1.

Geometrical Construction

Question:1
Draw line segments of the lengths given below and draw their perpendicular bisectors.

1
5.3 cm 2
6.7 cm 3
3.8 cm
Solution:
1
5.3 cm
Steps of construction:
1. Draw line segment AB = 5.3 cm.
2. With A as centre and radius more than half of AB, mark two arcs, one above and other below the line AB.
3. With B as centre and same radius, draw two arcs cutting the previous drawn arcs and name the point of
intersection as X and Y.
4. Join XY and name the point where this line cuts AB as point P.
XY is the perpendicular bisector of AB.

2
6.7 cm
Steps of construction:
1. Draw line segment CD = 6.7 cm.
2. With C as centre and radius more than half of CD, mark two arcs, one above and other below the line CD.
3. With D as centre and same radius, draw two arcs cutting the previous drawn arcs and name the point of
intersection as A and B.
4. Join AB and name the point where this line cuts CD as point Q.
AB is the perpendicular bisector of CD.

3
3.8 cm
Steps of construction:
1. Draw line segment XY = 3.8 cm.
2. With X as centre and radius more than half of XY, mark two arcs, one above and other below the line XY.
3. With Y as centre and same radius, draw two arcs cutting the previous drawn arcs and name the point of
intersection as A and B.
4. Join AB and name the point where this line cuts XY as point R.
AB is the perpendicular bisector of XY.

Question:2
Draw angles of the measures given below and draw their bisectors.

1
105° 2
55° 3
90°
Solution:
1
105°
Steps of Construction:
1. Draw a ray BC.
2. With B as centre, use a protractor to make an angle of 105°. Thus, ∠
ABC = 105°.
3. With X and Y as centre, draw arcs intersecting each other at point M.
BM is the required angle bisector of ∠
ABC.

2
55°
Steps of Construction:
1. Draw a ray OX.
2. With O as centre, use a protractor to make an angle of 55°. Thus, ∠
YOX = 55°.
3. With P and Q as centre, draw arcs intersecting each other at point A.
OA is the required angle bisector of ∠
YOX.
3
90°
Steps of Construction:
1. Draw a ray OB.
2. With O as centre, use a protractor to make an angle of 90°. Thus, ∠
AOB = 90°.
3. With X and Y as centre, draw arcs intersecting each other at point S.
OS is the required angle bisector of ∠
AOB.

Question:3
Draw an obtuse-angled triangle and a right-angled triangle. Find the points of concurrence of the angle bisectors of
each triangle. Where do the points of concurrence lie?
Solution:
I. Right angled triangle
Steps of construction
1. Draw a right angled triangle ABC, right angled at B.
2. Make the angle bisectors of the angles A, B and C.
The angle bisectors meet at the point O. This point of concurrence of the angle bisectors lies inside the triangle
ABC.

II. Obtuse-angled triangle

Steps of construction
1. Draw an obtuse angled triangle XYZ.
2. Make the angle bisectors of angles X, Y and Z.
The angle bisectors meet at point S. This point of concurrence of the angle bisectors lies inside the obtuse angled
triangle XYZ.
Question:4
Draw a right-angled triangle. Draw the perpendicular bisectors of its sides. Where does the point of concurrence lie
?
Solution:
Steps of construction
1. Draw the right angle triangle ABC.
2. Draw the perpendicular bisectors of the sides AB, BC and CA.
The perpendicular bisectors meet at the point D which lies on the hypotenuse AC.

Question:5
Maithili, Shaila and Ajay live in three different places in the city. A toy shop is equidistant from the three houses.
Which geometrical construction should be used to represent this? Explain your answer.
Solution:

Maithili, Shaila and Ajay be the three vertices of a triangle.

A toy shop equidistant from these three points will be the point of concurrence of the perpendicular bisectors
of the lines joining the three vertices of the triangle. Thus, the geometrical construction representing this will be the
circumcircle.

Question:6
Draw triangles with the measures given
below.
a
In Δ
ABC , lAB
= 5.5 cm,lBC
= 4.2 cm, lAC
= 3.5 cm

b
In Δ STU, lST
=7 cm, lTU
=4 cm, lSU
=5 cm

c
In Δ PQR, lPQ
= 6 cm, lQR
= 3.8 cm, lPR
= 4.5 cm
Solution:
a
In Δ
ABC , lAB
= 5.5 cm,lBC
= 4.2 cm, lAC
= 3.5 cm
Steps of construction
1. Draw a line AB = 5.5 cm
2. With A as centre and 3.5 cm as the radius, draw an arc above the line AB.
3. With B as the centre and 4.2 cm as the radius, draw an arc cutting the previous drawn arc at point C.
4. Join CA and CB.
Δ
ABC is thus the required triangle.

b
In Δ STU, lST
= 7 cm, lTU
= 4 cm, lSU
= 5 cm
Steps of construction
1. Draw a line ST = 7 cm
2. With S as centre and 5 cm as the radius, draw an arc above the line ST.
3. With T as the centre and 4 cm as the radius, draw an arc cutting the previous drawn arc at point U.
4. Join US and UT.
Δ
STU is thus the required triangle.
c
In Δ PQR, lPQ
= 6 cm, lQR
= 3.8 cm, lPR
= 4.5 cm
Steps of construction
1. Draw a line PQ = 6 cm
2. With P as centre and 4.5 cm as the radius, draw an arc above the line PQ.
3. With Q as the centre and 3.8 cm as the radius, draw an arc cutting the previous drawn arc at point R.
4. Join RP and RQ.
Δ
PQR is thus the required triangle.

Question:7
Draw an isosceles triangle with base 5 cm and the other sides 3.5 cm each.
Solution:
Steps of construction:
1. Draw a line PQ = 5 cm.
2. With P as centre and 3.5 cm as radius, draw an arc above the line PQ.
3. With Q as centre and 3.5 cm as radius, draw an arc cutting the previous drawn arc. Name the point of intersection
as point R.
Join RP and RQ. △
RPQ is the required isosceles triangle.

Question:8
Draw an equilateral triangle with side 6.5 cm.
Solution:
Steps of construction:
1. Draw a line BC = 6.5 cm.
2. With B as centre and 6.5 cm as radius, draw an arc above the line BC.
3. With C as centre and 6.5 cm as radius, draw an arc cutting the previous drawn arc. Name the point of intersection
as point A.
Join AB and AC. △
ABC is the required equilateral triangle.
Question:9
Choose the lengths of the sides yourself and draw one equilateral, one isosceles and one scalene triangle.
Solution:
1. Equilateral triangle
Steps of construction:
1. Draw a line BC = 4 cm.
2. With B as centre and 4 cm as radius, draw an arc above the line BC.
3. With C as centre and 4 cm as radius, draw an arc cutting the previous drawn arc. Name the point of intersection
as point A.
Join AB and AC. △
ABC is the required equilateral triangle.

2. Isosceles triangle
Steps of construction:
1. Draw a line QR = 6 cm.
2. With Q as centre and 4 cm as radius, draw an arc above the line QR.
3. With R as centre and 4 cm as radius, draw an arc cutting the previous drawn arc. Name the point of intersection
as point P.
Join PQ and RP. △
RPQ is the required isosceles triangle.

3. Scalene triangle
Steps of construction
1. Draw a line XY = 5 cm.
2. With X as centre and 3 cm as radius, draw an arc above the line XY.
3. With Y as centre and 4.5 cm as radius, draw an arc cutting the previous drawn arc. Name the point of intersection
as point Z.
Join ZX and ZY. △
ZXY is the required isosceles triangle.

Question:10
Draw triangles with the measures given below.

In ΔMAT, lMA
= 5.2 cm, m∠A = 80° , lAT
= 6 cm
Solution:
Steps of construction
1. Draw a line AM = 5.2 cm.
2. With A as centre, draw an angle of 80°
using protractor. Name this angle as ∠
XAM.
3. With A as centre and 6 cm as radius, cut an arc on XA and name it as point T.
4. Join TM.
ΔMAT is the required triangle.

Question:11
Draw triangles with the measures given below.
In Δ NTS, m ∠T = 40° , lNT
= lTS
= 5 cm
Solution:
Steps of construction
1. Draw a line TS = 5 cm.
2. With T as centre, draw an angle of 40°
using protractor. Name this angle as ∠
XTS.
3. With T as centre and 5 cm as radius, cut an arc on XT and name it as point N.
4. Join NS.
ΔNTS is the required triangle.

Question:12
Draw triangles with the measures given below.
In ΔFUN, lFU
= 5 cm, lUN
= 4.6 cm, m ∠U = 110°
Solution:
Steps of Construction:
1. Draw a line UN = 4.6 cm
2. With U as centre, draw an angle of 110°
using the protractor. Name the angle thus formed as ∠
XUN.
3. With U as centre and 5 cm radius, cut an arc on XU and name it as point F.
4. Join FN.
ΔFUN is the required triangle.

Question:13
Draw triangles with the measures given below.
In ΔPRS, lRS
= 5.5 cm, lRP
= 4.2 cm, m ∠R = 90°
Solution:
Steps of construction:
1. Draw a line RS = 5.5 cm.
2. With R as centre, draw an angle of 90°
and name it as ∠
XRS.
3. With R as centre and 4.2 cm radius in compass, cut an arc on XR and name it P.
Join PS.
ΔPRS is the required triangle.

Question:14
Construct triangles of the measures given below.
In ΔSAT, lAT
= 6.4 cm, m ∠A = 45° , m ∠T = 105°
Solution:
Steps of construction:
1. Draw a line AT = 6.4 cm.
2. With A as centre, draw ∠XAT = 45°
.
3. With T as centre, draw ∠YTA = 105º.
4. Let YT and XA meet at point S.
ΔSAT is the required triangle.
Question:15
Construct triangles of the measures given below.
In ΔMNP, lNP
= 5.2 cm, m∠N = 70° , m ∠P = 40°
Solution:
Steps of construction:
1. Draw a line NP = 5.2 cm.
2. With N as centre, draw ∠XNP = 70°
.
3. With P as centre, draw ∠YPN = 40º.
4. Let YP and XN meet at point M.
ΔMNP is the required triangle.

