birth to a baby boy, Mr. Nam became the sole ______.
A. housemaid B. housekeeper C. father D. breadwinner
13. You’ve been so kind to me that I ought to be ______ to make any sacrifice for you.
A. glad B. willing C. pleased D. happy
14. ______ is a person who works at home and takes care of the house and family.
A. Breadwinner B. Homemaker C. Servant D. Houseman
15. My parents always wish me to win a place at this university, but they never put pressure ______ me.
A. under B. on C. at D. in
16. Mr. Hoang found it difficult to be in charge of the household ______.
A. financial B. financially C. finances D. financier
17. My wife is going on her business next week so I have to ______ most of the chores around the house.
A. distribute B. hold C. take D. handle
18. In my family, my father always takes charge of doing the ______ lifting.
A. strong B. hard C. heavy D. huge
19. There are many people that: “men build the house and women make it ______” but I don’t agree with them.
A. the home B. house C. home D. the house
20. I wish you’d ______ the effort to get on with her.
A. make B. try C. attempt D. do
3.3. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences
1. The relationship is on the ______ and the couple seems unable to find ways to resolve their differences.
A. stones B. rocks C. land D. grounds
2. The prince asked for her ______ in marriage in an elaborately planned proposal in the yacht.
A. hand B. arms C. finger D. hands
3. They are a match ______ in heaven. They cannot stand being away from each other for even a single day.
A. done B. taken C. held D. made
4. We are quick to kiss and ______. We made sure arguments make us stronger, not weaker.
A. make-up B. makeup C. make up D. making up
5. Grandpa ______ sweet nothings in grandma’s ears while they were seated in the porch overlooking the lake.
A. whistled B. twisted C. whispered D. wished
6. They say it is just ______ love. The high-school sweethearts say it is true love.
A. doggy B. dogged C. puppy D. doggish
7. He’s head over ______ in love with Sue! He’s totally hung up on her.
A. heels B. knees C. toes D. shoulder
8. When are you and Jenny going to ______ the knot? – This year, but we haven’t set a date yet.”
A. trip B. tie C. cut D. bring
9. I ______ up a friendship with John while we were on a business trip together.
A. struck B. drove C. strike D. took
10. She found out that he’d been cheating ______ her for a long time.
A. on B. in C. at D. off
11. It’s a good place for buying something special for your significant ______.
A. others B. other C. another D. one
12. Maybe you and I go ______ years because I remember I used to fight with you.
A. up B. down C. on D. back
13. Later that year she met Adam and she knew instantly that they were ______.
A. soul mates B. classmates C. roommate D. schoolmates
14. We had similar ideas about the show, and the two of us ______ it off right away.
A. put B. hit C. call D. take
15. She’s having an ______ with a married man. She’s aware of what she is doing but she can’t stop it.
A. affair B. matter C. problem D. issue
16. If love that you feel for someone is ______, it is not felt in the same way by the other person.
A. requited B. unrequited C. required D. unrequited
17. He really cares about me or he’s just leading me ______?
A. up B. in C. on D. over
18. I didn’t think Larry and Patricia had anything in _____, but they talked all evening.
A. common B. popular C. normal D. same
19. Some guy ______ on me while I was standing at the bar.
A. bit B. hit C. nit D. kit
20. Do you believe in love at first sight? That’s when two people meet each other and immediately fall in love –
perhaps because they have strong ______ - this expression describes strong compatibility or connection between two
possible romantic partners.
A. Physics B. chemistry C. biography D. history
3.4. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1. The couple had been living in a ______ relationship for eight years and they didn’t feel the attraction of each other.
A. solid B. stable C. secure D. balanced
2. She knew he was attracted to her, but preferred to keep their relationship ______.
A. platonic B. bright C. pure D. naïve
3. ______ talk is a serious conversation between two people, usually close friends, in which they talk honestly about
their feelings.
A. Heart-and-heart B. Heart-to-heart C. Heart-or-heart D. Heartly
4. His youngest daughter was the ______ of his eye.
A. apple B. honey C. strawberry D. sweet
5. Only the time will health the rift between the two families.
A. peach B. breach C. beach D. reach
6. Jane arranged for me to go on a/an ______ date with a guy from her office.
A. blind B. group C. online D. speed
7. Parents are always willing to lend a sympathetic ______ to their children when they have problems.
A. hand B. ear C. eye D. paw
8. This is a classic work of literature. It has stood the ______ of time.
A. exam B. check C. test D. length
9. I don’t know what to say to break the ______ with someone I’ve just met at the party.
A. air B. ice C. leg D. rule
10. We sprang to Mary’s ______ when she was accused of doing wrong.
A. defense B. insurance C. security D. safety
11. Gary didn’t always ______ eye to eye with his father, and this is where the honesty shows through.
A. watch B. look C. find D. see
12. Don’t be afraid to take the ______ and say what you think.
A. initiatives B. initiation C. initiative D. initiate
13. They were ever lovers, but now he makes a stranger of her. They are ______ strangers.
A. total B. quite C. complete D. quiet
14. I’m now reconciled with two of my estranged siblings – not just my older brother, but my sister, whom I hadn’t
spoken to for 17 years.
A. contactable B. harmonized C. opposed D. truthful
15. Students are advised to tune out distractions and focus on study.
A. avoid B. stop C. neglect D. regard
16. I actually don’t like John’s girlfriend, but I still work ______ a relationship.
A. on B. in C. at D. out
17. I never expected that he would abuse the ______ I placed in him
A. confidence B. trust C. expectation D. belief
18. Don’t ______ your love to your friends unless you know they feel the same way.
A. confess B. conceal C. consend D. confide
19. Sir, we have politely asked you to leave – please don’t make a ______.
A. mess B. allowance C. mistake D. fuss
20. Friendship is love without its wings and a friend in ______ is a friend indeed.
A. danger B. need C. short D. sum
3.5. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1. She _____ agreed to go with him to the football match although she had no interest in the game at all.
A. apologetically B. grudgingly C. shamefacedly D. discreetly
2. On the way to Cambridge yesterday, the road was blocked by a fallen tree, so we had to make a _____.
A. deviation B. digression C. detour D. departure
3. Tom’s normally very efficient but he’s been making a lot of mistakes _____.
A. of late B. for now C. in a while D. shortly
4. I know it’s difficult but you’ll just have to _____ and bear it.
A. laugh B. smile C. grin D. chuckle
5. I didn’t want to make a decision_____, so I said I’d like to think about it.
A. in one go B. there and then C. at a stroke D. on and off
6. We are not in a _____ hurry so let’s have another coffee.
A. dashing B. racing C. rushing D. tearing
7. She’s a bit down in the _____ at the moment - her husband has just lost his job.
A. world B. dumps C. heart D. bottom
8. “How did you know that he was lying?” - “It was just a _____ feeling.”
