Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phase in Duplex Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 9

Designation: A 923 – 03

Standard Test Methods for


Detecting Detrimental Intermetallic Phase in Duplex
Austenitic/Ferritic Stainless Steels1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* to promote the formation of an intermetallic phase. In the case


1.1 The purpose of these test methods is to allow detection of common heat treatment, this region will be that which
of the presence of intermetallic phases in duplex stainless steels cooled most slowly. Except for rapidly cooled material, it may
to the extent that toughness or corrosion resistance is affected be necessary to sample from a location determined to be the
significantly. These test methods will not necessarily detect most slowly cooled for the material piece to be characterized.
losses of toughness or corrosion resistance attributable to other 1.7 The tests do not determine the precise nature of the
causes. detrimental phase but rather the presence or absence of an
1.2 Duplex (austenitic-ferritic) stainless steels are suscep- intermetallic phase to the extent that it is detrimental to the
tible to the formation of intermetallic compounds during toughness and corrosion resistance of the material.
exposures in the temperature range from approximately 600 to 1.8 Examples of the correlation of thermal exposures, the
1750°F (320 to 955°C). The speed of these precipitation occurrence of intermetallic phases, and the degradation of
reactions is a function of composition and thermal or thermo- toughness and corrosion resistance are given in Appendix X1
mechanical history of each individual piece. The presence of and Appendix X2.
these phases is detrimental to toughness and corrosion resis- 1.9 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to
tance. be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses
1.3 Correct heat treatment of duplex stainless steels can are for information only.
eliminate these detrimental phases. Rapid cooling of the 1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
product provides the maximum resistance to formation of safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
detrimental phases by subsequent thermal exposures. responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.4 Compliance with the chemical and mechanical require- priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
ments for the applicable product specification does not neces- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
sarily indicate the absence of detrimental phases in the product. 2. Referenced Documents
1.5 These test methods include the following:
1.5.1 Test Method A—Sodium Hydroxide Etch Test for 2.1 ASTM Standards:
Classification of Etch Structures of Duplex Stainless Steels A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
(Sections 3-7). of Steel Products2
1.5.2 Test Method B—Charpy Impact Test for Classification G 48 Test Methods for Pitting and Crevice Corrosion Re-
of Structures of Duplex Stainless Steels (Sections 8-13). sistance of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys by Use of
1.5.3 Test Method C—Ferric Chloride Corrosion Test for Ferric Chloride Solution3
Classification of Structures of Duplex Stainless Steels (Sec- TEST METHOD A—SODIUM HYDROXIDE ETCH
tions 14-20). TEST FOR CLASSIFICATION OF ETCH
1.6 The presence of detrimental intermetallic phases is STRUCTURES OF DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS
readily detected in all three tests, provided that a sample of
appropriate location and orientation is selected. Because the 3. Scope
occurrence of intermetallic phases is a function of temperature 3.1 The sodium hydroxide etch test may be used for the
and cooling rate, it is essential that the tests be applied to the acceptance of material but not for rejection. This test method
region of the material experiencing the conditions most likely may be used with other evaluation tests to provide a rapid
method for identifying those specimens that are free of
detrimental intermetallic phases as measured in these other
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on tests.
Steel, Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee A01.14 on Methods of Corrosion Testing.
2
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2003. Published October 2003. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
approved in 1994. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as A 923–01e1. 3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.02.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.


Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.

