8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

Contents:

Module overview

Lesson 1: Este Managing disks in Windows Server

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No
Lesson 2: me
Managing
es nto volumes in Windows Server
tán pe
lc rt
Lab: erm orde enlocal
pConfiguring ec storage
itid r o e
as @sr a Fe
las
Module review t.and rn
go takeaways
co b.a ando
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in ro.
au
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iza
ció
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Module overview

Storage is one of the key components that you must consider when planning and deploying the Windows Server
2016 operating system. Most organizations require a great deal of storage because users work regularly with apps
Es files, which in turn require storage in a central location. When users keep their files for longer
that create new te
do
periods, all the while cu adding more files, storage demands increase. Therefore, it is important that you know how to
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manage disks es and nto in Windows Server 2016 to help meet the storage needs of your users.
volumes
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o
Objectives as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
.
piawill bea o
After completing this module, you s s r able Cto: ord
in ero
au .
tor
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• Manage disks in Windows Server. ció
n.
• Manage volumes in Windows Server.

Lesson E1:
ste Managing disks in Windows Server
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e nto
s
Identifying whichtán storage p
technology that you want to deploy is the first critical step in addressing the data-storage
p lco erten
requirements of your e r
rmorganization.
de ec However, this is only the first step. You also must determine the best way to
itid ro@ e a
manage that storage, and as should Fyourself
las srt.ask e
go rnan
the following questions:
co b.a do
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• Which disks are you going to allocate in to a storage ro. solution?
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• Which file systems will you use? ció
n.

This lesson explores these questions.

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Lesson objectives
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After completing
es this nto you will be able to:
lesson,
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• Explain how to select aas partition F format.
table
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar o
• Describe the difference between s basic andCdynamic
ord disk types.

• Explain how to select a file system.

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

• Describe a resilient file system.

• Configure Resilient File System (ReFS).

• Implement virtual hard disks.

• Determine the disk type that best meets your requirements.

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te
Selecting a dpartition
oc
um table format
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es to
tán pe
pe l c o rte
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itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
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A partition table format (or partition style) refers to the method that an operating system such as Windows Server
2016 uses to organize partitions or volumes on a disk. For Windows operating systems, you can decide between a
master bootErecord
ste (MBR) and a globally unique identifier (GUID) partition table (GPT).
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es nto
MBR tán pe
pe lcord rtene
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itid ero@ ce a
The MBR partition table aformatsl sis theFstandard partitioning scheme that has been used on hard disks since the
as rt.go erna
inception of personal computers c b. 1980s.
op in the nd The MBR partition table format has the following characteristics:
ias ar oC
sin ord
au ero
t .
• An MBR partition supports a maximumorof izafour primary partitions per drive.
ció
n.
• It can have a maximum size of 2 terabytes (TB) (2.19 x 10^12 bytes).

• If you initialize a disk larger than 2 TB using MBR, the disks stores volumes only up to 2 TB, and the rest of the
storage is not used. You must convert the disk to GPT if you want to use all of its space.
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es You can usento
Note: tán pthe MBR partition table format for disk drives that never surpass 2 TB in size. This
pe withlco erten
provides yourm rd bit more
a e space, because GPT requires more disk space than MBR.
itid ero@ ce a
as F
las srt.g erna
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pia .ar oC
GPT s ord

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

The GPT format was introduced with Windows Server 2003 and the Windows XP 64-bit edition to overcome the
limitations of MBR, and to address the requirement of larger disks. GPT has the following characteristics:

• GPT supports a maximum of 128 partitions per drive.

• A partition can have up to 18 exabytes.

• A hard disk can have up to 8 zettabytes (ZB), with 512 kilobytes (KB) logical block addressing (LBA).
Es
te
• To boot from a doGPT partition table, your BIOS must support GPT.
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o a F than 2 TB, you must use the GPT partition table format.
Note: If your hard as disk@is larger
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
ss ord
in ero
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tor
iza
Additional Reading: For more information, ció refer to Frequently asked questions about the GUID
n.
Partitioning Table disk architecture: http://aka.ms/sha5x0

Selecting a disk type

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When selecting a type of disk for use in Windows Server 2016, you can choose between basic and dynamic disks.

Basic disk

Basic storage Es uses partition tables that are used by all versions of the Windows operating system. A basic disk is
te
do
initialized for simple custorage, and contains partitions, such as primary partitions and extended partitions. You can
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subdivide extended nto
partitions
es
tán pe into logical volumes.
pe l c o rte
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itid o@
By default, when you initialize as a diska Fin the Windows operating system, the disk is configured as a basic disk. It is
las srt.g erna
easy to convert basic disks tocdynamic ob disks nd without any data loss. However, when you convert a dynamic disk to
op . oC
ias ar ord
basic disk, all data on the disk is lost.

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

There is no performance gain when you convert basic disks to dynamic disks, and some programs cannot address
data that is stored on dynamic disks. For these reasons, most administrators do not convert basic disks to dynamic
disks, unless they need to use some of the additional volume-configuration options that dynamic disks provide.

Dynamic disk

Dynamic storage enables you to perform disk and volume management without having to restart computers that
are running EWindows operating systems. A dynamic disk is a disk that you initialize for dynamic storage, and that
ste
contains dynamic dovolumes. Dynamic disks are used for configuring fault tolerant storage.
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es nto
tán pe
When you configure pe l c ord rtedisks,
dynamic
n
you create volumes rather than partitions. A volume is a storage unit that is
made from free space r mi on one ero orecmore
e disks. You can format the volume with a file system and then assign it a drive
tid
as @sr a Fe
letter, or configure it with a lamounts c t.gpoint. r
ob nand
op .ar oC
ias ord
sin ero
Required disk volumes au .
tor
iza
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n.
Regardless of which type of disk you use, you must configure both a system volume and a boot volume on one of
the server’s hard disks:

• System volumes. The system volume contains the hardware-specific files that the Windows operating system
needs to Eload,
ste such as Bootmgr and BOOTSECT.bak. The system volume can be the same as the boot volume,
although this disocnot
um required.
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es to
• Boot volumes.tán The lbootpevolume contains the Windows operating system files that are in the %Systemroot% and
pe c ord rtene
r
%Systemroot%\System32 mi c
ero folders.
e The boot volume can be the same as the system volume, although this is not
tid
as @sr a Fe
required. las t .go rna
co b nd
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Note: When you install the Windows 10 ció operating system or the Windows Server 2016 operating system
n.
in a clean installation, a separate system volume is created to that you can subsequently choose to use to
enable encrypting the boot volume by using BitLocker Drive Encryption.