A. faint B. gut C. slight D. vain
9. The new company had been _____ with one problem after another and looked as if it were about to go under.
A. glorified B. tainted C. fraught D. bewildered
10. Mike decided that election to the local council would provide a _____ to a career in national politics.
A. milestone B. springboard C. highway D. turning point
11. As a poet, I think she _____ comparison with the greatest this century.
A. stands B. makes C. leads D. matches
12. We all have to follow the rules, and none of us is _____ the law.
A. beyond B. over C. above D. onto
13. When disaster_____, organisations such as Oxfam quickly provide help.
A. comes B. approaches C. arrives D. strikes
14. The number of people traveling by air has been growing _____.
A. by leaps and bounds B. from time to time C. slow but sure D. by hook and crook
15. Drug-taking is a crime which society simply cannot _____.
A. approve B. acknowledge C. consent D. condone
16. I was scared _____ when I looked down from the top of the cliff.
A. tight B. stiff C. hard D. solid
17. The whereabouts of the exiled president remains a _____ guarded secret.
A. highly B. closely C. deeply D. entirely
18. We should all _____ when advertisers attempt to use unfair practices.
A. make a stand B. make a comeback C. make amends D. make a deal
19. The company cannot accept _____ for injuries resulting from improper use of rental equipment.
A. validity B. liability C. compensation D. privilege
20. Jack never cheats or tricks anybody when he plays. He always goes by the _____.
A. book B. instructions C. principles D. method
3.6. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1. Recent defeats have _____ his confidence in himself as a player
A. undermined B. disable C. impeded D. hampered
2. People turned out in _____ to watch the parade on the Independence Day.
A. volume B. mass C. force D. bulk
3. Not being able to find my phone number is a pretty _____ excuse for not contacting me.
A. fragile B. frail C. faint D. feeble
4. We were under no _____ about how difficult it would be to achieve our aims.
A. fantasies B. daydreams C. illusions D. deceptions
5. The pollution problems in the town have been _____ by mass tourism in the summer months.
A. exacerbated B. developed C. augmented D. contributed
6. I'm in a bit of a _____ as to what to wear to the wedding.
A. loss B. quandary C. problem D. bewilderment
7. The problem _____ because neither side was prepared to compromise.
A. amassed B. escalated C. proliferated D. enhanced
8. The Red Cross is _____ an international aid organization.
A. intriguingly B. intrusively C. intrinsically D. intrepidly
9. I couldn't stop myself from _____ with boredom during the lecture.
A. sighing B. gasping C. panting D. blowing
10. My brother found it impossible to _____ his anger and started shouting.
A. restrict B. inhibit C. reserve D. contain
11. Fitting together the thousands of fragments of the broken vase was a long and _____ task.
A. minute B. careful C. painstaking D. minuscule
12. You’ll just have to _____ yourself to the fact that you can’t always have what you want.
A. acknowledge B. reconcile C. concede D. allow
13. The students had no money left and took out a loan to _____ him over until the end of term.
A. last B. tend C. keep D. tide
14. Money was short and people survived by _____ and saving.
A. scrimping B. scavenging C. scouring D. scrounging
15. Jane was terribly nervous before the interview but she managed to pull herself _____ and act confidently.
A. through B. over C. together D. off
16. This _____ is the timetable for the conference. It may change later
A. conditional B. indefinite C. provisional D. indeterminate
17. She didn’t show even a _____ of emotion when the court found her guilty.
A. gleam B. wink C. flicker D. flash
18. Few people can do creative work unless they are in the right _____ of mind.
A. trend B. frame C. attitude D. tendency
19. It was decided that the cost of the project would be _____ and so it was abandoned.
A. repressive B. prohibitive C. restrictive D. exclusive
20. I didn't really feel like memorizing all these definitions. It was only the risk of getting another bad mark that made
me _____ myself.
A. exert B. absorb C. endeavour D. deploy
3.7. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1. In times of _____ unemployment figures usually rise dramatically.
A. austerity B severity C sobriety D. gravity
2. The delight in treasure finding doesn’t always _____ acquiring tremendous amounts of valuables.
A. dwell on B. poke around C. lay about D. hinge upon
3. Let’s _____ the place, it looks so gloomy and unpleasant.
A. miss B. abandon C. depart D. disappear
4. She used the map to discover where she was in _____ to her surroundings.
A. connection B. affinity C. relation D. reference
5. He let it _____ that the Prime Minister was a close friend of his.
A. announce B. talk C. drop D. infer
6. It was a fantastic film. I enjoyed it _____.
A. endlessly B. unendingly C. without end D. no end
7. When the children _____ their toys, I donated them to charity.
A. outlasted B. outdated C. outgrew D. outwore
8. I was in the _____ of despair before I heard the good news.
A. depths B. profundities C. bottoms D. holes
9. When are we going to get rid of all these empty cartons? They've been _____up the office for weeks now.
A. buttering B. clutching C. cluttering D. botching
10. The luxurious office accentuated the manager's position_____. It enhanced his power and his sense of his own
worth. And it made other people feel small.
A. on the pecking pole B. in the nibbling line C. at the nipping post D. in the pecking order
11. The architect has designed a building of immaculate _____ in everything. Every detail is matched on each side.
A evenness B contrast C symmetry D contradiction
12. The vegetation on the island was _____.
A. exuberant B. chivalrous C. overcast D. ingenious
13. We had been looking for the nest for hours before we _____ lucky.
A. hit B. made C. struck D. came
14. We don’t have a secretary _____, but we do have a student who comes in to do a bit of filing.
A. as such B. the least bit C. whatsoever D. little more
15. Despite _____ appearances, he wasn't as crazy as people thought.
A. inward B. outward C. external D. strange
16. I really need some vacations now so that when I come back I can _____ in the operating theatre.
A. thrive B. grow C. proliferate D. spread
17. The first _____ of the ladder is important in your career.
A. step B. grade C. push D. rung
18. After hours and hours trying to solve the problem, I was at my _____ end.
A. nerves' B. wits' C. humours' D. tethers'
19. Her punky hairstyle showed she was not one for following the _____.
A. flock B. herd C. swarm D. group
20. There wasn't a _____ of truth in what he said.
A. ray B. lump C. grain D. pinch
3.8. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1. Ask David to give you a hand moving the furniture. He’s strong as _____.