1
A 923 – 03
3.2 The sodium hydroxide etch test may be used to screen the cutting of the test specimen should be by a technique that
specimens intended for testing in Test Method B, Charpy prevents these effects. Alternatively, after the specimens are
Impact Test for Classification of Structures of Duplex Stainless cut, any material that may have been affected by high tempera-
Steels, and in Test Method C, Ferric Chloride Corrosion Test ture or deformation associated with the cutting should be
for Classification of Structures of Duplex Stainless Steels. removed by machining or wet grinding prior to testing.
3.3 Reference photomicrographs are provided to show clas- 5.2 For mill products, the specimen should allow for a
sifications of etch structures of a particular stainless steel type survey across the full thickness of the section or, in the case of
that are equivalent to acceptable or to possibly unacceptable a heavy section, a survey from one surface through the
performance for each practice. When Test Method A is used as mid-thickness of the section. The specimen shall include the
a screening test for Test Method B or Test Method C, mid-thickness.
specimens having acceptable etch structures need not be 5.3 For cast materials, the specimen shall be taken at
subjected to Test Method B or Test Method C. approximately 1/4T.
3.4 Table 1 indicates the applicability and acceptance crite- 5.4 Polishing—On all materials, cross-sectional surfaces
ria for Test Method A. When Test Method A is specified as an should be polished to a metallographic finish suitable for
acceptance test, specimens having other than acceptable etch examination at 4003 after etching. Specimens containing
structures may, at the option of the producer, be tested by Test welds should include base metal, weld heat–affected zone, and
Method B or Test Method C. weld metal. The area to be etched may be prepared by grinding
3.5 The steel shall be tested in the final solution heat treated to an 80- or 120-grit finish on a grinding belt or wheel without
condition or such other conditions as are agreed upon between excessive heating and then by polishing on successively finer
the producer and the user. emery papers, No. 1, 1⁄2 , 1⁄0 , 2⁄0 , 3⁄0 , and finer. Other methods
of polishing may be acceptable.
4. Apparatus
5.5 Etching Solution—The solution for etching is prepared
4.1 Source of Direct Current—Battery, generator, or recti- by adding 40 g of reagent grade sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to
fier capable of supplying approximately 15 V and 20 A. 100 g of distilled water.
4.2 Ammeter—Range from 0 to 30 A (see Note 1). 5.6 Etching Conditions—The polished specimen should be
4.3 Variable Resistance (see Note 1). etched at approximately 1 to 3 V dc, for 5 to 60 s (see Note 2).
4.4 Cathode—A cylindrical piece of conductive metal.
4.5 Large Electric Clamp, to hold the specimen to be NOTE 2—When etching is performed at 1 to 3 V dc with a platinum
etched. cathode for 5 to 60 s, any intermetallic phase is revealed by yellow, then
brown, staining, followed by staining of the ferrite.
4.6 Metallurgical Microscope, for examination of etched
microstructures to 400 to 500 diameters. 5.7 Rinsing—Following etching, the specimen should be
4.7 Electrodes of the Etching Cell—The specimen to be rinsed thoroughly in hot water and in acetone or alcohol,
etched is made the anode, and a cylindrical piece of metal as followed by air drying.
large as the specimen to be etched is made the cathode.
4.8 Electrolyte, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), reagent grade. 6. Classification of Etch Structures
NOTE 1—The variable resistance and ammeter are placed in the circuit 6.1 The etched surface shall be examined on a metallurgical
to measure and control the current on the specimen to be etched. microscope at 400 to 5003.
5. Preparation of Test Specimens 6.2 The etched cross-sectional areas should be examined
thoroughly by complete traverse of the full sample and across
5.1 For mill products, examination shall be made on a all zones such as weld metal, weld-affected zones, and base
longitudinal or transverse section. For cast products, examina- metal on specimens containing welds.
tion shall be made on a separately cast test coupon which was 6.3 The etch structures are classified into the following
heat treated in the same furnace load as the casting it types:
represents. Unless otherwise specified, selection of the test
6.3.1 Unaffected Structure (Fig. 1, Fig. 2)—The ferrite has
coupon size shall be at the discretion of the producer. Because
been etched without revelation of intermetallic phase. The
high temperature or mechanical deformation associated with
interphase boundaries are smooth.
particular cutting processes may alter the structure of the steel,
6.3.2 Possibly Affected Structure (Fig. 3, Fig. 4)—The
ferrite has been etched with isolated indications of possible
TABLE 1 Applicability and Acceptance Criteria for
Test Method A
intermetallic phase. The interphase boundaries may show a fine
waviness.
Grade Acceptable Nonacceptable 6.3.3 Affected Structure (Fig. 5, Fig. 6)—The indications of
Etch Structure Etch Structure an intermetallic phase are readily revealed before or simulta-
S31803, unaffected possibly affected neously with the staining of the ferrite during etching.
S32205, structure (Fig. 1, structure (Fig. 3,
S32750, J92205 Fig. 2) Fig. 4) 6.3.4 Centerline Structure (Fig. 7)—An intermetallic phase
affected structure is observed as a continuous or semi-continuous phase in the
(Fig. 5, Fig. 6) mid-thickness region of the product, with or without the
centerline structure
(Fig. 7) affected structure outside of the mid-thickness region, indica-
tive of segregation.