Es
Additional Reading: For more information, refer to How Basic Disks and Volumes Work:
te
do
http://aka.ms/afknbd
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pe lcord rtene
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Selecting a filemitsystem e
ida ro@ e a F
s
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as rt.go erna
co b nd
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ss ord
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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

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When you configure
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your
en disks in Windows Server 2016, you can choose between file allocation table (FAT), the
es to
NTFS file system,
tán and ReFS pe file systems.
pe l c ord rtene
rm
itid ero@ ce a
as F
FAT las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
ss ord
The FAT file system is the most simplistic in erosystems that the Windows operating system supports. The FAT
au of the file .
tor
file system is characterized by a table that resides iza at the top of the volume. To protect the volume, two copies of the
ció
FAT file system are maintained in case one becomes n. damaged. Additionally, the file allocation tables and the root
directory must be stored in a fixed location, so that the system’s boot files can be located.

A disk formatted with the FAT file system is allocated in clusters, and the size of the volume determines the size of
the clusters. When you create a file, an entry is created in the directory, and the first cluster number containing data
Es
is established. teThis entry in the table either indicates that this is the last cluster of the file, or points to the next
do
c
cluster. There
No is no uorganization
me to the FAT directory structure, and files are given the first open location on the
es nto
drive. tán p e
pe lcord rtene
rm
itid ero@ ce a
Because of the size limitation as srt theFefile
las with .go rna allocation table, the original release of FAT could only access partitions
that were less than 2 gigabyte o(GB) c b ndTo enable larger disks, Microsoft developed FAT32, which supports
pia in.asize. oC
ss r ord
partitions of up to 2 TB. in ero
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FAT does not provide any security for files on the n. partition. You should never use FAT or FAT32 as the file system
for disks attached to Windows Server 2016 servers. However, you might consider using FAT or FAT32 to format
external media such as USB flash media.

The file system designed especially for flash drives is Extended FAT (exFAT). You can use it when FAT32 is not
E
suitable, suchstas
e d when you need a disk format that works with a television, which requires a disk that is larger than
oc
2 TB. A number um
of media
No en devices support exFAT, such as modern flat panel TVs, media centers, and portable
es to
media players. tán pe
pe l c ord rtene
rm
itid ero@ ce a
as F
NTFS las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
s or
NTFS is the standard file system for all Windowsdoperating systems beginning with the Windows NT Server 3.1
operating system. Unlike FAT, there are no special objects on the disk, and there is no dependence on the

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

underlying hardware, such as 512-byte sectors. In addition, in NTFS there are no special locations on the disk,
such as the tables.

NTFS is an improvement over FAT in several ways, including better support for metadata, and the use of advanced
data structures to improve performance, reliability, and disk space utilization. NTFS also has additional extensions
such as security access control lists (ACLs), which you can use for auditing, file-system journaling, and encryption.

NTFS is required
Es for a number of Windows Server 2016 roles and features such as Active Directory Domain
te
Services (AD DS), do Volume Shadow Copy Service (VSS), Distributed File System (DFS), and file replication service
cu
(FRS). NTFS me
No also provides
es nto a significantly higher level of security than FAT or FAT 32.
tán pe
pe lcord rtene
ReFS r mi ero ce
tid
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a r oC
Windows Server 2012 first introduced s s ReFS to oenhance
rde the capabilities of NTFS. ReFS improves upon NTFS by
in ro.
offering larger maximum sizes for individual au files, directories, disk volumes, and other items. Additionally, ReFS
tor
offers greater resiliency, meaning better data izaverification, error correction, and scalability.
ció
n.

You should use ReFS with Windows Server 2016 for very large volumes and file shares, to overcome the NTFS
limitation of error checking and correction. However, you cannot use ReFS for the boot volume.

Es
Additional Reading:
te
do
• For more cu information, refer to How FAT Works: http://aka.ms/j4j5nm
No me
es nto
• Fortámore p
lco erten refer to How NTFS Works: http://aka.ms/H6hp4c
n p information,
erm rde ec
itid ro e
as @sr a Fe
las t .go rna
co b nd
pia .ar oC
Sector size s sin ord
au ero
tor .
iza
When you format a disk using a particular file csystem, ión
. you must specify the appropriate sector size. In the Format
Partition dialog box, the sector size is described as the Allocation unit size. You can select from 512 bytes through
to 64 KB. To improve performance, try to match the allocation unit size as closely as possible to the typical file or
record size that will be written to the disk. For example, if you have a database that writes 8,192-byte records, the
optimum allocation unit size would be 8 KB. This setting would allow the operating system to write a complete
Es
record in a single
te allocation unit on the disk. By using a 4 KB allocation unit size, the operating system would have
to split the record doacross two allocation units and then update the disk’s master file table with the fact that the
cu
me
allocationNunits
o e were linked. nto By using an allocation unit at least as big as the record, you can reduce the workload
stá pe
n p subsystem.
on the server’s disk lc rt
erm orde enec
itid ro@ e a
as sr Fe
s c t.gounit rna
Be aware that the smallestlawritable is the allocation unit. If your database records are all 4,096 bytes, and your
op b .ar ndo
allocation unit size is 8 KB, then you ia Co
s s will be wasting
in rde 4,096 bytes per database write.
au ro.
tor
iza
ció
n.
Check Your Knowledge

Discovery
Es do you currently use on your file server and will you continue to use it?
What file system
te
do
cu Reset
Show solution
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe lcord rtene
rm
Implementing ReFS itid ero@ ce a
as F
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
s ord

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

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ReFS is aN file system mthat
en is based on the NTFS file system. It provides the following advantages over NTFS:
oe to
stá p
np lco erten
erm rde ec
• Metadata integrity with itid checksums
ro e
as @sr a Fe
las t .go rna
• Expanded protection against co data b a ndo
pia .corruption
ss r Co
rd
in
• Maximizes reliability, especially during au a loss ofepower
ro. (while NTFS has been known to experience corruption in
tor
iza
similar circumstances) ció
n.
• Large volume, file, and directory sizes

• Storage pooling and virtualization, which makes creating and managing file systems easier

Es for fault tolerance

• Redundancy
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do
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• Disk scrubbing
No formprotection
en against latent disk errors
es to
tán pe
pe lcord with rte
• Resiliency to corruptions
rm ne recovery for maximum volume availability
itid ero@ ce a
as F
• Shared storage pools across las srmachines
t.g erna for additional failure tolerance and load balancing
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
ss ord
in ero
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ReFS inherits some features from NTFS, including ció
n. the following:

• BitLocker Drive Encryption

• ACLs for security

Es
te
• Update sequence
do number (USN) journal
cu
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• Change notifications
es nto
tán pe
pe lcord rtene
rm ce
itid epoints,
• Symbolic links, junction ro mount points and reparse points
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
• Volume snapshots pia .ar oC
s ord
• File IDs

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

ReFS uses a subset of NTFS features, so it maintains backward compatibility with NTFS. Therefore, programs that
run on Windows Server 2016 can access files on ReFS just as they would on NTFS. However, an ReFS-formatted
drive is not recognized when placed in computers that are running Windows Server operating systems that were
released before Windows Server 2012. You can use ReFS drives with Windows 10 and Windows 8.1, but not with
Windows 8.