A. an elephant B. a mountain C. a gorilla D. a horse
2. He didn’t have a _____ of evidence to support his claims.
A. sign B. scrap C. sense D. state
3. It’s the _____ of stupidity to go walking in the mountains in this weather.
A. height B. depth C. source D. matter
4. I know you’re upset about breaking up with Tom, but there are plenty more _____.
A. horses in the stable B. cows in the shed C. tigers in the jungle D. fish in the sea.
5. It must be true. I hear it straight from the _____ mouth.
A. dog’s B. horse’s C. camel’s D. cat’s
6. It's normal for salaries to be paid monthly in _____, meaning you'll need to work four weeks first.
A. advance B. full C. arrears D. debt
7. She is so _____ skinned that nothing offends her.
A. hard B. thick C. strong D. heavy
8. I’ve only met Stephen in a social context - he’s an unknown _____ where work’s concerned.
A. options B. type C. category D. quantity
9. The competition he set up for young musicians is another _____ of his life-long support for the arts.
A. exposition B. manifestation C. token D. exhibition
10. Windows go _____ towards defining the character of a house.
A. a long way B. far out C. all the way D. far away
11. Even the most _____ drivers feel an urge to break the speed-limit occasionally.
A. lawful B. legitimate C. law-abiding D. judicial
12. I am not sure I can answer that. I have only thought about it in the _____ before.
A. general B. hypothetical C. indefinite D. abstract
13. The opposition protests against the government now threaten to get out of _____ and the security forces are likely
to make arrests around the country today.
A. reach B. kilter C. hand D. ordinary
14. I really don’t want to get involved in your problems. Why are you _____ me into it?
A. pulling B. dragging C. wrenching D. towing
15. Everybody was busy with the spring cleaning, except Stanley, who always refused to pull his _____.
A. shocks B. weight C. finger D. share
16. At the time, Mexico was in the _____ of its worst economic recession on record.
A. grip B. tug C. hug D. grab
17. Harry was offered a scholarship to study in Japan and he _____ the opportunity with both hands.
A. grasped B. grabbed C. held D. passed
18. A full scholarship to Harvard & you are worried about leaving your job? You’d be a fool to ____ up a chance like
that.
A. turn B. brush C. pass D. cast
19. He admitted taking a bribe and he doesn’t think he’s _____ his chances of getting re-elected?
A. pulled B. wiped C. thrown D. blown
20. The matter has been left in _____ until the legal ramifications have been explored.
A. recess B. suspension C. abeyance D. waiting
3.9. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1. It was an extremely hostile article which cast _____ on the conduct of the entire cabinet.
A. criticism B. aspersions C. disapproval D. abuse
2. Simon's business has been on the _____ for some time and I understand he's going into liquidation.
A. fire B. rocks C. wave D. clouds
3. We've made some great improvements over the past three months, but we're still not out of the _____.
A. jungle B. bush C. dark D. woods
4. If you had never seen a telly ad, you would be all at _____ with popular culture.
A. crossroads B. distance C. sea D. length
5. I'd been living in this country for a few years, but it wasn't until I had kids that I felt like I had put down _____ here.
A. roots B. seeds C. nuts D. fruits
6. The party was already_____ by the time we arrived. Everyone was singing and dancing.
A. in full swing B. up in the air C. over the moon D. under a cloud
7. The entire staff was thrown off _____ when the news of the takeover was announced.
A. composure B. disarray C. stable D. balance
8. I know you have a good voice and have ambitions to be an opera singer but do not give up your day _____ yet.
A. situation B. work C. job D. place
9. We at Buyrite throw down the _____ to competitors to match us for price, quality and service.
A. mitten B. gauntlet C. sword D. hat
10. Sometimes, we don't appreciate the _____ pleasures of life such as a beautiful sky, a cup of coffee with a friend or
seeing a good film at the cinema.
A. sheer B. simple C. normal D. plain
11. Various ecological issues have come to the _____ since the discovery of the hole in the earth's ozone layer.
A. front B. back C. side D. fore
12. The full horror of the war only hit _____ when we started seeing the television pictures of it.
A. base B. down C. home D. back
13. The most important parts of your job may seem difficult now but they will become second _____ to you within a
couple of weeks.
A. instinct B. thought C. nature D. mind
14. I'm about to start my long-planned swimming regime. But I've got really terrible cellulite, which makes me feel
rather _____.
A. self-assured B. self – centred C. self-conscious D. self-evident
15. The inconsiderate driver was _____ for parking his vehicle in the wrong place.
A. inflicted B. harassed C. condemned D. confined
16. From football to fashion, from TV to stage, we name the _____ stars whose careers are likely to rocket in the future.
A. out and about B. up and coming C. down and out D. in and out
17. Obama expressed regret as a US drone strike has _____ killed innocent hostages.
A. incongruously B. vehemently C. inadvertently D. graciously
18. How do you calculate the distance to the horizon? As a _____, it’s 7 miles + 1 mile per 100 ft above sea level.
A. trick of the trade B. golden rule C. free hand D. rule of thumb
19. Just because we’ve had a good year, this does not mean that we cannot do better: we must not _____.
A. have our head in the clouds B. bury our heads in the sand C. count our blessings D. rest on our laurels
20. The headmaster at my last school was a stern disciplinarian and made sure we _____ the line.
A. drew B. faced C. touched D. toed
4. LEXICOLOGY
4.1. Fill in each blank with an appropriate word form
PASSAGE A. The remains of ancient insects found (1.BED) ………………… in amber indicate that mosquitoes have been
in (2.EXIST) ………………… in much the same form for tens of millions of years. Of the 3,500 different species of
mosquito are harmless and a few carry out activities that are (3.BENEFIT) ………………… for humans, but for the most
part they are feared and (4.WANT) ………………… pests due to the role they play in the (5.TRANSMIT) ………………… of
disease. Some types of female mosquito feet on the blood of humans and animals and, in the process, can pass on
various viruses or parasites in their victims. Mosquito - borne diseases kill millions of people annually. (6.THERE)
………………… tackling this problem is clearly of paramount importance. Attempting to (7.MINIMUM) ………………… the
amount of standing water in the area can help, although even the stagnant water found in holes in tree trunks or plant
pots provides a more than (8.SATISFY) ………………… breeding ground for the insects. Another approach that has
proved to be (9. REMARK) ………………… effective in parts of Africa is for people to sleep under the
nets(10.PREGNANT) ………………… with insecticide, and so providing such nets has become a priority for many
charities.
PASSAGE B. As the Brazilian international plane banked over the Amazonian rainforest, (1. BOTANY) …………………
Ghillean Prance gazed at the dark-green canopy below: an expanse of trees almost ( 2. BREAK) …………………for 2.5
million square miles, with more (3. VARY) ………………… of plant and animal life than any other place on earth. Few
(4.OUT) ………………… knew more about the rainforest and its ecosystem than Prance. He had just been appointed (5.