2
A 923 – 03

FIG. 2 (a) J92205: Unaffected Structure-Statically Cast (4003


Magnification)

FIG. 1 Unaffected Structure in S31803: (a) Longitudinal Section


and (b) Transverse Section (5003 Magnification Before
Reproduction)
FIG. 2 (b) J92205: Unaffected Structure-Centrifugally Cast (4003
Magnification) (continued)
7. Interpretation and Use of the Etch Structure
Classifications
corrosion resistance associated with local depletion of chro-
7.1 When Test Method A is used as a screening test, the use mium and molybdenum as a result of the precipitation of
of these etch structures depends on the test method for which chromium-rich and possibly molybdenum-rich phases, not
the specimens are being screened. Important characteristics of limited to intermetallic phases. An Affected Structure is asso-
each of the test methods are described as follows. ciated with significant weight loss in the corrosion test. A
7.2 Test Method B—The Charpy impact test detects reduc- Possibly Affected Structure is likely to be associated with
tions in toughness from that of the optimal composition and significant weight loss in the corrosion test.
processing. Such reductions may be attributable to intermetal-
lic phases or to other causes not necessarily detectable by Test TEST METHOD B—CHARPY IMPACT TEST FOR
Method A. Test Method B is applicable to S31803, S32205, CLASSIFICATION OF STRUCTURES OF
and J92205. A Possibly Affected Structure is likely to be DUPLEX STAINLESS STEELS
associated with a loss of Charpy impact toughness ranging
from slight to severe. An Affected Structure is associated with 8. Scope
a severe loss of Charpy impact toughness. A Centerline 8.1 This test method describes the procedure for conducting
Structure may or may not be detected by a Charpy test, the Charpy impact test as a method of detecting the precipita-
depending on the orientation of the Charpy specimen. tion of detrimental intermetallic phases in duplex stainless
7.3 Test Method C—The ferric chloride corrosion test is a steels. The presence or absence of an indication of intermetallic
24-h test in 10 % ferric chloride. It will detect a loss of phase in this test is not necessarily a measure of performance

3
A 923 – 03

FIG. 4 (a) J92205: Possibly Affected Structure-Statically Cast


(4003 Magnification)

FIG. 3 Possibly Affected Structure in S31803: (a) Longitudinal


Section and (b) Transverse Section (5003 Magnification Before
Reproduction)