Question:16
Construct triangles of the measures given below.
In ΔEFG, lEG
= 6 cm, m∠F = 65° , m∠G = 45°
Solution:
Using the angle sum property, we can find the third angle of the triangle FEG.
∠F + ∠E + ∠G = 180° ⇒ 65° + ∠E + 45° = 180° ⇒ ∠E = 70°

Steps of construction:
1. Draw a line EG = 6 cm.
2. With E as centre, draw ∠XEG = 70°
.
3. With G as centre, draw ∠YGE = 45º.
4. Let YG and XE meet at point F.
ΔFEG is the required triangle.

Question:17
Construct triangles of the measures given below.
In ΔXYZ, lXY
= 7.3 cm, m∠X = 34° , m∠Y = 95°
Solution:
Steps of construction:
1. Draw a line XY = 7.3 cm.
2. With X as centre, draw ∠BXY = 34°
.
3. With Y as centre, draw ∠AYX = 95º.
4. Let BX and AY meet at point Z.
ΔXYZ is the required triangle.

Question:18
Construct triangles of the measures given below.
In ΔMAN, m ∠MAN = 90° , lAN
= 8 cm, lMN
= 10 cm.
Solution:
Steps of construction
1. Draw a line AN = 8 cm.
2. With A as centre, draw ∠XAN = 90º.
3. With N as centre and 10 cm as radius, cut an arc on XA and name it as point M.
4. Join MN.
ΔMAN is thus formed.

Question:19
Construct triangles of the measures given below.
In the right-angled ΔSTU, hypotenuse SU = 5 cm and lST
= 4 cm.
Solution:
Steps of construction
1. Draw a line ST = 4 cm.
2. With T as centre, draw ∠XTS = 90º.
3. With S as centre and 5 cm as radius, cut an arc on XT and name it as point U.
4. Join US.
ΔUST is thus formed.

Question:20
Construct triangles of the measures given below.
In ΔABC, lAC
= 7.5 cm, m ∠ABC = 90° , lBC
= 5.5 cm.
Solution:
Steps of construction
1. Draw a line BC = 5.5 cm.
2. With B as centre, draw ∠XBC = 90º.
3. With C as centre and 7.5 cm as radius, cut an arc on XB and name it as point A.
4. Join AC.
ΔABC is thus formed.

Question:21
Construct triangles of the measures given below.
In ΔPQR, lPQ
= 4.5 cm, lPR
= 11.7 cm, m ∠PQR = 90° .
Solution:
Steps of construction
1. Draw a line PQ = 4.5 cm.
2. With Q as centre, draw ∠XQP = 90º.
3. With P as centre and 11.7 cm as radius, cut an arc on XQ and name it as point R.
4. Join RP.
ΔPQR is thus formed.

Question:22
Students should take examples of their own and practise construction of triangles.
Solution:
In ΔPQR, lPR
= 8 cm, m ∠PQR = 90° , lQR
= 6 cm.
Steps of construction
1. Draw a line QR = 6 cm.
2. With Q as centre, draw ∠XQR = 90º.
3. With R as centre and 8 cm as radius, cut an arc on XQ and name it as point P.
4. Join PR.
ΔPQR is thus formed.
Question:23
Write the names of pairs of congruent line segments. Useadividertofindthem.

i
...........................
ii
...........................
iii
...........................
iv
...........................

Solution:
i
segMG
≅
segGR

ii
segMG
≅
segNG

iii
segGC
≅
segGB

iv
segGE
≅
segGR

Question:24
On the line below, the distance between any two adjoining points shown on it is equal. Hence, fill in the blanks.

i
seg AB ≅ seg....... ii
seg AP ≅ seg....... iii
seg AC ≅ seg.......
iv
seg....... ≅ seg BY v
seg....... ≅ seg YQ vi
seg BW ≅ seg.......
Solution:
Given that the distance between any two adjoining points shown on it is equal.
i
seg AB ≅ seg WA
ii
seg AP ≅ seg YC
iii
seg AC ≅ seg PY
iv
seg PW ≅ seg BY
v
seg YA ≅ seg YQ
vi
seg BW ≅ seg ZQ

Question:25
Some angles are given below. Using the symbol of congruence write the names of the pairs of congruent angles in
these figures.

Solution:
OB is the angle bisector of ∠
AOC.
So, ∠
AOB = ∠
BOC = 45°

Thus, ∠AOB ≅ ∠BOC

Also, ∠AOB ≅ ∠SRT

and ∠
BOC ≅
∠
RST.
∠
AOC = ∠
PQR = 90°

∠
AOC ≅
∠
PQR
∠
DOC = ∠
LMN = 30º
So, ∠
DOC ≅
∠
LMN
 2. Multiplication and Division of Integers

Question:1
Multiply.
i
(-5)× (-7)

ii
(-9)× (6)

iii
(9)× (-4)

iv
(8)× (-7)

v
(-124)× (-1)

vi
(-12)× (-7)

vii
(-63)× (-7)

viii
(-7)× (15)
Solution:
i
(-5)× (-7) = 35

ii
(-9)× (6) = -54

iii
(9)× (-4) = -36

iv
(8)× (-7) = -56

v
(-124)× (-1) = 124

vi
(-12)× (-7) = 84

vii
(-63)× (-7) = 441

viii
(-7)× (15) = -105

Question:2
Solve :
i
(-96)÷ 16
ii
98 ÷ (-28)

iii
(-51)÷ 68

iv
38 ÷ (-57)

v
(-85)÷ 20

vi
(-150)÷ (-25)

vii
100 ÷ 60

viii
9 ÷ (-54)

ix
78 ÷ 65

x
(-5)÷ (-315)
Solution:
i
(-96)÷ 16 = -6

ii
-7
98 ÷ (-28) = 2

iii
-3
(-51)÷ 68 = 4

iv
-2
38 ÷ (-57) = 3

v
-17
(-85)÷ 20 = 4

vi
(-150)÷ (-25) = 6

vii
5
100 ÷ 60 = 3

viii
-1
9 ÷ (-54) = 6

ix
6
78 ÷ 65 = 5

x
 1
(-5)÷ (-315) = 63

Question:3
24
Write three divisions of integers such that the fractional form of each will be 5

.
Solution:
-24 48 -48

The three divisions of integers are -5 , 10 and -10

Question:4
-5
Write three divisions of integers such that the fractional form of each will be 7

.
Solution:
-5 3 -15 -5 4 -20 -5 5 -25
7 ×3 = 21 7 × 4 = 28 7 × 5 = 35

-15 -20 -25

Hence, the three divisions of integers are 21 , 28 and 35

Question:5
The fish in the pond below, carry some numbers. Choose any 4 pairs and carry out four multiplications with those
numbers. Now, choose four other pairs and carry out divisions with these numbers.
For example,
1. – 13
× – 15
= 195
-24 -8
2. (-24)÷ 9 = 9 -3

Solution:
The four such multiplications are
−13
× 9 = 117
−15
× 12 = −180
−8
× −18
= 144
13 × 41 = 533
The four such division are
−18
 ÷ 9 = −2
−24
÷ 12 = −2
−13
÷ 13 = −1
−27
÷ 9 = −3
 3. HCF and LCM

Question:1
Which number is neither a prime number nor a composite number?
Solution:
1 is neither a prime number nor a composite number.

Question:2
Which of the following are pairs of co-primes?
i
8, 14
ii
4, 5
iii
17, 19
iv
27, 15

Solution:
Two numbers which have only 1 as a common factor are said to be co-prime or relatively prime or mutually prime
numbers.
We can write 17 as 17 × 1 and 19 as 17 × 1.
Hence, 17 and 19 is a pair of co-prime numbers.

Question:3
List the prime numbers from 25 to 100 and say how many they are.
Solution:
There are a total of 16 prime numbers between 25 and 100 which are 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61, 67, 71, 73,
79, 83, 89, 97.

Question:4
Write all the twin prime numbers from 51 to 100.
Solution:
If the difference between two co-prime numbers is 2, the numbers are said to be twin prime numbers.
Hence, the twin prime numbers between 51 and 100 are 59 and 61, 71 and 73.

Question:5
Write 5 pairs of twin prime numbers from 1 to 50.
Solution:
If the difference between two co-prime numbers is 2 then, the numbers are said to be twin prime numbers.
Hence, the twin prime numbers from 1 to 50 are 2, 3
, 5, 7
, 11, 12
, 17, 19
and 29, 30
.

Question:6
Which are the even prime numbers?
Solution:
There is only even prime number which is 2.
Question:7
Factorise the following numbers into primes.
i
32
ii
57
iii
23
iv
150
v
216
vi
208
vii
765
viii
342
ix
377
x
559
Solution:
i

32 = 2 × 16
=2×2×8
=2×2×2×4
​= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2
ii

57 = 3 × 19
iii

23 = 23 × 1
iv

150 = 2 × 75
= 2 × 3 × 25
​= 2 × 3 × 5 × 5
v

216 = 2 × 108
= 2×2 × 54
= 2×2 × 2 × 27
= 2×2 ×2×3×9
= 2×2 ×2×3×3×3
vi

208 = 2 × 104
= 2 × 2 × 52
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 26
= 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 13
vii

765 = 3 × 255
= 3 × 3 × 85
= 3 × 3 × 5 × 17
viii
342 = 2 × 171
= 2 × 3 × 57
= 2 × 3 × 3 × 19
ix

377 = 13 × 29
x

559 = 13 × 43

Question:8
Find the HCF.
i
25, 40
ii
56, 32
iii
40, 60, 75
iv
16, 27
v
18, 32, 48
vi
105, 154
vii
42, 45, 48
viii
57, 75, 102
ix
56, 57
x
777, 315, 588
Solution:
i

HCF = 5

ii

HCF = 2 × 2 × 2= 8

iii

HCF = 5

iv
HCF = 1

HCF = 2

vi

HCF = 7

vii

HCF = 3

viii

HCF = 3

ix

HCF = 1

HCF = 3 × 7 = 21

Question:9
Find the HCF by the division method and reduce to the simplest form.

i
275
525

ii
76
133

iii
161
69

Solution:
i

HCF = 25
275 275÷25 11
∴ 525 = 525÷25 = 21

ii

HCF = 19
76 76÷19 4
∴ 133 = 133÷19 = 7

iii

HCF = 23
161 161÷23 7
∴ 69 = 69÷23 = 3

Question:10
Find the LCF.
i
12, 15
ii
6, 8, 10
iii
18, 32
iv
10, 15, 20
v
45, 86
vi
15, 30, 90
vii
105, 195
viii
12, 15, 45
ix
63, 81
x
18, 36, 27
Solution:
i