DIRECT) …………………of (6.GRADUATE) ………………… studies at the National Amazonian Research Institute in Manaus,
the Amazonian region’s capital. Before that, as research assistant at and latterly a curator of the (7. PRESTIGE)
…………………New York Botanical Garden, he had spent almost ten years studying the forest. In his research for new
plant specimens he was more used to travelling on foot or by boat. But now, Brazilian (8. GOVERN) …………………
documents showing that a road had been constructed through the Amazon basin had been discovered. On this bright
November morning he was flying out with two other course tutors and 14 botany students to make sure its impact on
the surrounding habitat was not as serious as he feared.
4.2. Think of one word only which can be used appropriately in all three sentences in each group.
1. Having had a ………………… of cruising last winter, he’s been thoroughly bitten by the drug.
You know, this chicken has hardly any ………………… at all!
She always dresses with such ………………… , doesn’t she?
2. The club’s best player seemed to have lost his ………………… , and was beaten by a junior.
I’m fine now, thanks - it was just a rather annoying ………………… of flu.
Do keep in ………………… once you get to Australia, won’t you?
3. I ………………… say that mobile phones will be superseded in due course.
Kim didn’t ………………… to move from her seat while the invigilator was watching her.
How ………………… you threaten me like that!
4. The books dropped to the floor with a surprisingly ………………… thud.
If you’re found guilty, you’ll have to pay a ………………… fine.
Hazel had to drive through ………………… rain on her way home.
5. The missing ………………… of clothing was later discovered in the lost property cupboard.
I first read about McNulty’s new film in a magazine …………………
The ………………… is one of the parts of speech that cause most difficulty to students.
6. Jane has just ………………… twenty, although you’d never think it to look at her.
As the evening wore on, the conversation ………………… to football.
The milk in the pantry ………………… rancid in the unaccustomed heat.
7. The opposition party ………………… the government for an answer to their questions.
With great daring I ………………… the button, and the machine started clicking and whirring.
Henry had to have his suit ………………… at the hotel before attending the meeting.
8. You’ll be able to ………………… the audience’s attention if your speech is lively enough.
I realize you’re in agony, but just ………………… on till the doctor gets here.
How many files is that drawer really supposed to …………………?
9. Let's ………………… for lunch now
Are you going to ………………… the news to Marie or shall I?
Gemma will ………………… Rob's heart if she decides to leave town.
10. The children soon lost ………………… in the game
Our savings have not accumulated much …………………
Although they are divorced, Paul's ex-wife retains a legal………………… in his business.
11. The old man could not take………………… food for a couple of days after his operation.
The police say that there is no ………………… evidence that Walter committed the crime.
The figurine was made of ………………… gold.
12. Sweet fizzy drinks are a ………………… cause of tooth decay.
The new government is planning to introduce some………………… changes to the education system.
The comic books he enjoyed as a child are a………………… influence on Henry's work
13. The children's safety is my sole …………………
The business took some time to establish itself but it is now a going …………………
There is increasing public………………… about the state of the country's rail service.
14. Flora felt very ………………… for herself after having her wisdom teeth out.
I know you don't like wearing a cycle helmet but better safe than …………………
It’s a ………………… state of affairs when the city’s roads are completely gridlocked
15. These papers mustn't ………………… into the wrong hands.
Take a scarf - there's a chilly wind and I don't want you to ………………… ill.
Everything seemed to ………………… apart at the seams when Joe left.
16. The old maths teacher always used to ………………… us a lot of homework.
The judge's decision………………… a precedent for similar cases.
I hoped I've managed to ………………… your mind at rest.
17. I can't see the ………………… of going so far for such a short time.
There was a ………………… of excitement in the theatre as the curtain rose.
You are in no………………… obliged to do what she has asked you to do.
18. If you move along a little there’ll be enough ………………… at the table for us all.
Your work is getting better but there is still ………………… for improvement.
There’s a fitting ………………… over there if you want to try anything on.
19. I didn't find the………………… of the film totally convincing, did you?
The science teacher asked the class to ………………… the results of their experiment on a graph.
The police claim to have uncovered a………………… to break into Parliament.
20. Restaurants often use………………… lighting because it is more flattering.
The government was criticised for taking too ………………… a line on crime.
The café sells a wide range of ………………… drinks.
PART C. READING
1. Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap
PASSAGE A. Few inventions have had more scorn and praise (1) ………………… them at the same time than television.
And few have done so much to unite the world into one vast audience for news, sport, information and entertainment.
Television must be (2) ………………… alongside printing as one of the most significant inventions of all time in the (3)
………………… of communications. In just a few decades it has reached (4) ………………… every home in the developed
world and an ever-increasing proportion of homes in developing countries. It took over half a century from the first
suggestion that television might be possible before the first (5) ………………… pictures were produced in laboratories
in Britain and America. In 1926 John Logie Baird’s genius for publicity brought television to the (6) ………………… of a
British audience. It has since (7) ………………… such heights of success and taken on such a pivotal function that it is
difficult to imagine a world (8) ………………… of this groundbreaking invention
1. A. taken over B. heaped upon C. picked on D. given over
2. A. awarded B. rated C. graduated D. assemble
3. A. location B. site C. post D. field
4. A. simultaneously B. actually C. virtually D. substantially
5. A. flaring B. glimmering C. sparkling D. flickering
6. A. attention B. concentration C. initiation D. surveillance
7. A. found B. left C. gained D. reached
8. A. without B. shallow C. bereft D. lacking
PASSAGE B. Fresco painting is the age - old technique which involves painting on damp plaster walls. It is known to
have been used to decorate homes for at least 5,000 years and has probably existed in one form or another for (1)
………………… longer. Its very nature makes it (2) ………………… for adorning large surfaces, which explains its ubiquity
in churches and government buildings. (3) ………………… oil paintings, which are glossy and reflect light, making it
difficult to view them from certain angles, frescoes have a pleasing matt finish. As fresco plaster bleaches relatively
easily, artists do not use as wide a range of pigments as in other types of painting, sticking mainly to pale earth (4)
…………………. Fresco painting is considered to have reached its (5) ………………… in Italy during the Renaissance, with
Michelangelo being perhaps the most famous artist to (6) ………………… this technique. A great many churches in
Europe (7) ………………… wonderful frescoes, while more recently celebrated artists such as the renowned Mexican
muralist Diego Rivera have used the technique to great (8) ………………….