NTFS enables you to change a volume’s allocation unit size. However, with ReFS, each volume has a fixed size of
64 KB, which you cannot change. ReFS does not support Encrypted File System (EFS) for files.
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do
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No implies, m
As its name the
en new file system offers greater resiliency, meaning better data verification, error correction,
es to
tán
and scalability. pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o
as @sr a Fe
Compared to NTFS, ReFS laoffers go rnmaximum
s c t.larger sizes for individual files, directories, disk volumes, and other
o b. ando
items, which the following table plists. ias ar Co
sin rde
au ro.
tor
iza
Attribute ció Limit
n.
Maximum size of a single file Approximately 16 exabytes (EB) (18.446.744.073.709.551.616 bytes)

Maximum size of a single volume 2^78 bytes with 16 KB cluster size

(2^64 * 16 * 2^10)
Windows stack addressing allows 2^64 bytes
Es
te
dofiles in a directory
Maximum number of 2^64
cu
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Maximum number nto in a volume
e of directories 2^64
stá pe
np lco rt
erm rde enec
Maximum file name length 32,000 Unicode characters
itid r o e
as @sr a Fe
Maximum path length las t .go rna 32,000
co b nd
pia .ar oC
Maximum size of any storage pool ss ord 4 petabytes (PB)
in ero
au .
Maximum number of storage pools in a system tor No limit
iza
ció
Maximum number of spaces in a storage pool
n. No limit

When to use ReFS

ReFS is ideal
Esin the following situations:
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do
cu
No Hyper-Vmworkloads.
• Microsoft en ReFS has performance advantages when using both .vhd and .vhdx files.
es to
tán pe
p lco rte
ne
• Storage SpaceserDirect.
mi rdeIn Windows
c Server 2016, nodes in a cluster can share direct attached storage. In this
tid r o@ e a
a s
s l improved F
situation, ReFS provides as rt.go ethroughput,
rn but also supports higher capacity disks used by the cluster
nodes. co b.a ando
pia
ss r Co
rde
in ro.
au
• Archive data. The resiliency that ReFS toprovides
riz means it is a good choice for data that you want to retain for
ac
longer periods. i ón
.

Additional Reading: For more information about ReFS, refer to Building the next generation file system
for Windows: ReFS: http://aka.ms/orvy9u
Es
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do
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No me
es nto
Demonstration: tán Configuring
pe ReFS
pe lcord rtene
rm e c
ro@ e a
In this demonstration,ityouida will
sl see
s how F to:
as rt.go erna
co b nd
pia .ar oC
s
• Retrieve the volume and sector information for ord an NTFS volume by using the fsutil command.

• Reformat the NTFS volume as a ReFS volume.

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

• Retrieve the volume and sector information for the ReFS volume by using the fsutil command.

Demonstration steps
Retrieve information for an NTFS volume

1. On LON-SVR1,
Es open Disk Management and create a new NTFS Simple Volume with all available space on
te
Disk 2. do
cu
No me
es nto
2. Assign drive
tán letter pe the new volume.
F to
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o@ a F f: command to view information about the NTFS volume.
3. Run the fsutil fsinfo as volumeinfo
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
4. Run the fsutil fsinfo sectorinfo s s f: command ord to view the sector information about the NTFS volume.
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.
Reformat the volume

• Reformat the NTFS volume as an ReFS volume.

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te
do
Retrieve informationcu for an ReFS volume
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es nto
tán pe
l
pe fsinfoc o rte
1. Run the fsutil rm rdevolumeinfo ne f: to view information about the ReFS volume.
c
itid r o@ e a
as s F
las rt.g erna
2. Run the fsutil fsinfo sectorinfo co ob f: command
nd to view the sector information about the ReFS volume.
pia .ar oC
ss ord
in ero
3. Scroll back through the output to aview
uto the differences . between the file system capabilities.
riz
ac
ión
.

Using .vhd and .vhdx file types

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

You can manage virtual hard disks within Windows Server 2016 in much the same way that you can manage
physical disks. For example, you can create and attach a virtual hard disk and use it for storing data. The virtual
hard disk appears as another drive letter in the disk or folder management tools.

Virtual hard disks are files that represent a traditional hard disk drive. Typically, in Hyper-V, you use virtual hard
disks as the operating system disk and storage disks for virtual machines. In Windows Server 2016, you can
access the same virtual hard disks from within the operating system. The virtual hard disks have the following
characteristics:
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te
do
cu
• In Windows
No 7 andmWindows
en Server 2008 R2, you can only work with .vhd files.
es to
tán pe
lc rte
• In Windows 8,pWindows
erm orde8.1, neWindows 10, or Windows Server 2012 or later, you also can create and manage
c
itid r o@ e a
.vhdx files, which enable as much Fe disk sizes and provide other benefits.
las sr t.glarger r
co ob nand
pia . a r oC
• You can create and attach virtual s shard disks oby
rdeusing disk management tools such as Disk Management and
in ro.
Diskpart.exe. After creating and attaching a uto the virtual hard disk, you can create volumes on the drive and format
riz
the partition. Additionally, in Windows 8 or newer a c versions, and Windows Server 2012 or newer versions, you
ión
.
can mount virtual hard disks in File Explorer.

• You can configure Windows Server 2016 to start from a virtual hard disk using the native virtual hard disk boot
feature. This feature enables you to configure multiple operating systems on a single computer and choose
which operating
Es system to use when you start the computer.
te
do
cu
• You can me hard disks that you create by using Hyper-V, or that you create on another computer. For
No attach virtual
e nto
s
example, if tyou
án create apevirtual hard disk in Hyper-V, you can copy that virtual hard disk to another computer,
pe l c ord rtene
and then use the rmnative virtual hard disk boot feature to start the computer using the virtual disk that you created
itid ero@ ce a
a sl s F
in Hyper-V. as rt.go erna
co b.a ndo
pi r Co
• You can use virtual hard disks aas s sa deployment
in rdetechnology. For example, you can use Hyper-V to create a
a ro.
standard image for desktop or serverucomputers, tor and then distribute the image to other computers.
iza
ció
n.

You can use Windows PowerShell to create and manage virtual hard disks in Windows Server 2016. You must first
have the Windows PowerShell Hyper-module installed. Then, you can use the following commands and cmdlets to
create and manage virtual hard disks:
Es
te
do
• New-vhd. Use this cu cmdlet to create virtual hard disk files. When you specify the path, using the extension .vhd
No me
es nto
or .vhdx defines
tán the virtual
p hard disk file type. For example, the following cmdlet creates a new dynamically
p lco erten
e
resizing .vhd file rof r
mi 10 dGBero in esize.
ce
tid
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a r oC
New-VHD -Path c:\sales.vhd s s -Dynamic or-SizeBytes
de
10Gb
in ro.
au
tor
iza
ció
n
• Mount-VHD. Use this command to mount the .virtual hard disk to create volumes and format files systems.

• Initialize-disk. Use this command to initialize the disk in preparation for creating volumes.