LCM = 3 × 5 × 4 = 60

ii

LCM = 2 × 3 × 4 × 5​ = 120

iii

LCM = 2 × 9 × 16 ​= 288

iv

LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 60

LCM = 45 × 86 = 3870

vi

LCM = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 90
vii

LCM = 3 × 5 × 7 × 13 = 1365

viii

LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 180

ix

LCM = 3 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 567

​LCM = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 = 108

Question:11
Find the HCF and LCM of the numbers given below. Verify that their product is equal to the product of the given
numbers.
i
32, 37
ii
46, 51
iii
15, 60
iv
18, 63
v
78, 104
Solution:
i

HCF = 1
LCM = 32 × 37 = 1184
Product of two numbers = 32 × 37 = 1184
Product of HCF and LCM = 1 × 1184 = 1184

ii

HCF = 1
LCM = 46 × 51 = 2346
Product of two numbers = 46 × 51= 2346
Product of HCF and LCM = 1 × 2346 = 2346

iii

HCF = 3 × 5 = 15
LCM = 3 × 5 × 4 = 60
Product of two numbers = 15 × 60 = 900
Product of HCF and LCM = 15 × 60 = 900

iv

HCF = 3 × 3 = 9
LCM = 3 × 3 × 2 × 7 = 126
Product of two numbers = 18 × 63 = 1134
Product of HCF and LCM = 9 × 126 = 1134
v

HCF = 2 × 13 = 26
LCM = 2 × 13 × 3 × 4 = 312
Product of two numbers = 78 × 104 = 8112
Product of HCF and LCM = 26 × 312 = 8112

Question:12
Choose the right option.
i
The HCF of 120 and 150 is ................... .
1
30
2
45
3
20
4
120

ii
The HCF of this pair of numbers is not 1.
1
13, 17
2
29, 20
3
40, 20
4
14, 15
Solution:
i

HCF = 2 × 3 × 5 = 30
Hence, the correct answer is option 1
.
ii

40 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5
20 = 2 × 2 × 5
The HCF of 20 and 40 is 2 × 2 × 5 or 20.
Hence, the correct answer is option 3
.

Question:13
Find the HCF and LCM.
i
14, 28
ii
32, 16
iii
17, 102, 170
iv
23, 69
v
21, 49, 84
Solution:
i

HCF = 2 × ​7 = 14
LCM = 2 × ​7 × 2 = 28

ii
HCF = 2 × ​2 × ​2 × 2 = 16
LCM = 2 × ​2 × ​2 × 2 × 2 = 32

iii

HCF = 17
LCM = ​17 × ​2 × ​3 × 5 = 510

iv

HCF = 23
LCM = ​23 × 3 = 69

HCF = 7
LCM = ​3 × ​4 × ​7 × 7 = 588

Question:14
Find the LCM.
i 36, 42
ii 15, 25, 30
iii 18, 42, 48
iv 4, 12, 20
v 24, 40, 80, 120
Solution:
i

LCM = 2 × ​2 × 3 × 3 × 7 = 252

ii

LCM = 2 × ​3 × 5 × 5 = 150

iii
LCM = 2 × ​2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 = 1008

iv

LCM = 2 × ​2 × 3 × 5 = 60

LCM = 2 × ​2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 = 240

Question:15
Find the smallest number which when divided by 8, 9, 10, 15, 20 gives a remainder of 5 every time.
Solution:
LCM of 8, 9, 10, 15, 20 is given by

LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 5 = 360
Hence, 365 is the smallest number which when divided by 8, 9, 10, 15, 20 gives a remainder of 5 every time.

Question:16
348
Reduce the fractions 319
221
, 247
437
, 551
to the lowest terms.
Solution:
348 348÷29 12
319 = 319÷29 = 11

221 221÷13 17
247 = 247÷13 = 19

437 437÷19 23
551 = 551÷19 = 29

Question:17
The LCM and HCF of two numbers are 432 and 72 respectively. If one of the numbers is 216, what is the other ?
Solution:
Let the other number be x.
Now, HCF × LCM = Product of two numbers
⇒ 72 × 432 = x × 216
72×432
⇒x= 216

= 144
​Hence, the other number is 144.

Question:18
The product of two two-digit numbers is 765 and their HCF is 3. What is their LCM?
Solution:
HCF × LCM = Product of two numbers
⇒ 3 × LCM = 765
765
⇒ LCM = 3

= 255
Hence, the LCM of the two numbers is 255.

Question:19
A trader has three bundles of string 392 m, 308 m and 490 m long. What is the great est length of string that the
bundles can be cut up into without any left over string?
Solution:
The greatest length of string that the bundles can be cut up into without any left over string is given by the HCF
of 392, 308 and 490.

HCF = 2 × 7 = 14
Hence, the greatest length of string that the bundles can be cut up into without any left over string is 14 m.

Question:20
Which two consecutive even numbers have an LCM of 180?
Solution:
Let us suppose the two consecutive even numbers be 2x and 2x + 2.
Now, product of two numbers = HCF × LCM
⇒ (2x)(2x + 2) = 2 × 180 HCMoftwoevennumberis2

⇒ (x)(2x + 2) = 180
⇒ 2x 2 + 2x = 180
⇒ 2x 2 + 2x − 180 = 0
⇒ x 2 + x − 90 = 0
⇒ (x − 9)(x + 10) = 0
⇒ x − 9 = 0 or x + 10 = 0
⇒ x = 9 or x = −10 Neglecting

Hence, the two consecutive even numbers are18 and 20.

 4. Angles and Pairs of angles

Question:1
Observe the figure and complete the table for ∠AWB.

Points in the interior

Points in the exterior

Points on the arms of the
angles

Solution:
R, C, N, X
Points in the interior

Points in the exterior T, U, Q, V, Y

Points on the arms of the
A, W, G, B
angles

Question:2
Name the pairs of adjacent angles in the figures below.

Solution:
Two angles which have a common vertex, a common arm and separate interiors are said to be adjacent angles.
The pairs of adjacent angles are given below:
∠ANB and ∠BNC,
∠BNC and ∠ANC,
∠ANC and ∠ANB,
∠PQR and ∠PQT

Question:3
Are the following pairs adjacent angles? If not, state the reason.
i
∠PMQ and ∠RMQ ii
∠RMQ and ∠SMR
iii
∠RMS and ∠RMT iv
∠SMT and ∠RMS

Solution:
Two angles which have a common vertex, a common arm and separate interiors are said to be adjacent angles
i

In ∠PMQ and ∠RMQ, M is the common vertex and MQ is the common arm.
Therefore, ∠PMQ and ∠RMQ are adjacent angles.
ii

The angles ∠RMQ and ∠SMR have a common vertex M, but don't have common arm.
Therefore, ∠RMQ and ∠SMR are not adjacent angles.
iii

The angles ∠RMS and ∠RMT have a common vertex M, but don't have common arm.
Therefore, ∠RMS and ∠RMT are not adjacent angles.
iv

In ∠SMT and ∠RMS, M is the common vertex and SM is the common arm.
Therefore, ∠SMT and ∠RMS are adjacent angles.

Question:4
The measures of some angles are given below. Write the measures of their complementaryangles.
i
40° ii
63° iii
45° iv
55° v
20° vi
90° vii
x°
Solution:
i

Let the measure of the complementary angle be a.

40 + a = 90
∴ a = 50°
Hence, the measure of the complement of an angle of measure 40° is 50°
ii

Let the measure of the complementary angle be a.

63 + a = 90
∴ a = 27°
Hence, the measure of the complement of an angle of measure 63° is 27°
iii

Let the measure of the complementary angle be a.

45 + a = 90
∴ a = 45°
Hence, the measure of the complement of an angle of measure 45° is 45°
iv
Let the measure of the complementary angle be a.
55 + a = 90
∴ a = 35°
Hence, the measure of the complement of an angle of measure 55° is 35°
v

Let the measure of the complementary angle be a.

20 + a = 90
∴ a = 70°
Hence, the measure of the complement of an angle of measure 20° is 70°
vi

Let the measure of the complementary angle be a.

90 + a = 90
∴ a = 0°
Hence, the measure of the complement of an angle of measure 00° is 0°
vii

Let the measure of the complementary angle be a.

x + a = 90
∴ a = (90 − x)°
Hence, the measure of the complement of an angle of measure x° is (90 − x)°

Question:5
(y -
20)° and y + 30
° are the measures of complementary angles. Find the measure of each angle.
Solution:
Sum of two complementary angles is 90°
∴ (y -
20)° + (y + 30)° = 90°
⇒y -
20 + y + 30 = 90
⇒ 2y + 10 = 90
⇒ 2y = 80
⇒ y = 40
Hence, the measure of the two angles are 20° and 70° .

Question:6
Write the measures of the supplements of the angles given below.
i
15° ii
85° iii
120° iv
37° v
108° vi
0° vii
a°
Solution:
i

Let the measure of the supplementary angle be a.

15 + a = 180
 ∴ a = 165°
Hence, the measure of the supplement of an angle of measure 15° is 165°.
ii

Let the measure of the supplementary angle be a.

85 + a = 180
∴ a = 95°
Hence, the measure of the supplement of an angle of measure 85° is 95°.
iii

Let the measure of the supplementary angle be a.

120 + a = 180
∴ a = 60°
Hence, the measure of the supplement of an angle of measure 120° is 60°.
iv

Let the measure of the supplementary angle be a.

37 + a = 180
∴ a = 143°
Hence, the measure of the supplement of an angle of measure 37° is 143°.
v

Let the measure of the supplementary angle be a.

108 + a = 180
∴ a = 72°
Hence, the measure of the supplement of an angle of measure 108° is 72°.
vi

Let the measure of the supplementary angle be a.

0 + a = 180
∴ a = 180°
Hence, the measure of the supplement of an angle of measure 0° is 180°.
vii

Let the measure of the supplementary angle be x.

a + x = 180
∴ x = (180 − a)°
Hence, the measure of the supplement of an angle of measure a° is (180 − a)°.

Question:7
The measures of some angles are given below. Use them to make pairs of complementary and supplementary
angles.
m∠B = 60° m∠N = 30° m∠Y = 90° m∠J = 150°
m∠D = 75° m∠E = 0° m∠F = 15° m∠G = 120°
Solution:
If the sum of the measures of two angles is 90° they are known as complementary angles.
Hence,the pairs of complementary angles are ∠B and ∠N, ∠D and ∠F, ∠Y and ∠E.
If the sum of the measures of two angles is 180° they are known as supplementary angles.
Hence, the pairs of supplementary angles are ∠B and ∠G, ∠N and ∠J.