1. A. greatly B. noticeable C. perceptibly D. considerably
2. A. ideal B. pertinent C. relevant D. absolute
3. A. On the contrary B. Unlike C. Conversely D. In reverse
4. A. tones B. tints C. shades D. hues
5. A. summit B. crest C. height D. top
6. A. operate B. enlist C. engage D. employ
7. A. demonstrate B. boost C. expose D. boast
8. A. result B. success C. effect D. reaction
2. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only one word in each space
PASSAGE A. The human mind is like an onion with many layers. The outer layer is our conscious mind, which helps
with our daily decision-making processes working (1) ………………… to the reality principle. It is intelligent, realistic,
logical and proactive, (2) ………………… in new situations where we have to employ rational thought processes to (3)
………………… out what to do and how to do it. However, it can only deal with (4) ………………… five and nine things at
any one time and is easily overloaded. The subconscious or main hidden layer of the onion works (5) …………………
“auto pilot” i.e. reacting according to the pleasure principle in (6) ………………… it seeks to avoid pain and obtain
pleasure and survival, (7) ………………… of external considerations. It is concerned with our emotions, imagination and
memories as well as our autonomic nervous system, which controls our internal organs automatically. (8)
………………… four main functions are very closely interlinked; in other words, the mind affects the body and the body
affects the mind. It is powerful and very clever at dealing with many complex instructions simultaneously, but is not
“intelligent”.
PASSAGE B. In recent years, CCTV cameras have become ubiquitous in some countries such as Britain, (1)
………………… inside public buildings and on the streets. Their presence does seem to have (2) ………………… a modest
effect on crime reduction and, despite some people's concerns about privacy, the cameras appear to be here to stay.
Cameras have also been installed in most police cars in Britain, and the next trend concerning cameras and (3)
………………… enforcement appears to be body - cams for police officers. Pilot schemes to test these cameras are
already (4) ………………… way in some parts of the US and use of the cameras is likely to become more widespread in
the near future. These cameras are worn whenever officers are (5) ………………… duty, and the aim is to benefit
civilians and officers alike. In the event of an officer witnessing an accident, the devices may provide valuable
evidence. What is (6) …………………, the camera records the behavior of the officer and anyone he or she interacts (7)
…………………. This (8) ………………… only ensures the accountability and professional standards of police officers, but
can also defend them against any unfounded accusations of wrongdoing.
3. Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text
PASSAGE A.
Now, I have had, at one time or another, a fair amount of experience in trying to get frightened, irritated or
just plain stupid animals to feed from a bottle, and I thought that I knew most of the tricks. The wildcat kitten I had
proceeded to show me that, as far as it was concerned, I was a meme tyro at the game. It was so lithe, quick and strong
for its size that after half an hour struggling, I felt a total failure. I was covered in milk and blood and thoroughly
exhausted, whereas the kitten regarded me with blazing eyes and seemed quite ready to continue the fight for the
next few days if necessary. The thing that really irritated me was that the kitten had - as I knew to my cost - very well-
developed teeth, and there seemed no reason why it should not eat and drink of its own accord, but, in this stubborn
mood, I knew that it was capable of quite literally starving itself to death.
I decided to try another tack. Perhaps it would eat if I had a companion to show it how. I chose a fat, placid
female tabby cat and carried it back to the garage. Now most wild animals have a very strong sense of territory. In the
wild state, they have their own particular bit of forest or grassland which they consider “their” preserve, and which
they will defend against any other member of their own species that try to encroach. When you put wild animals into
cages, cages become, as far as they concerned, their territory, too. So if you introduce another animal into the cage, the
first inmate will, in all probability, defend it vigorously, and you may easily have a fight to the death on your hands. So
you generally have to employ low cunning. Suppose, for example, you have a large spirited creature and you get a
second animal of the same species, and you want to confine them together. The best thing to do is build an entirely
new cage, and into this you introduce the weaker of the two animals. When it has settled down, you then put the
stronger one in as well. The strong one will, of course, still remain the dominant animal, but as far as it is concerned it
has been introduced into someone else’s territory, and this takes the edge off any potential viciousness.
In this case I was sure that the baby wildcat was quite capable of killing the domestic kitten, if I introduced the
kitten to it instead of the other way round. So, once the tabby had settled down, I seized the wildcat and pushed it,
snarling and raving, into the cage, and stood back to see what would happen. The tabby was delighted. It came
forward to the angry intruder and started to rub itself against its neck, purring loudly. The wildcat, taken aback by this
greeting, merely spat rudely and retreated to a corner. I covered the front of the cage with a piece of sacking and left
them to settle down.
That evening, when I lifted the sacking, I found them side by side, and the wildcat, instead of spitting at me as
it had done up until now, contented itself with merely lifting its lips in a warning manner. I carefully inserted a large
bowl of milk into the cage, and a plate of finely chopped meat and raw egg, which I wanted the wildcat to eat. This was
the crucial test.
 The tabby, purring like an ancient outboard engine, flung itself at the bowl of milk, took a long drink, then
settled down to the meat and egg. To begin with, the wildcat took no interest at all, lying there with half-closed eyes.
But eventually the noise the tabby was making over the meat and egg - it was rather a messy feeder - attracted its
attention. It rose cautiously and approached the plate, as I watched with bated breath. Delicately, it sniffed around the
edge of the plate, while the tabby lifted a face that was dripping with raw egg and gave a mew of encouragement,
slightly muffled by the portion of meat it hag in its mouth. The wildcat stood pondering for a moment and then, to my
delight, sank down by the plate and started to eat. In spite of the fact that it must have been extremely hungry, it ate
daintily, lapping a little raw egg, and then picking up a morsel of meat, which it chewed thoroughly before
swallowing. I knew my battle with the wildcat was won.
1. How did the wildcat make the writer feel?
A. anxious B. inadequate C. cunning D. stubborn
2. The wildcat ______
A. was injured B. couldn’t eat because it had problems with its teeth
C. was dying of starvation D. was capable of starving but wasn’t yet in a state of starvation
3. Why did the writer put the tabby cat in the cage first?
A. to make it aggressive B. the stronger animal will still remain dominant
C. to give it a chance to eat D. to make it the dominant animal
4. How did the wildcat originally react to the tabby?
A. it welcomed it B. it attacked it viciously
C. it made contented noises D. it rejected it
5. Why was the test “crucial”?
A. Because the tabby might have prevented the wildcat from eating B. The wildcat might have attacked the tabby
C. It was the moment that would determine the outcome of the attempt D. The wildcat might have attacked the
writer
6. What can be assumed from the fact that the wildcat ate “daintily”?
A. It wasn’t as hungry as the writer had thought B. It didn’t like the food
C. It felt ease D. It felt self-conscious
PASSAGE B.
It wasn't that Bill was averse to making a bit of money on the side - after all, everyone likes to treat themselves
to something special from time to time - but he drew the line at certain activities.
“Go on mate!” said Marina. “ What can go wrong?” “ You have got no idea, have you?” thought Bill to himself, a
response that he wasn't going to express out loud, being well aware of the futility of such comments as far as Mirina
was concerned.