• Get-vhd. Use this command to retrieve information about a named .vhd file.
Es
te
• Set-vhd. Usedthis
oc cmdlet to configure the .vhd file properties. For example, the following cmdlet changes the
um
No sector size
physical enof the Sales.vhdx file.
es to
tán pe
pe l c ord rtene
rm
itid ero@ ce a
as F –PhysicalSectorSizeBytes 4096
las srt.g erna
Set-VHD –Path c:\Sales.vhdx
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
s ord
• Convert-vhd. You can use the Convert-vhd cmdlet to change from a VHD to a VHDX file format.

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

One of the benefits of using Windows PowerShell is the ability to script cmdlets, or to link them by using the pipe (|)
operator. This can enable you to perform several tasks in one step. The following command will create a new virtual
hard disk of type .vhd, and assign it a dynamic size of 10 GB. The .vhd is then mounted, and partitions and
volumes created and formatted.

New-VHD -Path c:\sales.vhd -Dynamic -SizeBytes 10Gb | Mount-VHD -Passthru |Initialize-Disk -

Passthru |New-Partition -AssignDriveLetter -UseMaximumSize |Format-Volume -FileSystem NTFS -
Es
t
e d -Force
Confirm:$falseo cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
it o
Selecting a diskidtype as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.

Es
te
do
cu
me
There areNovarious types ntof disks available that you can use to provide storage to server and client systems. The
es op
tá
speed of disks is n pmeasured
lc ein
rt input/output per second (IOPS). The most common types of disks are:
erm orde enec
itid ro@ e a
as srt F
• Enhanced Integrated Drive .go erna (EIDE). EIDE is based on standards that were created in 1986. The
las Electronics
co b.a ndo
pia r C
integrated drive electronics (IDE) s sinterface supports
ord both the Advanced Technology Attachment 2 (ATA-2) and
in ero
Advanced Technology Attachment Packet au Interface . (ATAPI) standards. Enhanced refers to the ATA-2 (Fast ATA)
tor
iza
standard. ció
n.
Due to the addressing standards of this technology, there is a 128 GB limitation on storage using EIDE. In
addition, the speed of an EIDE drive is limited to a maximum of 133 megabytes (MB) per second (MBps). EIDE
drives are seldom used today.

Es
• Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA). Introduced in 2003, SATA is a computer bus interface, or
te
do
cu
channel, for connecting the motherboard or device adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives
No me
and optical
es drives. SATA n t o
tán pewas designed to replace EIDE. It can use the same low-level commands as EIDE, but
pe lcand rte
ord devices
SATA host adapters rm ne communicate by using a high-speed serial cable over two pairs of conductors.
itid ero@ ce a
SATA can operate at aspeeds sl sof 1.5,
F 3.0, and 6.0 GB per second, depending on the SATA revision (1, 2, or 3
as rt.go erna
respectively). co b.a ndo
pia r Co
s rd
SATA disks are generally low-cost disks that provide mass storage. Because SATA drives are less expensive
than other drive options (but also provide reduced performance), organizations might choose to deploy SATA

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

drives when they require large amounts of storage but not high performance. SATA disks are also less reliable
compared to serial attached SCSI (SAS) disks. A variation on the SATA interface is eSATA, which is designed to
enable high-speed access to externally attached SATA drives.

• Small computer system interface (SCSI). SCSI is a set of standards for physically connecting and transferring
data between computers and peripheral devices. SCSI was originally introduced in 1978 and became a
standard in 1986. Similar to EIDE, SCSI was designed to run over parallel cables; however, recently the usage
has been expanded to run over other mediums. The 1986 parallel specification of SCSI had initial speed
E
transfers ofste5 dMBps. The more recent 2003 implementation, Ultra 640 SCSI (also known as Ultra 5), can transfer
oc
data atN speeds ofum640en MBps. SCSI disks provide higher performance than SATA disks, but are also more
oe to
s
expensive. tá p
np lco erten
erm rde ec
ro e
itid implementation
• SAS. SAS is a further as @sr a Fe of the SCSI standard. SAS depends on a point-to-point serial protocol that
la t.g r
replaces the parallel SCSIs cbus ob nand and uses the standard SCSI command set. SAS offers backward-
op technology,
.ar oC
ias ord
compatibility with second-generation sin SATA drives. ero SAS drives are reliable and made for 24 hours a day, seven
au
days a week (24/7) operation in data centers. tor With. up to 15,000 rotations per minute, these disks are also the
iza
fastest traditional hard disks. ció
n.

• Solid-state drives (SSDs). SSDs are data storage devices that use solid-state memory to store data rather than
using the spinning disks and movable read/write heads that are used in other disks. SSDs use microchips to
store the data and do not contain any moving parts. SSDs provide fast disk access, use less power, and are less
susceptible
Es to failure when dropped than traditional hard disks such as SAS drives. However, they also are
te
do
much more expensive per GB of storage. SSDs typically use a SATA interface, so you typically can replace hard
cu
N me
disk drives
o e with SSDs ntowithout any modifications.
stá p
np lco erten
erm rde ec
itid ro e
as @sr a Fe
las t .go rna
Note: Fibre Channel, cFireWire,
op b. or nUSB-attached
do disks are also available storage options. They define
ias ar C
either the transport bus or the sin disk type.orFor de example, USB-attached disks are used mostly with SATA or
au ro.
SSD drives to store data. tor
iza
ció
n.

Check Your Knowledge

s E
Discovery te do
cu
me
What diskNtypes
o e are you nmost
to commonly using in your organization, and do you have a management and provisioning
st p
strategy for storage
p lco inerparticular
án usage te scenarios?
erm rde nec
itid ro e
Show solution as @sr a Fe
Reset
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
Check Your Knowledge ció
n.

True or False Question

ReFS supports data deduplication in Windows Server 2016.

True Es False
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
Check answert Resetp
án ert
lco
pe
rmrde enec
itid ro e
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
Lesson 2: Managing ob nand in
co volumes Windows Server
pia .ar oC
s ord

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

A volume is a usable area of space on one or more physical disks, formatted with a file system. In Windows Server
2016, you can choose to use several different types of volumes to create high-performance storage, fault-tolerant
storage, or a combination of both. This lesson explores how create and manage volumes in Windows Server 2016.

Lesson objectives
After completing this lesson, you will be able to:

Es
te
• Describe Windows Server 2016 disk volumes.
do
cu
N m en
• Manageo volumes.
es
tán
to
pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
• Configure volumes.itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
• Resize disk volumes. pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
• Describe Redundant Array of Independent tor Disks (RAID).
iza
ció
n.
• Explain each of the RAID levels.

What are disk volumes?