FIG. 4 (b) J92205: Possibly Affected Structure-Centrifugally Cast


of the material in service with regard to any property other than (4003 Magnification) (continued)
that measured directly. The Charpy procedure as here applied
is different from that as commonly applied for the determina- essentially free of detrimental effect on impact toughness
tion of toughness and should not be used when characterization related to the formation of intermetallic phase. Other mecha-
of material toughness is the purpose of the testing. nisms for loss of toughness may occur independently but are
8.2 The Charpy impact test may be used to evaluate mill and beyond the scope of this test method. Specimens showing
cast products, provided that it is possible to obtain a specimen Unaffected Structure in Test Method A are acceptable with
of relevant location and geometry. respect to the absence of intermetallic phases, without the
8.3 Table 2 indicates the applicability and acceptance crite- necessity of performing the Charpy test as described in Test
ria for Test Method B. Method B. All specimens having other than Unaffected Struc-
ture shall be tested by the Charpy impact test.
9. Rapid Screening Test
9.1 Before testing by the Charpy impact test, specimens of 10. Apparatus
the steel may be given a rapid screening test in accordance with 10.1 The test apparatus shall be as described in Test
the procedures of Test Method A, Sodium Hydroxide Etch Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
for Classification of Etch Structures of Duplex Stainless Steels.
Preparation, etching, and the classification of etch structures 11. Preparation of Test Specimens
are described therein. Specimens having an etch structure 11.1 The test specimen shall be as described in Test Meth-
described as Unaffected Structure in Test Method A will be ods and Definitions A 370.

4
A 923 – 03

FIG. 6 J92205: Affected Structure (4003 Magnification)

FIG. 5 Affected Structure in 8a S31803: (a) Longitudinal Section


and (b) Transverse Section (5003 Magnification Before
Reproduction)
FIG. 7 S31803: Longitudinal Section (5003 Magnification Before
Reproduction)
11.2 An impact test for the purpose of detecting intermetal-
lic phases shall consist of a single specimen taken from the
TABLE 2 Applicability and Acceptance Criteria for
product piece or lot to be represented. Test Method B
11.3 For mill products, the test specimen may be aligned in
either the longitudinal or transverse direction (see Note 3). For Grade Condition Acceptable Minimum Impact
castings, the test specimen shall be parallel to the side of the Energy at −40°F (−40°C)A
test coupon; the notch may be either parallel to or perpendicu- S31803, S32205, J92205 base metal 40 ft-lb (54 J)
heat-affected zone 40 ft-lb (54 J)
lar to the coupon surface. weld metal 25 ft-lb (34 J)
B
NOTE 3—The impact toughness of a transverse specimen from mill S32750 base metal
A
products of duplex stainless steels is typically one half to two thirds of that Energy for a full-size specimen. Required energy for a subsize specimen is
of a longitudinal specimen. reduced in direct proportion to the reduced area of the subsize specimen relative
to that of the full-size specimen.
11.4 Subsize specimens may be used for products with B
The acceptable minimum impact energy shall be agreed upon by seller and
thickness less than that of a full-size Charpy specimen. Subsize purchaser.

specimens should be as large as permitted by the product, in


quarter-size increments.
11.5 When this test is applied to a welded structure, or to example, in the heat-affected zone of a weld, the degree of
any product having a less than uniform structure, particular intermetallic formation may vary significantly over short
attention should be paid to the location of the V-notch. For