Impetuous, and as single - mindedly determined as she always was, Marina pushed on with her onslaught,
convinced that, even if Bill were slow to catch on, the voice of reason would, eventually, break through. Then, even
someone like Bill who clearly couldn't be trusted to recognize a golden opportunity when it was staring him in the
face would finally see the light. Obviously to any shortcomings in her persuasive powers, Marine pressed on: “ Just say
the word, and we can get the ball rolling.”
Bill decided that the best course of action for the time being would be to avoid commenting one way or the
other. Marina could make as many assumptions as she liked, but if Bill kept his thoughts to himself, it would probably
be safer than saying anything that Marina could subsequently latch on to and interpret in whatever way suited her
best. Bill understood that Marina, seeing an opportunity for lining her own pockets, was intent on recruiting him as an
accomplice. That would increase her chances of getting away with what would, after all, be a serious violation of trust,
if not actually a crime. He already had a pretty clear idea of how the conversation would go if he actually expressed his
misgivings to Marina.
Bill was aware that Marina had formed a firm impression of their boss, Mr. Portly, as an incorrigible exploiter,
willing to take advantage of anyone he happened to come across. The antiques business was, after all, a trick sea to
navigate. However, a good haul could be made by those who had the experience and knowledge of a master mariner,
so to speak. Mr. Portly was just such a man and he also had a first-rate network of contacts, carefully cultivated over
the decades. This did not, though, in Bill’s opinion, justify the course of action that Marina was contemplating.
What made this whole business more complicated was Marina’s apparent belief that she and Bill were friends
as well as workmates. This was understandable, Bill realized, when he stopped to think about it. After all, who had
actually shown him the ropes when he first came to work here? At that point, Marina had only been there for ten
months herself, but she had taken her role as Bill’s mentor in the world of antique selling very seriously.
Now, Bill could see, he would somehow have to get Marina to change her mind, with subtle hints and
manipulation. He would plant the seeds of doubt in the mind in such a way as to make her convince herself that this
about - turn was both the smart move and a conclusion that she had reached on her own. In this way the whole thing
might be forgotten with Mr. Portly remaining none the wiser. Bill knew that achieving this was going to be anything
but straightforward. Marina had a number of faults, but she certainly wasn't stupid and Bill knew he would have to
tread carefully.
Nevertheless, Bill knew he had to try. After all, he knew something that Marina was almost certainly unaware
of. Bill had been orphaned at the age of 6 and it had been Mr. Portly, a distant relative of Bill’s, who had taken the
young boy under his wing. Okay, the man might have a reputation for shady business practices, but Bill knew that
their boss was always very careful to remain on the right side of the line dividing the illegal from the legitimate. More
importantly to Bill, even if few other people ever saw it, Bill knew that Mr. Portly possessed a genuine streak of
compassion and generosity.
1. The first paragraph implies that Bill doesn’t want to go along with Marina’s plan because 
A. he never enjoys taking risks B. he isn’t sure about what the consequences would be
C. he has moral objections to the plan D. he thinks the plan is unlikely to make them any money
2. Marina apparently believes that Bill
A. has his own plan, which he is kept secret B. will, sooner or later, agree to help her
C. doesn’t understand that she wants his help D. is not someone that she can rely on
3. Why does Bill choose to remain silent?
A. He worries that whatever he says maybe misconstrued B. He is still undecided on whether to take part
C. He finds it difficult to put his feelings into words D. He believes Marina already knows what he is
thinking 
4. The writer uses the phrase “master marina” to 
A. express criticism of Mr. Portly’s business practices B. indicate that Mr. Portly is an experienced navigator
C. suggest Mr. Portly’d be better suited to another line of work D. demonstrate that Mr. Portly knows his business well 
5. Bill hopes he can get Marina to see things from his point of view
A. by demonstrating his intelligence to her B. by getting advice from Mr. Portly
C. by appealing to her spirit of friendship D. without her realizing that this is his aim
6. In the last paragraph, we learned that Mr. Portly
A. isn't concerned about breaking the law B. has some characteristics that most people do not know about
C. avoiding punishment that he deserved  D. would like to be remembered for his good deeds
4. In which section are the following mentioned?
PASSAGE A.
our tendency to overlook reports painting a more balanced picture of the life in the slums 1. ______
the pervasiveness of a particular genre of music in South American slums  2. ______
the indifference some prosperous people display towards the less fortunate 3. ______
an example of someone with humble roots who achieve great success 4. ______
the fact that we should feel revulsion at our current failure to make abject a thing of the past 5. ______
the fact that music doesn't need to sound perfect in order to have benefits 6. ______
a group of musicians who use unconventional instruments 7. ______
the fact that residents of the poorest areas have little chance of improving their lot in life 8. ______
a method of tackling social problems that spread from South America to other parts of the world  9. ______
the tendency of people who are unfamiliar with a place to imagine that life there is better than it is in 10. ______
reality

A. I remember gazing out the window of the bus as it weaved his way through the streets of Rio De Janeiro and
catching a glimpse every now and then of the foot of a towering hill at the end of a side street just off the main bus
route. I saw lush vegetation creeping all the way down and around the city's high-rises, and nestled amidst this
tropical jungle, scaling the hillsides, Rio’s notorious favelas, are slums. Many of those I had met in the relatively
wealthy areas of the city seemed uninterested in or even dismissive of the problems faced by the inhabitants of the
favelas. Couldn't they see that the apathetic urban core was being encroached upon, inch by inch by twin forces: the
jungle and poverty?
B. Rio is not alone in this, although its favelas are perhaps among the best-known examples of the ignominious
realities of poverty around the world. Many, if not all, Latin American mega-cities are surrounded by these sprawling
shanty towns built with little more than salvaged tin, scrap wood and sheets of corrugated iron. And in these
settlements, stepped in squalor and infested with crime, the poor are, for the most part, trapped, left to fend for
themselves with very few opportunities to escape to a better future for themselves or their children. Though known
by different names across the continent (favelas, barrios, villas miserias, banados, or cerros), all share some common
characteristics, and outsiders inevitably tend to focus on the more obvious and less palatable ones, such as the grip of
drugs and crime on this communities. Accounts of the vibrant cultures they foster in the face of the most abject
conditions, cultures to which music, for instance, is central, often fall through the cracks. The average European may
be dimly aware of the sound of salsa which provides a constant backing track to live in the barrio. Imagine his
surprise, however, if he were to hear not salsa, but a few bars of Beethoven instead.
C. Since the mid-1970s, when Venezuelan orchestra conductor, piano, social activist and politician Jose
Antonio Abreu founded the country's National system of Youth and Children's Orchestras, known today simply as El
sistema, many South American slums have become an unlikely hothouse for classical music talent. A tradition has
developed, recently exported to the USA and Europe, of using classical music education to battle the effects of poverty.