Question:8
In ΔXYZ, m∠Y = 90° . What kind of a pair do ∠X and ∠Z make?
Solution:
In ΔXYZ,
∠X + ∠Y + ∠Z = 180° (Angle Sum property of triangle
⇒ ∠X + 90° + ∠Z = 180°
⇒ ∠X + ∠Z = 90°
Since, the sum of the measure of the two angles is 90° .
Hence, ∠X and ∠Z are complementary angles.

Question:9
The difference between the measures of the two angles of a complementary pair is 40° . Find the measures of the
two angles.
Solution:
Let the measure of the first angle a.
Then, the measure of the other angle a + 40°
Now, a + a + 40 = 90
⇒ 2a = 50
⇒ a = 25°
Hence, the measure of the two angles are 25° and 65°.

Question:10
□
PTNM is a rectangle. Write the names of the pairs of supplementary angles.

Solution:
If the sum of the measures of two angles is 180° they are known as supplementary angles.
The measure of all the angles of a rectangle is 90°.
Hence, the pairs of supplementary angles are ∠P and ∠M, ∠T and ∠N, ∠P and ∠T, ∠M and ∠N, ∠P and ∠N, ∠M
and ∠T.

Question:11
If m∠A = 70° , what is the measure of the supplement of the complement of ∠A?
Solution:
Let the measure of the complementary angle be a.
70 + a = 90
∴ a = 20°
Let the measure of the supplementary angle of 20° be x.
20 + x = 180
∴ x = 160°
Hence, the measure of the supplement of the complement of ∠A is 160°.

Question:12
If ∠A and ∠B are supplementary angles and m∠B = x + 20
° , then what would be m∠A?
Solution:
Let the measure of the supplementary angle of ∠B be a.
(x + 20)° + a = 180
∴ a = (160 − x)°
Hence, the measure of ∠A is (160 − x​)°.

Question:13
Name the pairs of opposite rays in the figure alongside.
Solution:
Two rays which have a common origin and form a straight line are said to be opposite rays.
Hence, the pairs of opposite rays are ray PL & ray PM and ray PN & ray PT.

Question:14
Are the ray PM and PT opposite rays? Give reasons for your answer.

Solution:
Ray PM and PT are not opposite rays because they do not form a straight line.

Question:15
Draw the pairs of angles as described below.If that is not possible, say why.
i
Complementary angles that are not adjacent.
ii
Angles in a linear pair which are not supplementary.
iii
Complementary angles that do not form a linear pair.
iv
Adjacent angles which are not in a linear pair.
v
Angles which are neither complementary nor adjacent.
vi
Angles in a linear pair which are complementary.
Solution:
i

ii

If the sum of the measures of two angles is 180° they are known as supplementary angles.
The sum of the measures of the angles in a linear pair is 180°.
Therefore, angles in a linear pair are always supplementary.

iii
iv

vi

If the sum of the measures of two angles is 180° they are known as supplementary angles.
The sum of the measures of the angles in a linear pair is 180°.
Therefore, angles in a linear pair are always supplementary.

Question:16
Lines AC and BD intersect at point P. m∠APD = 47° .Find the measures of ∠APB, ∠BPC, ∠CPD.

Solution:
In the given figure,
∠DPA + ∠APB = 180∘ LinearPairangles

⇒ 47∘ + ∠APB = 180∘

⇒ ∠APB = 133∘
Now,
∠APD = ∠BPC = 47∘ Verticallyoppositeangles

∠APB = ∠DPC = 133∘ Verticallyoppositeangles

Hence, the measures of ∠APB, ∠BPC, ∠CPD are 133∘ , 47∘ and 133∘ respectively.

Question:17
Lines PQ and RS intersect at point M. m∠PMR = x ° What are the measures of ∠PMS, ∠SMQ and ∠QMR?

Solution:
In the given figure,
∠RMP + ∠PMS = 180∘ LinearPairangles

⇒ x ∘ + ∠PMS = 180∘
⇒ ∠PMS = (180 − x)∘
Now,
∠PMR = ∠SMQ = x ∘ Verticallyoppositeangles

∠PMS = ∠RMQ = (180 − x)∘ Verticallyoppositeangles

Hence, the measures of ∠PMS, ∠SMQ and ∠QMR are (180 − x)∘ , x ∘ and (180 − x)∘ respectively.

Question:18
∠ACD is an exterior angle of Δ
ABC.The measures of ∠A and ∠B are equal. If m∠ACD = 140° , find the measures of the angles ∠A and ∠B.

Solution:
∠A + ∠B = ∠ACD Exteriorangleproperty

⇒ 2∠A = 140∘ ∵ ∠A = ∠B

⇒ ∠A = 70∘
Hence, the measures of ∠A and ∠B are 70∘ and 70∘ respectively.

Question:19
Using the measures of the angles given in the figure alongside, find the measures of the remaining three angles.

Solution:
In the given figure,
∠BOC = ∠FOE = 4y Verticallyoppositeangles
∠EOD = ∠AOB = 8y Verticallyoppositeangles

∠AOF = ∠COD = 6y Verticallyoppositeangles

Now, ∠AOB + ∠BOC + ∠COD = 180∘ LinearPairangles

⇒ 8y + 4y + 6y = 180∘
⇒ 18y = 180∘
⇒ y = 10∘
Therefore,
∠BOC = 4y
= 40∘
∠EOD = 8y
= 80∘
​∠AOF = 6y
= 60∘
Hence, the measures of ∠BOC, ∠EOD, ∠AOF are 40∘, 80∘ and 80∘ respectively.

Question:20
In the isosceles triangle ABC, ∠A and ∠B are equal. ∠ACD is an exterior angle of ΔABC. The measures of ∠ACB
and ∠ACD are
(3x -
17)° and 8x + 10
°
respectively. Find the measures of ∠ACB and ∠ACD. Also find the measures of ∠A and ∠B.
Solution:
Given:
∠ACB = (3x -
17)∘
∠ACD = (8x + 10)∘
Now, ∠ACB + ∠ACD = 180∘ LinearPairangles

⇒ 3x − 17 + 8x + 10 = 180
⇒ 11x = 187
⇒ x = 17
Therefore,
∠ACB = (3x -
17)∘
= (51 -
17)∘
= 34∘
​∠ACD = (8x + 10)∘
= (136 + 10)∘
= 146∘
Now, ∠A + ∠B = ∠ACD Exteriorangleproperty

⇒ 2∠A = 146∘ ∵ ∠A = ∠B

⇒ ∠A = 73∘
Hence, the measures of ∠ACB, ∠ACD, ∠A and ∠B are 146∘, 34∘, 73∘ and 73∘ respectively.
 5. Operation on Rational Numbers

Question:1
Carry out the following additions of rational numbers.

i
5 6
36 + 42

ii
2 4
13 + 25

iii
11 13
17 + 19

iv
3 3
211 + 177
Solution:

5 6
(i) 36 + 42

At first, we will calculate the LCM of 36 and 42. The prime factorisation is 36 and 42 is,
36 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3
42 = 2 × 3 × 7
Now, LCM of 36 and 42 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 7 = 252
5 6 5×7 6×6 35 36 35+36 71
36 + 42 = 36×7 + 42×6 = 252 + 252 = 252 = 252

2 4 1×3+2 2×5+4 5 14
(ii) 13 + 25 = 3 + 5 = 3+ 5

Now, LCM of 3 and 5 is 15.

5 14 5×5 14×3 25 42 67 7
3+ 5 = 3×5 + 5×3 = 15 + 15 = 15 = 415

11 13
(iii) 17 + 19

Now, LCM of 17 and 19 is 323.

11 13 11×19 13×17 209 221 430
17 + 19 = 17×19 + 19×17 = 323 + 323 = 323

3 3 2×11+3 1×77+3 25 80
(iv) 211 + 177 = 11 + 77 = 11 + 77

Now, LCM of 11 and 77 is 77.

25 80 25×7 80×1 175 80 255 24
11 + 77 = 11×7 + 77×1 = 77 + 77 = 77 = 377

Question:2
Carry out the following subtarctions involving rational numbers.

i
7 3
11 - 7

ii
13 2
36 - 40
iii
2 5
13 -36

iv
1 1
42 -33
Solution:

7 3
(i) 11 - 7

Now, LCM of 11 and 7 is 77.

7 3 7×7 3×11 49 33 49-33 16
11 - 7 = 11×7 - 7×11 = 77 - 77 = 77 = 77

13 2
(ii) 36 - 40

Now, LCM of 36 and 40 is 360.

13 2 13×10 2×9 130 18 130-18 112 112÷8 14
36 - 40 = 36×10 - 40×9 = 360 - 360 = 360 = 360 = 360÷8 (since, HCF of 112 and 360 is 8) = 45

2 5 1×3+2 3×6+5 5 23
(iii) 13 -36 = 3 - 6 = 3- 6

Now, LCM of 3 and 6 is 6.

5 23 5×2 23×1 10 23 10-23 13
3- 6 = 3×2 - 6×1 = 6 - 6 = 6 = - 6

1 1 4×2+1 3×3+1 9 10
(iv) 42 -33 = 2 - 3 = 2- 3

Now, LCM of 2 and 3 is 6.

9 10 9×3 10×2 18 20 18-20 2 1
2- 3 = 2×3 - 3×2 = 6 - 6 = 6 = -6 = -3

Question:3
Multiply the following rational numbers.

i
3 2
11 × 5

ii
12 4
5 × 15

iii
(-8) 3
9 ×4

iv
0 3
6 ×4

Solution:

3 2 3×2 6
(i) 11 × 5 = 11×5 = 55

12 4 12×4 48 48÷3 16
(ii) 5 × 15 = 5×15 = 75 = 75÷3 (Since, HCF of 48 and 75 is 3) = 25

(-8) 3 (-8)×3 -24 -24÷12 2

(iii) 9 ×4 = 9×4 = 36 = 36÷12 (Since, HCF of 24 and 36 is 12) = - 3
 0 3 0×3 0
(iv) 6 × 4 = 6×4 = 24 = 0

Question:4
Write the multiplicative inverse.

i
2
5

ii
-3
8

iii
-17
39

iv
7

v
1
-73
Solution:
1
It is known that, the multiplicative inverse of any rational number a is the reciprocal of the rational number i.e., a
.
i
1
2

Multiplicative inverse of
2
5 =
( )=
5 5
2

ii
1
3 3 8
8
Multuplicative inverse of -8 = - = -3

iii
1
17 17 39
39
Multiplicative inverse of -39 = - = - 17

iv
1
Multiplicative inverse of 7 = 7

v
1
The given number is -73
.