5
A 923 – 03
distances as a function of the local thermal cycle. In such cases, 15.1 Before testing by the ferric chloride corrosion test,
the placement of the V-notch may affect the measured result specimens of the steel may be given a rapid screening test in
significantly. accordance with the procedures of Test Method A, Sodium
Hydroxide Etch Test for Classification of Etch Structures of
12. Procedure Duplex Stainless Steels. Preparation, etching, and the classifi-
12.1 Perform the test in accordance with the procedures cation of etch structures are described therein. Specimens
described in Test Methods and Definitions A 370. having an etch structure described as Unaffected Structure in
12.2 Unless otherwise specified, perform the test at −40°F Test Method A will be essentially free of detrimental effects on
(−40°C). pitting corrosion resistance as related to the formation of an
intermetallic phase. Other mechanisms for loss of pitting
13. Acceptance Values and Retests resistance may occur independently but are beyond the scope
of this test method. Specimens showing Unaffected3 Structure
13.1 Unless otherwise specified, the acceptance criteria
in Test Method A are acceptable with respect to the absence of
shall be as given in Table 2.
intermetallic phases and need not be tested by the ferric
13.2 If a test specimen shows a value below the specified
chloride corrosion test as described in Test Method C. All
minimum, one retest of two specimens is permitted. For
specimens having other than Unaffected Structure shall be
acceptance, both retest specimens shall show a value at or
tested by the ferric chloride corrosion test.
above the specified minimum value.
13.3 A product that has failed the Charpy impact test may,
16. Apparatus
at the option of the producer, be given a full anneal and
retested. 16.1 Glass Beakers, 1000-mL, tall-form, or Erlenmeyer
flasks, 1000-mL, wide neck, or 50-mm (2-in.) diameter test
TEST METHOD C—FERRIC CHLORIDE tubes, or other suitable glass containers.
CORROSION TEST FOR CLASSIFICATION OF 16.2 Glass Cradles (Fig. 8)—The dimensions of the cradle
STRUCTURES OF DUPLEX shall be restricted to those that will permit its passage through
STAINLESS STEELS the test container opening, a diameter of approximately 40 mm
(1.6 in.) in the case of the Erlenmeyer flask.
14. Scope 16.3 Water or Oil Bath, constant temperature.
14.1 This test method describes the procedure for conduct-
17. Ferric Chloride Test Solution
ing the ferric chloride corrosion test for detecting the presence
of detrimental intermetallic phases in duplex stainless steels. 17.1 The test solution is prepared by dissolving 100 g of
The presence or absence of corrosion attack in this test is not reagent-grade ferric chloride, FeCl3·6H2O, in 900 mL of
necessarily a measure of the performance of the material in distilled water (approximately 6 % FeCl3 by weight). The
other corrosive environments; in particular, it does not provide solution is filtered through glass wool or filter paper to remove
a basis for predicting resistance to forms of corrosion not insoluble particles.
associated with the precipitation of intermetallic phases (see 17.2 The pH of the test solution shall be adjusted to
Note 4). approximately 1.3 prior to beginning the test by the addition of
14.2 The ferric chloride corrosion test may be used to HCl or NaOH, as required.
evaluate mill products, provided that it is possible to obtain a
specimen of relevant location and geometry. 18. Test Specimen
14.3 Table 3 indicates the applicability and acceptance 18.1 Various shapes and sizes of test specimens may be
criteria for Test Method C. used. For flat products, a specimen should be approximately 25
NOTE 4—Although this test method uses some equipment and proce- by 50 mm (1 by 2 in.) by thickness. The full thickness of the
dures similar to those of Test Method G 48, this test method should not be product should be included. In the case of heavier sections, the
confused with Test Method G 48. This test method does not determine the specimen may be taken in a perpendicular orientation with
critical pitting temperature or test for the suitability for use in a particular dimensions of approximately 6 by 25 mm (1⁄4 by 1 in.) by
environment. This test method is designed solely for detection of the thickness. In very heavy sections, the thickness dimension of
precipitation of detrimental intermetallic phases in duplex stainless steels. the specimen may be cut so that one half to two thirds of the
15. Rapid Screening Test product thickness is tested.
18.2 Other product forms may be cut for test specimens
convenient for testing, provided that the specimen exposes
TABLE 3 Applicability and Acceptance Criteria for surfaces representative of the full thickness of the product.
Test Method C 18.3 After the specimens are cut, any material that may have
Grade Condition Test Maximum Acceptable been affected by high temperature or deformation associated
Temperature Corrosion Rate Calculated with the cutting should be removed by machining or grinding
from Weight Loss
prior to testing.
S31803, S32205 base metal 25°C (77°F) 10 mdd 18.4 For mill products, all surfaces of the specimen should
weld metal 22°C (72°F) 10 mdd
S32750 base metal 40°C (107°F) 10 mdd be polished to a uniform finish at least equal to a 120-grit
finish, or finer. Wet polishing is preferred. If used, dry