Both Abreu and star conductor Gustavo Dudamel, himself a product of El sistema, and now music director of the
prestigious Los Angeles Philharmonic, perceive music as a “social savior”. It is worth noting that “Play and Fight!” was
El sistema's early slogan. More than two million children have tried fighting poverty - induced despair and resignation
through classical music training with El sistema, and many of them have gone on to create a better life for themselves.
D. There is, however, an even more impressive example of how classical music has been used as a social
remedy: opening up for new possibilities and transforming lives by granting them a modicum of beauty. The Cateura
landfill, on the outskirts of Asuncion, in Paraguay, is a potential source of income (albeit a pathetically small income)
for the inhabitants of the surrounding banados, who scrape a living by working in the landfill, picking through the
rubbish for any reusable items or materials which they can sell. Thanks to the vision of a landfill technician and
conductor, and the craftsmanship of a local carpenter, Cateura  is now known for its symphony orchestra, granted one
that uses cellos made from oil drums and violins made from discarded oven trays. The Recycled Orchestra of Cateura
consists of 30 schoolchildren who play their classical repertoire on these instruments made from repurposed rubbish
and, although their music may lack the rich tones of, say, their more conventional Venezuelan counterpart, it
illustrates beautifully how harmony and meaning is a matter of choice, not circumstance.
E. For a tourist on a bus ride across any Latin American metropolist, living conditions in the slums can be
shocking and, it is true that we should be appalled by the persistence of such abject poverty in this day and age.
Nevertheless, without falling into the other trap that tourists are susceptible to - that of romanticizing life in the
colorful barrio - it is worth bearing in mind the stories of this improbable symphony orchestras. They certainly made
my vision of life in the poorest neighborhoods a little richer, more nuanced and, for this, more realistic.
PASSAGE B.
the feeling of being responsible for a death 1. ______
the problem of putting literature into categories 2. ______
another novel referred to in the novel 3. ______
using language in different ways 4. ______
 characters who don’t easily accept change 5. ______
the refusal to embrace the way of life of either of two elders 6. ______
different types of colonies 7. ______
one of the novels being made into a film 8. ______
death playing a role to help a community 9. ______
the difficulty in defining the sub-genre of certain publications 10. ______
A. Both Purple Hibiscus and Once Were Warriors are post-colonial novels, in the sense that they were written, and deal
with subjects of the position of independence as opposed to the colonial state of being in both a universalising sense
and personal one. Purple Hibiscus was published in 2004 and is set in Nigeria, the author Cinamanada Ngozi Adichie’s
homeland. Once Were Warriors was written by a Maori New Zealander, Alan Duff, in 1990 and has since met with
international acclaim through the silver screen. But what has contributed to making this is another lengthy tale. Both
books sit happily on the shelf labelled “postcolonial literature”, but such careless sweeps of the categorising tongue
are exactly what such authors are attempting to avoid. Their works don’t reinforce the boundaries, leaving readers
feeling warm and cosy. Colonialism, precolonialism and a whole set of other blunt “isms” can be argued as being
explored by these authors.
B. That remnants of colonialism and pre-colonialism are present in each text indicates the boundaries between pre-
colonial and colonial states of being are not as established, in a postcolonial existence, as the frame of the words
denote. What are the implications of depicting, potential pre-colonial situations within the colonial tongue? Both Once
Were Warriors and Purple Hibiscus, potentially present colonial and pre-colonial notions of history or histories, but
from different post-colonial positions. With Nigeria having been a colony of occupation, as opposed to the settler
colony of New Zealand, relations between the coloniser and the colonised differ greatly between the two cultural
entities. With the coloniser, potentially, obscuring and abstracting the area between pre-colonial and postcolonial
existences, any pre-colonial notions must always be partly located within a colonial perspective. Nonetheless, the
precolonial uttered in the colonial tongue renders that colonial tongue as being somewhat altered in the process. The
colonial tongue both makes and unmakes itself by using the same tools for different ends. The dragging of heels back
and forth over the hot coals of second-hand languages renders the happy branding of “postcolonial” of those who dare
to make the colonial tongue their own seem like an unrefined broad-brushes attempt to depict the hairline cracks in a
china doll
C. Both texts deal with the uncertainties of the formation and reformation of identities. Working with, yet at the same
time questioning and unsettling, the bildungsroman format, Once Were Warriors and Purple Hibiscus present identities
snacking through notions of pre-colonial identities alongside colonial and postcolonial ones. The certainty of the very
survival of Kambili and Beth in Once Were Warriors seems, to an extent, to be staked on pre-colonial notions of
identity formation. The chief at Beth’s funeral articulates this in sorrow for the young girl’s death; “we are what we
are only because of our past [...] we should never forget our past or our future is lost”. The death of Grace directly
influences Beth to address her situation and that of the individuals in Pine Block. Although Grace’s death is linked to
the rape, Beth, who is unaware of this, questions her involvement in the death of her daughter. “Could I have
prevented it?” echoes out from every movement Beth makes after this. Why does the young girl have to die? Is it to
highlight injustices in the Maori community, to make the community, to an extent, stand up and demand to be heard?
D. Indeed, it is death that stalks the corridors of these two novels. It is the death of Eugene, the “colonial product” in
Purple Hibiscus alongside the death of Papa-Nnukwu the “pre-colonial product” that lead to questions of where to turn
in terms of identity formation. The colonial figure is dead; he doesn’t present ways of being to his children that seem
acceptable to them; he is too violent, too dominating for their generation. But, as well, Papa-Nnukwu, who is adored
by his grandchildren, seems like an inadequate role model to wholly guide the younger generation into futures that
are still in the making
E. By introducing Purple Hibiscus with the sentence “Things fall apart”, Adichie is immediately paying homage to
Chinua Achebe’s same-named novel published in the mid-twentieth century, which depicted a hamlet in Africa on the
eve of nineteenth-century colonialism. Everyday lives and everyday disputes fill page after page. The reader is with
the hamlet when its inhabitants are devastated. We are invited to sit in another seat. To see how it might have felt to
be utterly subjugated by foreigners. The beauty of comparing the two Nigerian novels is in their dealings with
Christianity. Indeed, in Things Fall Apart, church missionaries come to the hamlet to “save them from hell and
damnation” and Okonkwo, the head of the hamlet, is immediately distrustful. He is closed to change as is the Catholic
“colonial product” of Eugene in Purple Hibiscus. The stubbornness each character shows, but towards different ends,
demonstrates the meaninglessness of assertions of power for the sake of assertions of power.