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe lco rte
rm rd ne
itid ero@ ce a
as F
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
ss ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.
In Windows Server 2016, if you are using dynamic disks, you can create a number of different types of disk
volumes:

• Simple volumes.
Es
A simple volume is a volume that uses free space from a single disk. It can be a single region
t e
on a disk, or consist of multiple, concatenated regions. You can extend a simple volume within the same disk or
do
cu
extendNito to additionalm en disks. If you extend a simple volume across multiple disks, it becomes a spanned volume.
es to
tán pe
l c
pe Aospanned rte
• Spanned volumes. rm rd ne volume is a volume that is created from the free disk space from multiple disks
itid ero@ ce a
that are linked together. as You scan F
extend a spanned volume onto a maximum of 32 disks. You cannot mirror a
las rt.g erna
spanned volume, and they are c o b n d
op not.afault-tolerant.
r oC Therefore, if you lose one disk, you will lose the entire spanned
ias ord
volume.

• Striped volumes. A striped volume is a volume that has data that is spread across two or more physical disks.
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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

The data on this type of volume is allocated alternately and evenly to each of the physical disks. A striped
volume cannot be mirrored or extended, and is not fault tolerant. This means that the loss of one disk causes
the immediate loss of all the data. Striping also is known as RAID-0.

• Mirrored volumes. A mirrored volume is a fault-tolerant volume that has all data duplicated onto two physical
disks. All of the data on one volume is copied to another disk to provide data redundancy. If one of the disks
fails, you can access the data from the remaining disk. However, you cannot extend a mirrored volume.
Mirroring also is known as RAID-1.
Es
te
do
• RAID-5 volumes. cu A RAID-5 volume is a fault-tolerant volume that has data striped across a minimum of three or
No me
more disks.
es Parity alsonto is striped across the disk array. If a physical disk fails, you can recreate the portion of the
tán pe
RAID-5 volumepethat was l c o on rte that failed disk by using the remaining data and the parity. You cannot mirror or
rm rder nece
itid o
extend a RAID-5 volume. as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
Options for managing volumes tor
iza
ció
n.

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe rte lco
rm rd ne
itid ero@ ce a
as Fe
las srtyou
To create and manage volumes, .go can rn use one of the following tools:
co b.a ando
pia
ss r Co
rde
in ro.
• Server Manager au
tor
iza
ció
• Disk Management n.

• Diskpart.exe

• Windows PowerShell
Es
te
do
cu
No Manager me
Using Server
es nto
tán pe
pe lcord rtene
rm ce
To use Server Manager itid to ecreate
ro a Fmanage disk volumes in Windows Server 2016, open Server Manager, and
as @sr and
las t.g erna
then complete the following procedure:
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
s ord
1. In the navigation pane, click File and Storage Services, and then under Volumes, click Disks.

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

2. In the DISKS pane, if necessary, right-click each offline disk, and then click Bring Online.

3. In the TASKS list, click New Volume.

4. In the New Volume Wizard, on the Before you begin page, click Next.

5. When all disks with available space display, select the appropriate disk from the Disk list, and then click Next.

6. When you are prompted to initialize the disk by using GPT, click OK.
Es
te
do
7. On the Specify cu the size of the volume page, enter the desired size, and then click Next.
No me
es nto
tán
8. On the Assign pe
tolc a drive letter or folder page, select a drive letter or choose a folder in an existing volume
pe ord rtene
in which to mountr mi theedrive,
r ceand then click Next.
tid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
ob nand
co settings
9. On the Select file system pia . a page,
o C choose the appropriate file system, enter a volume label, and then
ss r ord
click Next. in ero
au .
tor
iza
10. Finally, click Create to create the new volume. c ión
.
11. Click Close after the volume has been created.

To manage E volumes
ste by using Server Manager, in the Files and Storage Services node, click Volumes, and then
do in the Volumes list, click the volume you want to manage. Right-click the desired volume, and
in the details pane, cu
No from themfollowing
then choose en options:
es to
tán pe
pe lcord rtene
rm ero ce
• Manage Drive Letter itid And Access Paths.
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
• Format. pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
• Extend Volume. tor
iza
ció
n.
• Delete Volume.

• Properties.

Es
te
do
Using Disk Management
cu
No me
es nto
tá pe
You also can use n pDisk lcManagementrt to initialize and configure your newly installed disks. To access Disk
erm orde enec
Management, open Computer itid ea
ro@ Management, and then click Disk Management. Use the following procedure to
as srt Fe
create and configure your volumes:l as .go r na
co b nd
pia .ar oC
ss ord
in ero
1. If your disks have not been initialized, au you are prompted
. to initialize them. Click OK to initialize them as MBR
tor
iza
disks. If you prefer to use GPT, click the cGPT ión button, and then click OK.
.
2. Right-click an area of unallocated space on any disk, and then click one of the following:

o New Simple Volume

o New
Es Spanned Volume
te
do
cu
o N New Striped me Volume
oe nto
stá pe
np lc rte
o erm ordVolume
New Mirrored ne
itid ero@ ce a
as F
o New RAID-5 Volume las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
s o
The procedure varies slightly depending onrdyour previous choice. However, to create a mirrored volume, use
the following procedure:

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

3. In the New Mirrored Volume Wizard, click Next.

4. On the Select Disks page, select two disks.

5. Enter the volume size to allocate across these two disks, and then click Next.

6. On the Assign Drive Letter or Path page, either select a drive letter for the mirrored volume or choose to
mount the volume in the file system, and then click Next.
Es
7. te
On the Formatdo Volume page, choose a file system and a volume label, and then click Next.
cu
N me
8. ClickoFinish
es to nto your mirrored volume.
create
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
Using Diskpart.exe co ob nand
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au . is a relatively simplified process, sometimes it is more
Although using Server Manager or Disk Management tor
iza
efficient to use a command-line tool. You can use c ión the Diskpart.exe command-line tool to create and manage your
.
disk volumes by using the following procedure:

1. Open an elevated command prompt.

2. Es
Type Diskpart, and then press Enter.
te
do
cu
3. TypeNoSelect Disk me <x> (where x is the disk that you want to manage), and then press Enter.
es nto
tán pe
l c
pe dynamic, o rte
4. Type Convert rm rder nand ec then press Enter. This command converts the disk into a dynamic disk.
e
itid o
as @sr a Fe
t rn
5. Type Create volumelasimple s c .gosize=<y>
b.a ando disk=<x> (where x is the disk that you want to manage, and y is the
op r
size of the volume that you iwant as
sin to create),
Co and then press Enter. You also can create spanned, mirrored, and
rd
RAID drives by changing the word ausimple. ero.
tor
iza
ció
6. To assign a drive letter, type assign letter=Z, n. and then press Enter.

Using Windows PowerShell

Es
te
You also can usedoWindows
cu PowerShell cmdlets to manage disk partitions and volumes. The following list explains
No more commonme
some of the n to disk management cmdlets:
es pe
tán
pe lcord rtene
rm ce
itid ero@disks
• Get-disk. Lists all available a installed in the server computer.
as s F
las rt.g erna
co ob nd
• Clear-disk. Removes all partitions pia .aand oC
volumes from the specified disk.
ss r ord
in e r
au o.
• Initialize-disk. Enables you to initialize tora disk in readiness for creation of volumes.
iza
ció
n.
• Get-volume. Lists all accessible volumes.