( ) ( )
1 1 21+1 22
Now, -73 = - 7 + 3 = - 3 = - 3

1
22 22 3
3
Multiplicative inverse of -3 = - = - 22

Question:5
Carry out the divisions of rational numbers.

i
40 10
12 ÷ 4
ii
-10 -11
11 ÷ 10

iii
-7 -3
8 ÷6

iv
2
3 ÷ (-4)

v
1 3
25 ÷ 56

vi
-5 7
13 ÷ 26

vii
9
11 ÷ (-8)

viii
2
5÷5
Solution:

40 10 40 4 40×4 160 160÷40 40

(i) 12 ÷ 4 = 12 × 10 = 12×10 = 120 = 120÷40 (Since, HCF of 160 and 120 is 40) = 3

( )( )
-10 -11 10 10 (-10)×(-10) 100
(ii) 11 ÷ 10 = -11 × -11 = 11×11 = 121

()()
-7 -3 7 6 (-7)×(-6) 42 42÷6 7
(iii) 8 ÷6 = -8 × -3 = 8×3 = 24 = 24÷6 (Since, HCF of 42 and 24 is 6) =4

()
2 2 1 2×(-1) -2 -2÷2 -1
(iv) 3 ÷ (-4) = 3 × -4 = 3×4 = 12 = 12÷2 (Since, HCF of 2 and 12 is 2) = 6

1 3 2×5+1 5×6+3 11 33 11 6 11×6 66 66÷33 2

(v) 25 ÷ 56 = 5 ÷ 6 = 5 ÷ 6 = 5 × 33 = 5×33 = 165 = 165÷33 (Since, HCF of 66 and 165 is 33) = 5

Question:6
Write three rational numbers that lie between the two given numbers.

i
2 6
7, 7

ii
4 2
5, 3

iii
2 4
-3 , 5
iv
7 5
9, -9

v
-3 +5
4, 4

vi
7 -5
8, 3

vii
5 11
7, 7

viii
-3
0, 4
Solution:
i
2
The given numbers are 7
6
and 7

.
We know that,
2<3<4<5<6
2 3 4 5 6
∴ 7 <7<7<7<7

2
Hence, 3 rational numbers between 7
6
and 7
are :
3 4
7, 7
5
and 7

ii
4
The given numbers are 5
2
and 3

.
Let us convert these numbers into fractions with equal denominators.
4 4×6 24 2 2×10 20
5 = 5×6 = 30 3 = 3×10 = 30

We know that,
20 < 21 < 22 < 23 < 24
20 21 22 23 24 2 21 22 23 4
∴ 30 < 30 < 30 < 30 < 30 ⇒ 3 < 30 < 30 < 30 < 5

2
Hence, 3 rational numbers between 3
4
and 5
are :
21 22
30 , 30
23
and 30

.
iii
2
The given numbers are -3
4
and 5

.
Let us convert each of given numbers into fractions with equal denominators.
2 -2×5 10 4 4×3 12
-3 = 3×5 = - 15 5 = 5×3 = 15

We know that,
−10 < −9 < −8 < −7 <...........< 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 <..........< 12
2 9 8 7 1 2 3 4 4
⇒ - 3 < - 15 < - 15 < - 15 < . . . . . < 15 < 15 < 15 < 15 < . . . . . < 15

2
Hence, 3 rational numbers between -3
4
and 5
are:
9 7
-15 , - 15
4
and 15 .

iv
7
The given numbers are 9
5
and -9 .

We know that,
−5 < −4 < −3 < −2 < −1 < 0 <.....< 6 < 7
5 4 3 2 1 6 7
∴ -9 < -9 < -9 < -9 < -9 < 0 < . . . . . < 9 < 9

5
Hence, 3 rational numbers between -9
7
and 9
are:
4
-9 , 0
6
and 9 .

v
3
The given numbers are -4
5
and 4

.
We know that,
−3 < −2 < −1 < 0 < 1 < 2 < 3 < 4 < 5
3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5
∴ -4 < -4 < -4 < 0 < 4 < 4 < 4 < 4 < 4

3
Hence, 3 rational numbers between -4
5
and 4
are:
2 1
-4 , - 4
3
and 4 .

vi
 7
The given numbers are 8
5
and -3
.
Let us convert each of the given numbers into fractions with equal denominators.
7 7×3 21 5 -5×8 40
8 = 8×3 = 24 - 3 = 3×8 = - 24

We know that,
−40 < −39 <....< −13 < −12 <......<11 < 12 <....17 <.... 21
40 39 13 12 11 12 17 21 5 39 13 12 11 12 17 7
∴ - 24 < - 24 < . . . . . < - 24 < - 24 < . . . . < 24 < 24 < . . . . < 24 < . . . . < 24 ⇒ - 3 < - 24 < . . . . . . < - 24 < - 24 < . . . . < 24 < 24 < . . . . < 24 < . . . . < 8

5
Hence, 3 rational numbers between -3
7
and 8
are:
13 11
-24 , 24
17
and 24 .

vii
5
The given numbers are 7
11
and 7

.
We know that,
5 < 6 < 7 < 8 < 9 < 10 < 11
5 6 7 8 9 10 11
∴7 <7 <7 <7 <7 < 7 < 7

5
Hence, 3 rational numbers between 7
11
and 7
are :
6 8
7, 7
9
and 7

viii
3
The given numbers are 0 and -4
.
Let us convert each of the given numbers into fractions with equal denominators.
0×8 0 3 -3×2 6
0 = 1×8 = 8 - 4 = 4×2 = -8

We know that,
−6 < −5 < −4 < −3 < −2 < −1 < 0
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 3 5 4 3 2 1
∴ -8 < -8 < -8 < -8 < -8 < -8 < 8 ⇒ -4 < -8 < -8 < -8 < -8 < -8 < 0

6
Hence, 3 rational numbers between -8
and 0 are:
5 2
-8 , - 8
1
and -8 .

Question:7
Write the following rational numbers in decimal form.

i
13
4

ii
-7
8

iii
3
75

iv
5
12

v
22
7

vi
4
3

vii
7
9

Solution:
i
13
The given number is 4

13
∴ 4 = 3. 25

13
The decimal form of 4

is 3.25.
ii
7
The given number is -8
.

7
∴ 8 = 0. 875
 7
The decimal form of -8
is − 0.875.
iii
3
The given number is 75
.
3 7×5+3 35+3 38
75 = 5 = 5 = 5

38
∴ 5 = 7. 6

3
The decimal form of 75
is 7.6.
v
22
The given number is 7

22
∴ 7 = 3. 142857142857. . . . = 3. 142857

22
The decimal form of 7

is 3. 142857
.
vi
4
The given number is 3

4
∴ 3 = 1. 33. . . . = 1. 3

4
The decimal form of 3
is 1. 3
.
vii
7
The given number is 9

7
∴ 9 = 0. 77. . . . = 0. 7

7
The decimal form of 9
is 0. 7
.

Question:8
Simplify:
50 × 5 ÷ 2 + 24
Solution:

50 × 5 ÷ 2 + 24
= 250 ÷ 2 + 24
= 125 + 24
= 149

Question:9
Simplify:
13 × 4
÷ 2 – 26
Solution:

13 × 4
÷ 2 – 26
= 52 ÷ 2 – 26
= 26 – 26
=0

Question:10
Simplify:
140 ÷

(– 11)× (– 3)– (– 42)÷ 14– 1

Solution:

140 ÷

(– 11)× (– 3)– (– 42)÷ 14– 1

= 140 ÷

33– (– 42)÷ 14– 1

= 140 ÷

33 + 42 ÷ 14– 1

= 140 ÷

33 + 3– 1
= 140 ÷

36– 1

= 140 ÷ 35
=4

Question:11
Simplify:
{220– 140
+

10 × 9 + (– 2 × 5)
} – 100
Solution:

{220– 140
+

10 × 9 + (– 2 × 5)
} – 100
= {80 +

10 × 9 + (– 10)
} – 100
= {80 +

10 × 9– 10

} – 100
= {80 +

90– 10
} – 100
= {80 + 80} – 100
= 160 – 100
= 60

Question:12
Simplify:
3 3 6
5 +8 ÷4

Solution:

3 3 6 3 3 4 3 1 4×3+5×1 12+5 17
5 +8 ÷4 = 5 +8 ×6 = 5 +4 = 20 (Since, LCM of 5 and 4 is 20) = 20 = 20
 6. Indices

Question:1
Complete the table below.
Sr. Indices Multiplication
Base Index
No. Numbersinindexform form Value
3×
3×
i 34 3 4 81
3×
3
ii 163
(-
iii 2
8)
3 3 3 3 81
iv 7 ×7×7×7 2401

(-
v
13)4
Solution:

Sr.
Numbersinindexform Base Index Multiplication form Value
No.