6
A 923 – 03

FIG. 8 Examples of Glass Cradles That Can Be Used to Support


the Specimen

polishing should be performed slowly to prevent overheating. Maintain the test temperature throughout the test. Cover the
Sharp edges of the specimen should be rounded, with care test container with a watchglass during the test period. Unless
taken to remove all burrs. otherwise specified, the test period shall be 24 h.
18.5 The surface of the specimen shall not be chemically 19.6 At the end of the 24-h test period, remove the specimen
passivated by treatments such as nitric, citric, or phosphoric from the solution, rinse with water, scrub with a soft bristle
acid, or pickled by treatments such as nitric hydrofluoric acid, brush under running water to remove corrosion products,
subsequent to grinding the surface. dipped in acetone or alcohol, and dried in air. Ultrasonic
18.6 For other than mill products, testing of a specimen with cleaning is a permitted alternative when there are corrosion
the surface in the as-fabricated condition may be relevant to the products that are difficult to remove.
application. 19.7 Weigh the specimen to 0.001 g or better and reserve for
18.7 The dimensions of the specimen are measured, and the examination.
total exposed surface area is calculated.
18.8 The specimen should be cleaned with magnesiumoxide 20. Acceptance Values
paste or equivalent, rinsed well with water, dipped in alcohol or 20.1 The corrosion rate is calculated in accordance with the
acetone, and air dried. The specimen shall be weighed to the weight loss and total surface area (see Note 5). Unless
nearest 0.001 g or better. It should be stored in a desiccator otherwise specified, the calculated corrosion rate shall not
until ready for testing. exceed 10 mdd (see Note 6).
19. Procedure NOTE 5—The corrosion rate is calculated in accordance with the
following: corrosion rate (mdd)
19.1 Perform the test using ferric-chloride solution with a = weight loss (mg)/[specimen area (dm2) 3 time (days)]
volume at least the larger of 150 mL or 20 mL/cm2(125 NOTE 6—It is probable that corrosion will occur by pitting when it does
mL/in.2) of the specimen surface area. Fill the test container occur. The calculation of a uniform corrosion rate would be an inappro-
with the required volume, transfer to the constant temperature priate method of expressing the pitting corrosion. However, in this case,
bath, and allow to come to equilibrium at the desired test the calculation of a corrosion rate is used primarily to normalize the
temperature. weight loss for the variety of specimen sizes and shapes permitted.
19.2 Unless otherwise specified, the test temperature for 20.2 If the specimen shows a corrosion rate in excess of 10
wrought products of S31803 and S32205 shall be 25°C (77°F), mdd, one retest on two new specimens from the same product
maintained within an accuracy of 61°C (2°F) during the test. is permitted. No retest specimen shall exhibit a corrosion rate
19.3 Unless otherwise specified, the test temperature for in excess of 10 mdd.
S31803 and S32205 products containing weldments shall be 20.3 At the option of the producer, a product that has failed
22°C (72°F), maintained within an accuracy of 61°C (2°F) the ferric-chloride corrosion test may be given a full anneal and
during the test. retested.
19.4 Unless otherwise specified, the test temperature for
S32750 products shall be 40°C (104°F), maintained within an 21. Precision and Bias
accuracy of 61°C (2°F) during the test. 21.1 No statement is made concerning either the precision
19.5 Place the specimen in the glass cradle and immerse in or bias of Test Methods A, B, or C for detecting the presence
the test solution once the temperature has been established. or absence of detrimental intermetallic phases in wrought

7
A 923 – 03
duplex stainless steels because the results state merely whether 22. Keywords
there is conformance to the criteria for success specified in the
22.1 duplex; intermetallic; stainless steels
procedure.