• Format-volume. Enables you to format a volume with NTFS.

Es
te
do
Demonstration:
cu Managing volumes
No me
e nto
s
In this demonstration,
tán you pwill
e see how to:
pe lcord rtene
rm e ro ce
itid
as @sr a Fe
• Create a new volume with las Diskpart.
t.g r
co ob nand
pia .ar oC
• Create a mirrored volume. s ord

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

Demonstration steps
Create a new volume with Diskpart

1. Use the following command-line tools to view the available disks, and then create and format an NTFS simple
volume:

list Edisk
s te
do 3
cu
select disk
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
Convert dynamic
itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
Create volume simple ob nanddisk=3
co size=500
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
Assign letter = g tor
iza
ció
n.
Format

2. Switch to Disk Management to verify the newly created volume.

Es
te
do
cu
No me
e nto
s
Create a mirrored
tán volume pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o
as @sr a Fe
• In Disk Management, create las at.new go mirrored
rn volume with the following properties:
co b.a ando
pia r Co
o Disks: Disk 3 and Disk 4 s sin rde
au ro.
tor
iza
o File system: ReFS ció
n.
o Quick format: Yes

o Volume label: Mirror

Es
te
do
um c
Extending
No and shrinking
en a volume
es to
tán pe
pe l c ord rtene
rm
itid ero@ ce a
as F
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
ss ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe lco rte
rm rd ne
itid ero@ ce a
as F
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
s ord

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.

Es
te
do
cu
In Windows
No Server me it is simple to extend or shrink a volume. However, when you want to resize a volume,
2016,
nt
you must beeaware
stá of theo following:
p
np lco erten
erm rde e
itid ro@ ce a
a s
s l to shrink F
• You only have the ability as rt.go orernextend NTFS volumes. You cannot resize FAT, FAT32, or exFAT volumes.
co b.a ando
pia
• You can only extend ReFS volumes; s s r you cannot Co
rde shrink them.
in ro.
au
tor
iza
• You can extend a volume by using free space ció both on the same disk and on other disks. When you extend a
n.
volume with other disks, you create a dynamic disk with a spanned volume. Remember though, in a spanned
volume, if one disk fails, all data on the volume is lost. In addition, a spanned volume cannot contain boot or
system partitions. Therefore, you cannot extend your boot partitions by using another disk.

• When you Es
want to shrink a volume, immovable files such as page files are not relocated. This means that you
te space beyond the location where these files are on the volume. If you have the requirement to
cannot reclaim do
cu
me
shrinkNaopartition further,
es nto you need to delete or move the immovable files. For example, you can remove the
tán thel volume,
page file, shrink pe
pe co rte and then add the page file back again.
rm rde nece
it d ro a
• If bad clusters exist ion asthe@ volume,F you cannot shrink it.
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
ss ord
in ero
au .
tor
Note: As a best practice for shrinking i za volumes, you should defragment the files on the volume before you
ció
shrink it. This procedure returns the maximum n. amount of free disk space. During the defragmenting
process, you can identify any immoveable files.

To modify a volume, you can use Disk Management, Diskpart.exe, or the Resize-Partition cmdlet in Windows
E
PowerShell. ste
do
cu
No me
es nto
tá pe
Additional n p Reading:
lc rt
erm orde enec
• For more information,
itid ro@ refere a to Extend a Basic Volume: http://aka.ms/sefpk3
as F
las srt.g erna
• For more information, ob to Shrink
co refer nd
pia .ar o C a Basic Volume: http://aka.ms/H7pfnt
s ord

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

What is RAID?

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe that l c o rte
RAID is a technology rm rdyou can
ne use to configure locally attached storage or a storage system to provide high
i e r ce
t i d o @
reliability and potentially,ashigh performance. aF RAID implements storage systems by combining multiple disks into a
s
las rt.g erna
single logical unit called a RAID ob Depending
co array. n do on the configuration, a RAID array can withstand the failure of
p .a
one or more of the physical hard iadisks s s rcontained Co in the array, and in addition provide higher performance than is
rde
in ro.
available by using a single disk. au
tor
iza
ció
n.
RAID provides redundancy, which is an important component that you can use when planning and deploying
Windows Server 2016 servers. In most organizations, it is important that the servers are available at all times. Most
servers provide highly redundant components such as redundant power supplies and redundant network adapters.
The goal of this redundancy is to ensure that the server remains available even if a single component on the server
Es
fails. By implementing RAID, you can provide the same level of redundancy for the storage system.
te
do
cu
N me
How RAIDo works
es nto
tán pe
pe lcord rtene
rm ce
itid ero@
RAID enables fault tolerance a F additional disks to ensure that the disk subsystem can continue to function
bys using
as
las rt.g erna
even if one or more disks in the ob
co subsystem ndfail. RAID uses two options for enabling fault tolerance:
pia .ar oC
ss ord
in ero
au .
• Disk mirroring. With disk mirroring, all tof ori the information that is written to one disk is also written to another disk.
za
If one of the disks fails, the other disk is still óavailable. c i n.

• Parity information. Parity information is used in the event of a disk failure to calculate the information that was
stored on a disk. If you use this option, the server or RAID controller calculates the parity information for each
block of data that is written to the disks, and then stores this information on another disk or across multiple
disks. If one
Es of the disks in the RAID array fails, the server can use the data that is still available on the
te
functional disks do along with the parity information to recreate the data that was stored on the failed disk.
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe lcord rtene
rm ce
itidcanerprovide
o
RAID subsystems also as @sr apotentially
F better performance than single disks by distributing disk reads and
las t.g erna
writes across multiple disks. For co example,
ob when implementing disk striping, the server can read information from all
p .ar ndo
hard disks in the stripe set. Wheniascombined Co multiple disk controllers, this can provide significant improvements
withrd
in disk performance.

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

Note: Although RAID can provide a greater level of tolerance for disk failure, you should not use RAID to
replace traditional backups. If a server has a power surge or catastrophic failure and all of the disks fail,
then you would need to rely on standard backups.