3 ×
3 ×
i 34 3 4 81
3 ×
3
16 ×
ii 163 16 3 16 × 4096
16

−8 −8
iii 2 −8 2 × 64
−8

()
3 3 3 3 3 3 81
4
iv 7 7 4 7 ×7 ×7 ×7 2401

−13
×
−13 −13
v 4 −13 4 × 28561
−13
×
−13

Question:2
Find the value.

i
210 ii
53 iii
(-
7)4 iv
(-
6) 3 v
93 vi
81
vii

()
4
3
5

viii

()
1
4
-2

Solution:

(i) 210 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 1024

(ii) 53 = 5 × 5 × 5 = 125

(iii) (-7)4 = (-7)× (-7)× (-7)× (-7) = 2401

(iv) (-6)3 = (-6)× (-6)× (-6) = -216

(v) 93 = 9 × 9 × 9 = 729

(vi) 81 = 8 = 8

()
4 4 4 4 64
3
(vii) 5 = 5 ×5 ×5 = 125

() ()()()()
1 1 1 1 1 1
4
(viii) -2 = -2 × -2 × -2 × -2 = 16

Question:3
Simplify.

i
74 × 72 ii
(-
11)5 × (-
11)2
iii

() ()
6 6
3 5
7 × 7

iv

() ()
3 3
5 3
-2 × -2

v
a16 × a7
vi

() ()
P P
3 7
5 × 5

Solution:
It is known that, am × an = am+n, where m and n are integers and a is a non-zero rational number.
(i) 74 × 72 = 74+2 = 76

(ii) (-11)5 × (-11)2 = (-11)5+2 = (-11)7

() () () ()
6 6 6 6
3 5 3+5 8
(iii) 7 × 7 = 7 = 7

() () () ()
3 3 3 3
5 3 5+3 8
(iv) -2 × -2 = -2 = -2

(v) a16 × a7 = a16+7 = a23

() () () ()
p p p p
3 7 3+7 10
(vi) 5 × 5 = 5 = 5

Question:4
Simplify.
i
a6 ÷ a4 ii
m 5 ÷ m 8 iii
p3 ÷ p13 iv
x 10 ÷ x 10
Solution:
It is known that, am ÷ an = am−n, where m and n are integers and a is non-zero rational number.
(i) a6 ÷ a4 = a6-4 = a2

(ii) m 5 ÷ m 8 = m 5-8 = m -3

(iii) p3 ÷ p13 = p3-13 = p-10

(iv) x 10 ÷ x 10 = x 10-10 = x 0 = 1 (∵ a 0 =1 )
Question:5
Find the value

i
(-7)12 ÷ -7)12 (
ii
75
÷ 73
iii

() ()
4 4
3 2
5 ÷ 5

iv
47 ÷ 45
Solution:
It is known that, am ÷ an = am−n, where m and n are integers and a is a non-zero rational number.
(i) (-7)12 ÷ (-7)12 = (-7)12-12 = (-7)0 = 1 (∵ a 0 =1 )
(ii) 75 ÷ 73 = 75-3 = 72 = 7 × 7 = 49

() () () ()
4 4 4 4 4
3 2 3-2 1
(iii) 5 ÷ 5 = 5 = 5 = 5

(iv) 47 ÷ 45 = 47-5 = 42 = 4 × 4 = 16

Question:6
Simplify

[( ) ]
15
3 4
12

ii

(3 ) 4 -2

iii

(( ) )
1
-3 4
7

iv

(( ) )
2
-2 -3
5

(6 ) 5 4

vi

[( ) ]
6
5 2
7

vii

[( ) ]
2
-4 5
3

viii

[( ) ]
5
3 -2
8

ix

[( ) ]
3
6 1
4

[( ) ]
2
-3 2
5

Solution:
It is known that, (am)n = amn, where m and n are integers and a is a non-zero rational number.

[( ) ] ( ) ( )
15 15 15
3 4 3×4 12
(i) 12 = 12 = 12

(ii) 34 ( ) -2
= 34×(-2) = 3-8

[( ) ] ( ) ( )
1 1 1
-3 4 -3×4 -12
(iii) 7 = 7 = 7

[( ) ] ( ) ()
2 2 2
-2 -3 (-2)×(-3) 6
(iv) 5 = 5 = 5

(v) 65 ( ) 4
= 65×4 = 620

[( ) ] ( ) ( )
6 6 6
5 2 5×2 10
(vi) 7 = 7 = 7

[( ) ] ( ) ( )
2 2 2
-4 5 (-4)×5 -20
(vii) 3 = 3 = 3

[( ) ] ( ) ( )
5 5 5
3 -2 3×(-2) -6
(viii) 8 = 8 = 8

[( ) ] ( ) ( )
3 3 3
6 1 6×1 6
(ix) 4 = 4 = 4

[( ) ] ( ) ( )
2 2 2
-3 2 (-3)×2 -6
(x) 5 = 5 = 5

Question:7
Write the following numbers using positive indices.

()
2
-2
7

ii

()
11
-5
3

iii

()
1
-3
6

iv
(y)-4
Solution:
 1
m
It is known that, a-m = a
where m is an integer and a is a non-zero rational number.
1

() =
2

() ()
2
2 7 7
-2 2
(i) 7 = 2

()=(
11

() )
5
11 3 3
-5 5
(ii) 3 = 11

() =
1

() ()
3
1 6 6
-3 3
(iii) 6 = 1 = 63

()
1 1
4
4
(iv) (y)-4 = y = y

Question:8
Find the square root.
i
625 ii
1225 iii
289 iv
4096 v
1089
Solution:

i
The prime factorization of 625 is,
625 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
To find the square root, we will take one number from each pair and multiply.
√625 = 5 × 5 = 25 ∴ √625 = 25
ii
The prime factorization of 1225 is,
1225 = 5 × 5 × 7 × 7
To find the square root, we will take one number from each pair and multiply.
√1225 = 5 × 7 = 35 ∴ √1225 = 35
iii
The prime factorisation of 289 is,
289 = 17 × 17
To find the square root, we will take one number from each pair and multiply.
√289 = 17 × 17 = 17 ∴ √289 = 17
iv
The prime factorization of 4096 is,
4096 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 ​× 2
To find the square root, we will take one number from each pair and multiply.
√4096 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 = 64 ∴ √4096 = 64
v
The prime factorizationn of 1089 is,
1089 = 3 × 3 × 11 × 11
To find the square root, we will take one number from each pair and multipy.
√1089 = 3 × 11 = 33 ∴ √1089 = 33
 7. Joint Bar Graph

Question:1
The number of saplings planted by schools on World Tree Day is given in the table below. Draw a joint bar graph to
show these figures.
School Name of
Almond Karanj Neem Ashok Gulmohar
Name sapling
Nutan Vidyalaya 40 60 72 15 42
Bharat Vidyalaya 42 38 60 25 40
Solution:
The required joint bar graph is shown below.

Question:2
The table below shows the number of people who had the different juices at a juice bar on a Saturday and a
Sunday. Draw a joint bar graph for this data.
Sweet
Days Fruits Orange Apple Pineapple
Lim
Saturday 43 30 56 40
Sunday 59 65 78 67
Solution:
The required joint bar graph is shown below.
Question:3
The following numbers of votes were cast at 5 polling booths during the Gram Panchayat elections. Draw a joint bar
graph for this data.
Booth
Persons 1 2 3 4 5
No.
Men 200 270 560 820 850
Women 700 240 340 640 470
Solution:
The required joint bar graph is shown below.

Question:4
The maximum and minimum temperatures of five Indian cities are given in °C. Draw a joint bar graph for this data.
Temperature City. Delhi Mumbai Kolkata Nagpur Kapurthala
Maximum
35 32 37 41 37
temperature
Minimum
26 25 26 29 26
temperature
Solution:
The required joint bar graph is shown below.

Question:5
The numbers of children vaccinated in one day at the government hospitals in Solapur and Pune are given in the
table. Draw a joint bar graph for this data.
D.P.T. Polio
City Vaccine Measles Hepatitis
(Booster) (Booster)
Solapur 65 60 65 63
Pune 89 87 88 86
Solution:
The required joint bar graph is shown below.
Question:6
The percentage of literate people in the states of Maharashtra and Gujarat are given below. Draw a joint bar graph
for this data.
State Year 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011
Maharashtra 46 57 65 77 83
Gujarat 40 45 61 69 79
Solution:
The required joint bar graph is shown below.
 8. Algebraic Expressions and Operations on them

Question:1
Classify the following algebraic expressions as monomials, binomials, trinomials or polynomials.
i
7x ii
5y -
7z iii
3x 3 -
5x 2 -
11 iv
1 -
8a -
7a 2 -
7a3
v
5m -
3 vi
a vii
4
viii
3y 2 -
7y + 5
Solution:
It is known that, expressions with one term is called monomial, expressions with two terms are binomials,
expressions with three terms are trinomials and expression with more than three terms are polynomials.
i
7x = Monomial
ii
5y -
7z = Binomial
iii
3x 3 -
5x 2 -
11 = Trinomial
iv
1-
8a -
7a2 -
7a3 = Polynomial
v
5m -
3 = Binomial
vi
4 = Monomial
vii
3y 2 -
7y+5 = Trinomial

Question:2
Add.
i
9p + 16q ; 13p + 2q ii
2a + 6b + 8c; 16a + 13c+ 18b
iii
13x 2 -
12y 2 ; 6x 2 -
8y 2 iv
17a2 b2 + 16c ; 28c -
28a2 b2
v
3y 2 -
10y + 16 ; 2y -
7​ vi
-
3y 2 + 10y -
16 ; 7y 2 + 8

Solution:

i
(9p + 16q) + (13p + 2q)
= 9p + 16q + 13p + 2q
=(9p + 13p) + (16q + 2q)
=22p + 18q

ii
(2a + 6b + 8c) + (16a + 13c + 18b)
= 2a + 6b + 8c + 16a + 13c + 18b
= (2a + 16a) + (6b + 18b) + (8c + 13c)
= 18a + 24b + 21c

iii
(13x 2 − 12y 2) + (6x 2 − 8y 2)
= 13x 2 − 12y 2 + 6x 2 − 8y 2
= (13x 2 + 6x 2) + (−12y 2 − 8y 2)
=19x 2 + (−20y 2)
=19x 2 − 20y 2

iv
(17a2b2 + 16c) + (28c − 28a2b2)
= 17a2b2 + 16c + 28c − 28a2b2
= (17a2b2 − 28a2b2) + (16c + 28c)
= −11a2b2 + 44c

v
(3y 2 − 10y + 16) + (2y − 7)
= 3y 2 − 10y + 16 + 2y − 7
= 3y 2 + (−10y + 2y) + 16 − 7

=3y 2 + (−8y) + 9
=3y 2 − 8y + 9

vi
(−3y 2 + 10y − 16) + (7y 2 + 8)
= −3y 2 + 10y − 16 + 7y 2 + 8
= (−3y 2 + 7y 2) + 10y + −16 + 8