APPENDIXES

(Nonmandatory Information)

X1. EXAMPLE OF THE EFFECT OF THERMAL EXPOSURE ON TOUGHNESS AND


CORROSION RESISTANCE OF S31803

TABLE X1.1 Effect of Thermal ExposureA


Composition of Test Material

C Mn P S Si Cr Ni Mo N
0.023 1.44 0.022 0.001 0.49 22.3 5.60 3.13 0.182
Heat Treatment Condition CVN Impact Energy (ft-lb at −40°F (J at −40°C))B Critical Pitting Temperature (°C)C
Longitudinal Transverse
Mill annealed 185 (251) 127 (172) 35
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ 196 (266) 123 (167) not tested
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 5 min, 1550°F 42 (60) 25 (34) 20
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 10 min, 32 (43) 16 (22) 15
1550°F
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 15 min, 26 (35) 12 (16) not tested
1550°F
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 20 min, 21 (28) 9 (12) 15
1550°F
1950°F (1066°C) + air cool 198 (268) 133 (180) not tested
1950°F (1066°C) + slow cool 80 (108) 88 (119) 30
A
Davison, R. M., and Redmond, J. D., Paper No. 302, NACE Corrosion 91, 1991.
B 3
⁄8-in.
(9.5-mm) plate, three-quarter size Charpy specimen.
C
CPT per Test Method G 48, Test Method A.

8
A 923 – 03

X2. EXAMPLE OF THE EFFECT OF THERMAL EXPOSURE ON TOUGHNESS OF J92205

TABLE X2.1 Effect of Thermal Exposure on Cast Grade J92205A


Heat C Mn Si Cr Ni S P Mo Cu N
1A 0.02 0.95 0.56 22.3 5.5 0.007 0.016 3.0 0.75 0.20
2 0.026 0.39 0.74 22.2 6.2 0.005 0.033 2.8 0.19 0.24
3 0.033 0.51 0.74 22.8 6.7 0.01 0.024 2.91 0.07 0.13
Heat Heat Treatment Condition CVN Impact Energy
(ft-lb at −40°F (J at −40°C))
A
1 1950°F (1066°C) + WQ 84 (114)
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ, 1550°F (843°C) + WQ 47 (64)
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 5 min, 1550°F (843°C) + WQ 18 (24)
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 10 min, 1550°F (843°C) + WQ 15 (20)
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 15 min, 1550°F (843°C) + WQ 9 (12)
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 20 min, 1550°F (843°C) + WQ 10 (14)
1950°F (1066°C) + air cool 22 (30)
1950°F (1066°C) + hold 30 min, slow cool 4 (5)
2 1950°F (1066°C) + WQ 136 (184)
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ, 1550°F (843°C) + WQ 34 (46)
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 5 min, 1550°F (843°C) + WQ 39 (53)
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 10 min, 1550°F (843°C) + WQ 26 (35)
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 15 min, 1550°F (843°C) + WQ 35 (47)
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 20 min, 1550°F (843°C) + WQ 17 (23)
1950°F (1066°C) + air cool 25 (34)
1950°F (1066°C) + hold 30 min, slow cool 5 (7)
3 1950°F (1066°C) + WQ 106 (144)
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ, 1550°F (843°C) + WQ 84 (114)
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 5 min, 1550°F (843°C) + WQ 59 (80)
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 10 min, 1550°F (843°C) + WQ 36 (49)
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 15 min, 1550°F (843°C) + WQ 26 (35)
1950°F (1066°C) + WQ + 20 min, 1550°F (843°C) + WQ 27 (37)
1950°F (1066°C) + air cool 50 (68)
1950°F (1066°C) + hold 30 min, slow cool 8 (11)
A
Heat 1 was centrifugally cast. Heats 2 and 3 were statically cast.

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 had identified the location of selected changes made to this standard since the last issue,
A 923–01e1, that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Oct. 1, 2003).

(1) Title was revised. (4) New figures were added


(2) Sections 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, and 11 were revised. (5) Section 5.3 and Appendix X2 were added.
(3) Tables 1 and 2 were revised.

ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned
in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk
of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.

This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the
responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should
make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.

This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above
address or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or service@astm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website
(www.astm.org).

You might also like