Hardware RAID vs. software RAID

You implement hardware RAID by installing a RAID controller in the server, and you then configure it by using the
Es
RAID controllerte configuration tool. When you use this implementation, the RAID configuration is hidden from the
do
cu
me
operatingNsystem. However, the operating system uses the RAID arrays as single disks. The only configuration that
oe nto
s
you need to perform
tán in thepoperating
e system is to create volumes on the disks.
pe lcord rtene
rm
itid ero@ ce a
as RAID F
You can implement software las srt.g by eusing
r all of the disks that are available on the server. You then configure
c ob nand
RAID from within the operatingosystem.pia . a Windows
o Co Server 2016 supports the use of software RAID, and you can use
ss r
Disk Management to configure several in different rRAID de
ro. levels.
au
tor
iza
ció
When choosing to implement hardware or software n. RAID, consider the following:

• Hardware RAID requires disk controllers that are RAID-capable. Most disk controllers shipped with new servers
have this functionality.
Es hardware RAID, you need to access the disk controller management program. Normally, you can
• To configure te
do
access this during cu the server boot process or by using a webpage that runs management software.
No me
es nto
tán pe
• Implementing disk
pe l c
mirroring
o rte with software RAID for a disk containing the system and boot volume can require
rm rder nece
itid when
additional configuration o
as @sr a disk a F fails. Because the RAID configuration is managed by the operating system,
ern
l a s
you must configure one of cthe disks t .g athe mirror as the boot disk. If that disk fails, you might need to modify the
ob in
op .ar ndo
boot configuration for the servers to ia Co
sinstart the server.
rde This is not an issue with hardware RAID, because the disk
a ro .
controller accesses the available diskutand ori exposes it to the operating system.
za
ció
• In older servers, you might obtain better performance n. with software RAID when using parity, because the server
processor can calculate parity more quickly than the disk controller can. This is not an issue with newer servers,
where you could have better server performance because you can offload the parity calculations to the disk
controller.
Es
te
do
cu
No me
RAID levels
es nto
pe
tán lco rte
pe rd ne
rm
itid ero@ ce a
as F
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
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ss ord
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tor
iza
ció
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as F
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s ord

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a oC
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in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.

Es
te
do
cu
When implementing
No m
RAID,
en you need to decide what level of RAID to implement. The following table lists the
to
features for eeach
stá different pRAID level.
np lco erten
erm rde ec
itid ro e
as @sr a Fe
Level Description las t rn
.go Performance Space Redundancy Comments
co b.a ando
pia r C
ss ord utilization
in ero
au .
RAID 0 Striped set without torread and write
High All space on the disk A single disk failure Use only in situations
iza
parity or mirroring performanceció is available results in the loss of where you require
n.
Data is written all data high performance and
sequentially to each can tolerate data loss
disk

RAID 1 Mirrored set without Good performance Can only use the Can tolerate a single Frequently used for
parity or striping amount of space that disk failure system and boot
Es
te Data is written to both is available on the volumes with
do disks simultaneously
cu smallest disk hardware RAID
No me
n
RAID 2 es
tán Data istowritten
pe in bits Extremely high Uses one or more Can tolerate a single Requires that all disks
lco disk,
peto each rtwith
e
de nece
r performance disks for parity disk failure be synchronized
rm roto
itidwritten
parity @ a
a Fe
separatesdiskla orsdisks
sc
rt.
go rnan
op b .ar do
RAID 3 Data is written in ias Very highCo Uses one disk for Can tolerate a single Requires that all disks
sin rde
bytes to each disk, au
performance ro. parity disk failure be synchronized
with parity written to
t o riz Rarely used
ac
separate disk or disks ión
.
RAID 4 Data is written in Good read Uses one disk for Can tolerate a single Rarely used
blocks to each disk, performance, poor parity disk failure
with parity written to a write performance
dedicated disk

RAID 5 Es Striped set with Good read Uses the equivalent Can tolerate a single Commonly used for
te
do distributed parity performance, poor of one disk for parity disk failure data storage where
cu
No meis written in
Data write performance performance is not
es n ttoo each disk,
tán blocks p ert critical but maximizing
lco spread
pewith parity e
rm rder nece
disk usage is
itid all disks
across o@ aF important
as
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
s ord

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

Level Description Performance Space Redundancy Comments

utilization

RAID 6 Striped set with dual Good read Uses the equivalent Can tolerate two disk Commonly used for
distributed parity performance, poor of two disks for parity failures data storage where
Data is written in write performance performance is not
blocks to each disk, critical but maximizing
with double parity disk usage and
written across all availability are
Es disks important
te
do
cu
RAID 0+1 N me sets in a
Striped Very good read and Only half the disk Can tolerate the Not commonly used
oe mirrored
ntoset write performance space is available due failure of two or more
stá pe
n l c
peA set ofordrivesrteis to mirroring disks provided that all
n
r mi and
striped,
d erothenethe
ce failed disks are in the
tid @ a
as is mirrored
s F
stripe set l as r.go erna
t same striped set
co b.a ndo
RAID 1+0 (or 10) iasp
Mirrored set in a stripe r goodCread
Very ord and
sin write performance
Only half the disk Can tolerate the Frequently used in
set au ero space is available due failure of two or more scenarios where
tor .
Several drives are iza to mirroring disks provided that performance and
mirrored to a second c ión both disks in a mirror redundancy are
set of drives, and then
. do not fail critical, and the cost
one drive from each of the required
mirror is striped additional disks is
acceptable

RAID 5+0 (or 50) Striped set with Good read The equivalent of at Provides better fault This level is
Es distributed parity in a performance, better least two disks is tolerance than a recommended for
te
do stripe set write performance used for parity single RAID level programs that require
cu
No me are striped with
Drives than RAID 5 high fault tolerance,
es nto
tán RAIDl 5, and pe then capacity, and random
c rt
r mird eparity
pestripedowithout
ce
ne
ero
positioning
tid aF @ performance
s as
las rt.g erna Requires at least six
co ob nd
pia .ar oC drives
ss ord
in ero
au .
tor
Note: The most common RAID levelscare i za
ión RAID 1 (also known as mirroring), RAID 5 (also known as
striped set with distributed parity), and RAID . 1+0 (also known as mirrored set in a stripe set).

The following image illustrates the RAID 1 level.

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe lco rte
rm rd ne
itid ero@ ce a
as F
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
ss ord
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au .
tor
iza
ció
n.

Es
te
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No me
es nto
tán pe
perte lco
rm rde nece
i r o
FIGURE 2.1: RAID 1 tidas @s a Fe
las rt.g r
co ob nand
p .ar oC
The following image illustrates the iasRAID 5 level.
ord

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.
FIGURE 2.2: RAID 5

The following image illustrates the RAID 6 level.

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
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te
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No me
es nto
tán pe
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itid ero@ ce a
The following image illustrates
as the RAIDF 1+ 0 level.
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
ss ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe lco rte
rm rd ne
itid ero@ ce a
as F
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
s ord

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.

Check Your Knowledge

s E
Discovery te do
cu
No configuremall
Should you en disks with the same amount of fault tolerance?
es to
tá pe
n lco rte
Show solution per Reset n
mi rdero ece
tid @ a as srt F
las .go erna
co b.a ndo
p r
Lab: Configuring localiasstorage
sin
Co
rde
ro.
au
tor
iza
ció
n.
Scenario
Your manager has asked you to add disk space to a file server that is running on a virtual machine. This virtual
machine will potentially grow significantly in size in the upcoming months and you might need flexibility in your
storage options. Your manager has asked you to optimize the cluster and sector size for virtual machines usage to
accommodate Es large file sizes for storage on virtual machines. You need to assess the best options for storage and
te
d
ease of expansionocfor
um potential future use.
No en
es to
tán pe
l r
Objectives perm orde tenec c
itid ro@ e a
a srt Fe
After completing this lab, syou las should .go be rnable to:
co b.a ando
pia
ss r Co
rde
in ro.
• Create and manage virtual hard disks. au
tor
iza
ció
• Resize volumes. n.