= 4y 2 + 10y + −8

= 4y 2 + 10y − 8
Question:3
Subtract the second expression from the first.
i
(4xy -
9z) ; (3xy -
16z) ii
(5x + 4y + 7z) ; (x + 2y + 3z)
iii
(14x 2 + 8xy + 3y 2 ) ; (26x 2 -
8xy -
17y 2) iv
(6x 2+ 7xy+ 16y 2 ) ; (16x 2 -
17xy)
v
(4x + 16z) ; (19y -
14z + 16x)
Solution:

i
(4xy − 9z) − (3xy − 16z)
= 4xy − 9z − 3xy + 16z
= (4xy − 3xy) + (16z − 9z)
= xy + 7z

ii
(5x + 4y + 7z) − (x + 2y + 3z)
= 5x + 4y + 7z − x − 2y − 3z
= (5x − x) + (4y − 2y) + ( 7z − 3z)
= 4x + 2y + 4z

iii
(14x 2 + 8xy + 3y 2) − (26x 2 − 8xy − 17y 2)
= 14x 2 + 8xy + 3y 2 − 26x 2 + 8xy + 17y 2
= (14x 2 − 26x 2) + (8xy + 8xy) + (3y 2 + 17y 2)
= −12x 2 + 16xy + 20y 2

iv
(6x 2+ 7xy+ 16y 2 ) − (16x 2 -
17xy)
= 6x 2 + 7xy + 16y 2 − 16x 2 +17xy
= (6x 2 − 16x 2) + (7xy + 17xy) + 16y 2
= −10x 2 + 24xy + 16y 2

v
(4x + 16z) − (19y − 14z + 16x)
= 4x + 16z − 19y + 14z − 16x
= (4x − 16x) + (16z + 14z) − 19y
= −12x + 30z − 19y

Question:4
Multiply.
i
16xy × 18xy ii
23xy 2 × 4yz 2
iii
(12a + 17b) × 4c iv
(4x + 5y) × (9x + 7y)
Solution:

i
16xy × 18xy
= 16 × 18 × x × y × x × y
= 288x 2y 2

ii
23xy 2 × 4yz 2
= 23 × 4 × x × y 2 × y × z 2
= 92xy 3z 2

iii
(12a + 17b) × 4c
= 12a × 4c + 17b × 4c
= 12 × 4 × a × c + 17 × 4 × b × c
= 48ac + 68bc

iv
(4x + 5y) × (9x + 7y)
= 4x(9x + 7y) + 5y(9x + 7y)
= 4x × 9x + 4x × 7y + 5y × 9x + 5y × 7y
= 36x 2 + 28xy + 45xy + 35y 2
= 36x 2 + 73xy +35y 2

Question:5
A rectangle is (8x + 5) cm long and (5x + 3) cm broad. Find its area.
Solution:

Length of the rectangle = (8x + 5) cm

Breadth of the rectangle = (5x + 3) cm
Area of rectangle = length × breadth
= (8x + 5)(5x + 3)
= 8x(5x + 3) + 5(5x + 3)
= 8x × 5x + 8x × 3 + 5 × 5x + 5 × 3
= 40x 2 + 24x + 25x + 15
= 40x 2 + 49x + 15
So, area of rectangle is (40x 2 + 49x + 15) cm 2.

Question:6
Simplify (3x
- 11y)
- (17x + 13y) and choose the right answer.

i
7x
-12y ii
- 14x
-54y iii
-3 (5x + 4y ) iv
-2 (7x + 12y )
Solution:
(3x
- 11y)
- (17x + 13y)
= 3x
- 11y
- 17x
- 13y
= (3x
- 17x) + (
-11y
- 13y)
=
- 14x + (
-24y)
=
-14x
- 24y
=
-2(x + 12y)
So, the correct option is iv
.

Question:7
The product of (23 x 2 y 3 z) and ( -
15x 3 yz 2 ) is .................... .

i
-
345 x 5 y 4 z 3 ii
345 x 2 y 3 z 5 iii
145 x 3y 2 z iv
3 2 3
170 x y z
Solution:

(23x 2y 3z) × (−15x 3yz 2)

= 23 × −15
× x2 × y3 × z × x3 × y × z2
= −345x 5y 4z 3
So, the correct option is i
.

Question:8
Solve the following equations .

i
1 9
4x + 2 = 2
ii
10 = 2y + 5 iii
5​m -
4=1

iv
6x -
1 = 3x + 8 v
2(x -
4) = 4x + 2 vi
5( x + 1 ) = 74
Solution:
 1 9 9 1 9-1 8 4
(i) 4x + 2 = 2 ⇒ 4x = 2 - 2 ⇒ 4x = 2 ⇒ 4x = 2 ⇒ 4x = 4 ⇒ x = 4 ⇒ x = 1

5
(ii) 10 = 2y + 5 ⇒ 2y + 5 = 10 ⇒ 2y = 10 -5 ⇒ 2y = 5 ⇒ y = 2

5
(iii) 5m -4 = 1 ⇒ 5m = 1 + 4 ⇒ 5m = 5 ⇒ m = 5 ⇒ m = 1

9
(iv) 6x -1 = 3 + 8 ⇒ 6x -3x = 8 + 1 ⇒ 3x = 9 ⇒ x = 3 ⇒ x = 3

10
(v) 2(x -4) = 4x + 2 ⇒ 2 × x -2 × 4 = 4x + 2 ⇒ 2x -8 = 4x + 2 ⇒ 4x + 2 = 2x -8 ⇒ 4x -2x = -8 -2 ⇒ 2x = -10 ⇒ x = - 2 ⇒ x = -5

69
(vi) 5(x + 1) = 74 ⇒ 5 × x + 5 × 1 = 74 ⇒ 5x + 5 = 74 ⇒ 5x = 74 -5 ⇒ 5x = 69 ⇒ x = 5

Question:9
Rakesh’s age is less than Sania’s age by 5 years. The sum of their ages is 27 years. How old are they?
Solution:

Let the age of Sania = x years

Then, the age of Rakesh = (x − 5) years
According to question, sum of ages of Sania and Rakesh is 27 years.
∴ x + (x -5) = 27 ⇒ x + x -5 = 27 ⇒ 2x -5 = 27 ⇒ 2x = 27 + 5 ⇒ 2x = 32 ⇒ x = 16

So, age of Sania = x years = 16 years

age of Rakesh = (x − 5) years = 16 − 5
years = 11 years

Question:10
When planting a forest, the number of jambhul trees planted was greater than the number of ashoka trees by 60. If
there are altogether 200 trees of these two types, how many jambhul trees were planted ?
Solution:

Let the number of ashoka trees planted in the forest = x

Then, the number of jambhul trees planted in the forest = x + 60
According to question, total number of ashoka and jambhul trees planted in the forest is 200.
140
⇒ x + (x + 60) = 200 ⇒ x + x + 60 = 200 ⇒ 2x + 60 = 200 ⇒ 2x = 200 -60 ⇒ 2x = 140 ⇒ x = 2 ⇒ x = 70

Number of ashoka trees planted in the forest = x = 70

Number of jambhul trees planted in the forest = x + 60 = 70 + 60 = 130

Question:11
Shubhangi has twice as many 20-rupee notes as she has 50-rupee notes. Altogether,she has 2700 rupees. How many
50-rupee notes does she have ?
Solution:

Let the number of 50-rupee notes = x

Then, the number of 20-rupee notes = 2 × number of 50-rupee notes = 2x
Amount of 50-rupee notes = Rs(50 × x) = Rs 50x
Amount of 20-rupee notes = Rs(20 × 2x) = Rs 40x
It is given that total amount is Rs 2700.
2700
∴ 50x + 40x = 2700 ⇒ 90x = 2700 ⇒ x = 90 ⇒ x = 30

Number of 50-rupee notes = x = 30

Number of 20-rupee notes = 2x = 2 × 30 = 60

Question:12
Virat made twice as many runs as Rohit. The total of their scores is 2 less than a double century. How many runs did
each of them make ?
Solution:

Let the runs scored by Rohit = x

The, the runs scored by Virat = 2 × runs scored by Rohit = 2x
According to question, total of their scores is 2 less than a double century.
198
∴ x + 2x = 200 -2 ⇒ 3x = 198 ⇒ x = 3 ⇒ x = 66

So, runs scored by Rohit = x = 66

Runs scored by Virat = 2x = 2 × 66 = 132
 Miscellaneous Problem- Set 1

Question:1
Solve the following.

i
(- 16) × (- 5)
ii
(72) ÷ (- 12)
iii
(- 24) × (2)

iv
125 ÷ 5
v
(- 104) ÷ (- 13)
vi
25 × (- 4)
Solution:
i
(- 16) × (- 5) = 80

ii
(72) ÷ (- 12) = -6

iii
(- 24) × (2) = -48

iv
125 ÷ 5 = 25

v
(- 104) ÷ (- 13) = 8

vi
25 × (- 4) = -100

Question:2
Find the prime factors of the following numbers and find their LCM and HCF.
i
75, 135 ii
114, 76 iii
153, 187 iv
32, 24, 48
Solution:
i
75, 135
HCF = 3 × 5 = 15
LCM = 3 × 5 × 5 × 9 = 675

ii
114, 76

HCF = 2 × 19 = 38
LCM = 2 × 19 × 2 × 3 = 228

iii
153, 187

HCF = 17
LCM = 17 × 9 × 11 = 1683

iv
32, 24, 48

HCF = 2 × 2 × 2 = 8
LCM = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 = 96

Question:3
Simplify.

i
322
391

ii
247
209

iii
117
156

Solution:
i
322 322÷23 14
391 = 391÷23 = 17

ii

247 247÷19 13
209 = 209÷19 = 11

iii

117 117÷3 39÷3 13

156 = 156÷3 = 52÷3 = 14

Question:4
Find the square root of the following numbers.
i
784 ii
225 iii
1296 iv
2025 v
256
Solution:
i

The square root of 784 is 28.

ii

The square root of 225 is 15.

iii

The square root of 1296 is 36.

iv
The square root of 2025 is 45.

The square root of 256 is 15.

Question:5
There are four polling booths for a certain election. The numbers of men and women who cast their vote at each
booth is given in the table below. Draw a joint bar graph for this data.