PASSAGE C. In which review are the following mentioned?
a central character who is said to be friendly 1. ______
a character who is not honest with his relatives 2. ______
a director with a part in his own film 3. ______
a film which makes insufficient impact on the eye 4. ______
a lot of money being spent without many obvious gains 5. ______
a production that would have been improved by being shorter 6. ______
a son deals with problems with his parents in an unusual way 7. ______
a story aimed at the youth market 8. ______
a partially successful new version of a popular old movie 9. ______
a true story of a search for a family member 10. ______
a youngster who uses sport to overcome his difficulties 11. ______
an aspect of the film has an educational element 12. ______
the film might be understood to have a different meaning from what was intended 13. ______
the acting rescues an otherwise problematic film 14. ______
the film has its origins in a previously popular television drama 15. ______
A. ‘’Bush Trials’’ This documentary follows the popular lead singer of the band Furry Monsters as he travels through
Australia in search of a long-lost relative, a fellow musician. In the process he acquaints himself with a small
community living in the outback. He stays with them for longer than he intended, forgetting about his relative but
getting to know them and becoming involved in their life. He's a likeable guide, chatting enthusiastically to local
residents and joining them in concerts and table tennis tournaments in their village hall. The film is informative about
Australian histor]y without being too heavy. Does he meet his relative? Well, I recommend you go and watch Bush
Trials and then you'll find out.
B. ‘’Car Heroes’’ This film is intended as a proper action movie for today's youngsters rather than a nostalgia fest for
those of us who remember the 1980s television series. The film proudly shows off its distance from the original in an
irreverent prologue in which the heroes' trademark black van is disposed of in no uncertain terms. Even the fondest
fan would be hard put to argue that the TV show was a cultural landmark worthy of a preservation order and yet I’m
not convinced that this film has any right to be so pleased with itself. Its action scenes are. of course, a lot more
expensive than the TV show's brief shoot-outs but only one of these shows much imagination and so were hardly
worth the expense. Well, that’s how I felt at least
C. ‘’Acing It’’ For this high-budget remake of the 1994 film about a bullied boy who gets his own back by learning
judo, the director has kept to the tried and tested plot while souping up the action to modern standards. The contest
that provides the dimax to the film is now an event of Olympic scale and flamboyance and the fights it features are
certainly more dynamic than before even though the participants are younger. 12-year-olds rather than the original
film's car-driving, party-loving teenagers. The film generally provides decent entertainment. Its mam weakness is that
it drags in places and ends up rather more drawn-out than it needed to be. Nevertheless this is definitely a film you
should consider for a family outing.
D. ‘’Will’’ Made in Scotland by the extraordinarily successful young Canadian director, Jack Fox, this film was not
deliberately made as a parody of cinema pretentiousness although it could certainly be interpreted as such. A teenage
boy escapes from his bad-tempered parents in their dark old castle in the Highlands by climbing into the surrounding
trees and refusing to come down - a lifestyle choice he manages to maintain for several months. Apart from a few
striking moments showing the boy clambering through the forest, it lacks the sort of visual intensity that might have
allowed the film to succeed despite its other shortcomings. Far from seeming noble or poignant, the boy’s tree life
remains just an anti-social teenage sulk. He should be grounded.
E ‘’Red Lake’’ The director of this film also plays its central character: a prison guard and family man. who means well
but can't help keeping secrets from his wife and kids. The big one is that the young ex-convict that he has taken under
his wing is his son from a long-ago relationship, but. curiously perhaps, he's just as unwilling to reveal he's attending
both acting and golf classes. Meanwhile other family members have secrets of their own. The film aims for a balance
between life lessons, drama and farce. This doesn't work particularly well. All the same, it is easy to watch, mainly
thanks to the surprisingly powerful performances of the two main characters.
PART D. WRITING
REWRITE THE SENTENCES USING THE GIVEN WORDS
1. Amanda is the most devious person I’ve ever met. COME
I’ve yet ________________________________________ than Amanda.
2. I’d certainly report that unstable structure to the local authorities. HESITATION
I ____________________________________________ that unstable structure to the local authorities.
3. In order for us to finish the project on time, Robin will have to work as hard as the rest of us. WEIGHT
Robin will have __________________________________ are to finish the project on time.
4. I don’t think the teacher should have criticized one particular student. SINGLED
I don’t think one particular student ______________________________________________________________ by the teacher.
5. Erica and her sister look very much alike. STRIKING
Erica bears ____________________________________________ her sister.
6. Whatever the circumstances, this prisoner must always be guarded. IS
Under _______________________________________________ left guarded.
7. His argument was irrelevant to the case being discussed. NOTHING
His argument ______________________________ the case being discussed.
8. Karen sometimes appears very silly. APT
Karen ______________________________ very silly sometimes.
9. His aggressive attitude shocked me. ABACK
I ______________________________ his aggressive attitude.
10. I did my best to arrive here on time. EFFORT
I ______________________________ get here on time.
11. The meal was delicious apart from the chicken. EXCEPTION
______________________________, the meal was delicious.
12. The match had to be cancelled due to the bad weather. CALLED
The match ______________________________ of the bad weather.
13. She knew nothing about the party that they were planning. DARK
She was ______________________________ the party that they were planning.
14. Our team has won the football championship for the second year running. SUCCESSION
For the second year ______________________________ by a local team.
15. You must never leave the workplace without letting the team leader know. ACCOUNT
On ______________________________ without letting the team leader know.
16. If you don't know what you're doing, you shouldn't dismantle the laptop. APART
Don’t ______________________________ you know what you're doing.
17. Frank is rumoured to be about to become a Sky News presenter. VERGE
Rumor ______________________________ becoming a Sky News presenter.
18. When he won the championship, Mark began to realise just how happy he was. DAWN
When he won the championship, it began ______________________________ just how happy he was.
19. She may run into additional problems if she doesn't have any proper insurance. PRONE
She ______________________________ she has any proper insurance.
20. Mr Trump was offended by some of the comments that were made about his wife. EXCEPTION
Mr Trump ______________________________ some of the comments that were made about his wife.
21. Helga never really expected the venture to be a roaring success. OF
Helga had little ______________________________ a roaring success.
22. I'm sorry, I didn't mean to interrupt the conversation. INTENTION
I'm sorry, I ______________________________ the conversation.
23. She never thought that he would end up in prison. CROSSED
It ______________________________ that he would end up in prison.
24. George was operating the machine when the accident happened. TIME
The machine was ______________________________ of the accident.
25. As far as I know, the car was stolen in the evening. KNOWLEDGE
To ______________________________ , the car was stolen in the evening.
26. I have no idea how to adjust the television set. LOSS
I am ______________________________ how to adjust the television set.
27. If Helen hadn't refused to work overtime, she would have got promotion. IT
Had ______________________________ , she would have got promotion.
28. The chairman resigned because of his sudden illness. RESULTED
The ______________________________ his sudden illness