Lab setup
Es 40 minutes
Estimated time:te
do
cu
No me
Virtual machines:
es nto
20740C-LON-DC1, 20740C-LON-SVR1, and 20740C-LON-HOST1
tán pe
pe lcord rtene
rm
itid ero@ ce a
User name: Adatum\Administrator
as F
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
s ord
Password: Pa55w.rd

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

For this lab, you will use the available virtual machine environment. Before beginning the lab, you must complete
the following steps:

1. On the host computer, start Hyper-V Manager.

2. In Hyper-V Manager, click 20740C-LON-DC1, and then in the Actions pane, click Start.

3. In the Actions pane, click Connect. Wait until the virtual machine starts.
Es
te
4. do
Sign in by using cu the following credentials:
No me
e nto
o s
User tánname:l Administrator
pe
pe c o rte
rm rder nece
o Password: itPa55w.rd
ida o@
s
aF
sl
as rt.go erna
co b. nd
o Domain: Adatum pias ar oC
sin ord
au ero
tor .
5. Repeat steps 2 through 4 for 20740C-LON-SVR1. iza
ció
n.

Exercise 1: Creating and managing volumes

Es
Scenario te
do
cu
N me
In the test olab,
es you startntby o pcreating a number of volumes on the installed hard disks.
tán l ert
pe c o e
rm rder nece
it i
The main tasks for this exercised o @ area as
as F follows:
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
1. Create a hard disk volume andsiformat s
na for oReFS
rde
uto ro.
riz
2. Create a mirrored volume ac
ión
.

Detailed Steps ▼

Es
te
oc ▼ d
Detailed Stepsum
No en
es to
tán pe
pe l c ord rtene
Result: After completing
rm this exercise, you should have successfully created several volumes.
itid ero@ ce a
as F
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
ss ord
Exercise 2: Resizing volumesin ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.
Scenario

You create a new volume, and then realize that you must resize it. You decide to use Diskpart.exe to complete this
process.
Es
te
do this exercise are as follows:
The main tasks for cu
No me
es nto
tán p
1. Create a simple lco erteand
pe volume ne resize it
rm rd
itid ero@ ce a
2. Shrink a volume as la srt.g Fern
sc ob an
op . do
ias ar Co
3. Prepare for the next exercise rd

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

Detailed Steps ▼

Detailed Steps ▼

Detailed Steps ▼

Es
Result: Aftertecompleting
do this exercise, you should have successfully resized a volume.
cu
No m en
es to
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rdervirtual ne
Exercise 3: Managing itid o@ e a
c hard disks
as F
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
ss ord
Scenario in ero
au .
tor
iza
You are required to create and configure virtual cióhard disks for use in a Windows Server 2016 server computer. The
n.
virtual hard disk is for the Sales department. You decide to use Windows PowerShell to achieve these objectives.
First, you must install the Windows PowerShell Hyper-V module.

The main tasks for this exercise are as follows:

Es
te
do
1. cu
Install the Hyper-V module
No me
es n t op
2. Create atávirtual
n p hard lco diskert
erm rde enec
itid ro@ e a
as hard F
3. Reconfigure the virtual las srt.gdisk erna
ob
co
pi .ar ndo
Co
4. Prepare for the next moduleas si rde
na ro.
uto
riz
ac
ión
.
Detailed Steps ▼

Detailed Steps ▼
Es
te
do
cu
No Steps m▼
Detailed en
e stá to
pe
nplc rt
erm orde enec
itid ro@ e a
Detailed Steps ▼ as l s F
as rt.go erna
co b.a ndo
pia
ss r Co
rde
Result: After completing this exercise, i n rohave
auyou should . successfully created and managed virtual hard disks by
tor
using Windows PowerShell. i za
ció
n.

Review Question(s)

Check EYour
ste Knowledge
do
cu
No me
es nto
Discovery tán pe
pe rte
lco
rm rde nece
i r o
In the lab, you used thetidDiskpart.exe
as @sr acommand-line
Fe tool to create and resize volumes. What alternate Windows
PowerShell cmdlets could you las have rna
t.g used?
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
Show solution Reset s ord

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

Check Your Knowledge

Discovery
Your current volume runs out of disk space. You have another disk available in the same server. What actions in the
Windows operating system can you perform to help you add disk space?

Es
Show solution Reset
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
pe
Module review
tán
pe lcand
or rtentakeaways
e de rm ce
ro itid
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a r is of oC
Best Practice: The following s s list recommended
ord best practices:
• If you want to shrink a volume, i n e
au defragment ro. the volume first so you can reclaim more space from the
tor
volume. iza
ció
n.
• Use the GPT partition table format for disks larger than 2 TB.

• For very large volumes, use ReFS.

• Do not use FAT or FAT32 on Windows Server operating system disks.

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
Review Question(s)
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
Check Your Knowledge co ob nand
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
tor
Discovery iza
ció
n.
What are the two disk types in Disk Management?

Show solution Reset

Es
te
do
Check Your cu Knowledge
m
No en
es to
tán pe
pe l c ord rtene
rm
Discovery itid ero@ ce a
as srt F
What are the most important .go erna of RAID?
lasimplementations
co b.a ndo
pia
Show solution Reset ss r Co
rde
in ro.
au
tor
iza
ció
n.
Tools
The following table lists the tools that this module references.

Tool Es Use to Where to find it

te
do
cu
Disk Management
N me • Initialize disks In Server Manager on the Tools menu (part of
oe nto
stá pe Computer Management)
np lc rt
erm orde enec • Create and modify volumes
itid ro@ e a
as s Fe
las rt.g r
co ob nand
pia .ar oC
s ord

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8/9/2020 Module 2: Configuring Local Storage

Tool Use to Where to find it

Diskpart.exe • Initialize disks Command prompt

• Create and modify volumes from a

command prompt

Mklink.exe • Create a symbolic link to a file or folder Command prompt

Es
te
do
cu
No me
Chkdsk.exe
es nto • Check a disk for an NTFS-formatted Command prompt
tán pe
pe l c o r t e volume
rm rder nece
itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r • Cannot be used for ReFS or virtual
co ob nand
pia . a odisks
ss r Co
rde
in ro.
au
tor
Defrag.exe •
i z a
Disk Command prompt
ció defragmentation tool for NTFS-
n. volumes.
formatted

• Cannot be used for ReFS or virtual

disks

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe l c o rte
rm rder nece
itid o
as @sr a Fe
las t.g r
co ob nand
pia . a oC
ss r ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe lco rte
rm rd ne
itid ero@ ce a
as F
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
ss ord
in ero
au .
tor
iza
ció
n.

Es
te
do
cu
No me
es nto
tán pe
pe lco rte
rm rd ne
itid ero@ ce a
as F
las srt.g erna
co ob nd
pia .ar oC
s ord

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