Polling Navodaya City High

Eklavya
Vidyaniketan
Booths Vidyalaya School School
School
Women 500 520 680 800
Men 440 640 760 600
Solution:
The joint bar graph for the given data is :
Question:6
Simplify the expression.

i
45 ÷ 5 + 20 × 4 - 12
ii
(38 - 8) × 2 ÷ 5 + 13

iii
5 4 32
3 + 7 ÷ 21

iv
3 × { 4 [ 85 + 5 - (15 ÷ 3) ] + 2}
Solution:
i

45 ÷ 5 + 20 × 4 -12 = 9 + 80 -12 = 89 -12 = 77

ii

(38 -8)× 2 ÷ 5 + 13 = 30 × 2 ÷ 5 + 13 = 60 ÷ 5 + 13 = 12 + 13 = 25

iii

5 4 32 5 4 21 5 4 21 3 5 3
3 + 7 ÷ 21 = 3 + 7 × 32 = 3 + 7 × 32 8 = 3 + 8
 5×8 3×3 40 9 40+9 49
= 3×8 + 8×3 = 24 + 24 = 24 = 24

iv

3 × {4[85 + 5 -(15 ÷ 3)] + 2} = 3 × {4[85 + 5 -5] + 2} = 3 × {4[85] + 2} = 3 × {340 + 2} = 3 × 342 = 1026

Question:7
Solve.

i
5 7
12 + 16

ii
2 1
35 - 24
iii
12 (-10)
5 × 3

iv
3 25
48 ÷ 18
Solution:
i

5 7 5×4 7×3 20 21 20+21 41

12 + 16 = 12×4 + 16×3 = 48 + 48 = 48 = 48

ii

2 1 17 9 17×4 9×5 68 45
35 -24 = 5 -4 = 5×4 - 4×5 = 20 - 20

68-45 23
= 20 = 20

iii

12 (-10) 4 12×(-10) (-2)

5 × 3 = 5×3 = 4 × (-2) = -8

iv

3 25 7 35 9 18 7×9 63
48 ÷ 18 = 4 8 × 5 25 = 4×5 = 20

Question:8
Construct ΔABC such that m∠
A = 55° , m∠
B = 60° , and lAB
= 5.9 cm.
Solution:
Steps of constructions:

1
Draw seg AB of length 5.9 cm.
2
Draw ray AD such that ∠BAD = 55°.
3
Draw ray BE such that ∠ABE = 60°.
4
Name the point of intersection of ray AD and BE as C.
Therefore, △ABC is the required triangle.

Question:9
Construct ΔXYZ such that, lXY
= 3.7 cm, lYZ
= 7.7 cm, lXZ
= 6.3 cm.
Solution:

​S teps of constructions:

1
Draw seg XZ of length 6.3 cm.
2
Draw an arc of 3.7 cm from the vertex X.
3
Draw another arc of 7.7 cm from the vertex Z, cutting the previously drawn arc at Y.

Therefore, △XYZ is the required triangle.

Question:10
Construct ΔPQR such that, m∠
P = 80° , m∠
Q = 70° , lQR
= 5.7 cm.
Solution:
In Δ PQR,
∠P + ∠Q + ∠R = 180∘ Anglesumproperty

⇒ 80∘ + 70∘ + ∠R = 180∘

⇒ 150∘ + ∠R = 180∘
⇒ ∠R = 180∘ − 150∘
= 30∘

​S teps of constructions:

1
Draw seg QR of length 5.7 cm.
2
Draw ray QA such that ∠RQA = 70°.
3
Draw ray RB such that ∠QRB = 30°.
4
Name the point of intersection of ray RB and QA as P.

Therefore, △PQR is the required triangle.

Question:11
Construct ΔEFG from the given measures. lFG
= 5 cm, m∠
EFG = 90° , lEG
= 7 cm.
Solution:

Steps of constructions:

1
Draw seg FG of length 5 cm.
2
Draw ray FA such that ∠GFA = 90°.
3
Draw an arc of 7 cm from the vertex G, cutting the ray FA at E.

Therefore, △DEF is the required triangle.

Question:12
In ΔLMN, lLM
= 6.2 cm, m∠
LMN = 60° , lMN
= 4 cm. Construct ΔLMN.
Solution:
​

Steps of constructions:

1
Draw seg LM of length 6.2 cm.
2
Draw ray MA such that ∠LMA = 60°.
3
Draw an arc of 4 cm from the vertex M, cutting the ray MA at N.

Therefore, △LMN is the required triangle.

Question:13
Find the measures of the complementary angles of the following angles.
i
35° ii
a° iii
22° iv
( 40 - x)°
Solution:
i

Let the measure of the complementary angle be a.

35 + a = 90
∴ a = 55°
Hence, the measure of the complement of an angle of measure 35° is 55°
ii

Let the measure of the complementary angle be x.

a + x = 90
∴ x = (90 − a)°
Hence, the measure of the complement of an angle of measure a° is (90 − a)°
iii

Let the measure of the complementary angle be a.

22 + a = 90
∴ a = 68°
Hence, the measure of the complement of an angle of measure 22° is 68°
iv

Let the measure of the complementary angle be a.

(40 − x) + a = 90
∴ a = (50 + x)°
Hence, the measure of the complement of an angle of measure (40 − x)° is (50 + x)°

Question:14
Find the measures of the supplements of the following angles.
i
111° ii
47° iii
180° iv
(90 - x)°
Solution:
i
111° ii
47° iii
180° iv
(90 - x)°

Let the measure of the complementary angle be a.

111 + a = 180
∴ a = 69°
Hence, the measure of the complement of an angle of measure 111° is 69°
ii

Let the measure of the complementary angle be x.

47 + x = 180
∴ x = 133°
Hence, the measure of the complement of an angle of measure 47° is 133°
iii

Let the measure of the complementary angle be a.

180 + a = 180
∴ a = 0°
Hence, the measure of the complement of an angle of measure 180° is 0°
iv

Let the measure of the complementary angle be a.

(90 − x) + a = 180
∴ a = (90 + x)°
Hence, the measure of the complement of an angle of measure (90 − x)° is (90 + x)°

Question:15
Construct the following figures.
i
A pair of adjacent angles
ii
Two supplementary angles which are not adjacent angles.
iii
A pair of adjacent complementary angles.
Solution:
i

ii
iii

Question:16
figure
In ΔPQR, the measures of ∠
P and ∠
Q are equal and m∠
PRQ = 70° . Find the measures of the following angles.
i
m∠
PRT ii
m∠
P iii
m∠
Q

Solution:
i

∠PRQ + ∠PRT = 180∘ Linearpairangles

⇒ ∠PRT = 180∘ − 70∘

= 110∘
Hence, the measure of ∠PRT is 110∘ ​.

ii

In ΔPQR,
∠P + ∠Q = ∠PRT Exteriorangleproperty

⇒ ∠P + ∠P = 110∘ ∠P = ∠Q

⇒ 2∠P = 110∘
⇒ ∠P = 55∘
Hence, the measure of ∠P is 55∘ ​.
iii

In ΔPQR,
∠P + ∠Q = ∠PRT Exteriorangleproperty

⇒ ∠Q + ∠Q = 110∘ ∠P = ∠Q

⇒ 2∠Q = 110∘
⇒ ∠Q = 55∘
Hence, the measure of ∠Q is 55∘ ​.

Question:17
Simplify.

i
54 × 53
ii

() ()
2 2
6 9
3 ÷ 3

iii

() ()
7 7
8 -6
2 × 2

iv

() ()
4 5
2
5 ÷ 4

Solution:
i

54 × 53 = 57 [ ∵a m × an = am+n ]
ii

() () () () () [ ]
2 2 2 2 3 1

[ ∵a ]
6 9 6-9 -3 3 m
3 ÷ 3 = 3 m ÷ an = am-n = 3 = 2 ∵ a-m = a

iii

() () () ()
7 7 7 7

[ ∵a ]
8 -6 8+(-6) 2
2 × 2 = 2 m × an = am+n = 2

iv
() () () () () ()
4 5 4 4 4 4
5
2
÷ 4 = 5
2
× 5 = 5
2+1
[ ]
∵ am × an = am+n = 5
3

Question:18
Find the value.

i
1716 ÷ 1716
ii
10-3
iii

(2 ) 3 2

iv
46
× 4-4
Solution:
i

1716 ÷ 1716 = 1716-16 [ ∵a m ÷ an

]
= am-n = 170

=1
ii

[ ]
1 1 1
3 m
10-3 = 10 ∵ a-m = a = 1000

iii

(2 ) 3 2 = 26 [ ∵ am( ) n
= amn = 64 ]
iv

46 × 4-4 = 46+(-4) [ ∵a m × an
]
= am+n = 46-4 = 42

= 16

Question:19
Solve.

i
(6a -
5b -
8c) + (15b + 2a -
5c) ii
(3x+2y)(7x -
8y)
iii
(7m -
5n) -
(-
4n -
11m) iv
(11m -
 12n+3p) -
(9m+7n -
8p)
Solution:
i
(6a -
5b -
8c) + (15b + 2a -
5c)
= 6a -
5b -
8c + 15b + 2a -
5c
= 8a + 10b − 13c
ii
(3x+2y)(7x -
8y)
= 3x(7x -
8y) + 2y(7x -
8y)
= 21x 2 − 24xy + 14xy − 16y 2
= 21x 2 − 10xy − 16y 2
iii
(7m -
5n) -
(-
4n -
11m)
= 7m -
5n + 4n + 11m
= 18m -
n
iv
(11m -
12n + 3p) -
(9m + 7n -
8p)
= 11m -
12n + 3p -
9m -
7n + 8p
= 2m -
19n + 11p

Question:20
Solve the following equations.

i
4(​x + 12) = 8 ii
3y + 4 = 5y -
6
Solution:
i

4(​x + 12) = 8
⇒ 4x + 48 = 8
⇒ 4x + 48 − 48 = 8 − 48
​⇒ 4x = − 40
⇒ x = − 10
ii

3y + 4 = 5y − 6
⇒ ​3y + 4 − 5y = 5y − 6 − 5y
⇒ ​4 − 2y = − 6
⇒ ​4 − 2y − 4 = − 6 − 4
⇒ ​− 2y = − 10
⇒ ​y = 5

Question:21
Choose the right answer from the options given after every question.

The three angle bisectors of a triangle are concurrent. Their point of concurrence is called the ....................... .
i
circumcentre ii
apex iii
incentre iv
point of intersection.
Solution:
The three angle bisectors of a triangle are concurrent. Their point of concurrence is called the incentre.
Hence, the correct option is iii
.

Question:22
Choose the right answer from the options given after every question.

[( ) ]
3
-3 4
7

= ................

()
3
-7
7

ii

()
3
-10
7

iii

()
7
12
3

iv

()
3
20
7

Solution:

[( ) ] ( ) [ ] () () [ ]
3 3 3 7 1
-3 4
( )
-3(4) n -12 12
7 = 7 ∵ am = amn = 7 = 3 ∵ (a)-n = an

​Hence, the correct option is iii

.
Question:23
Choose the right answer from the options given after every question.

()
3 1
The simplest form of 5 ÷ 2 - 3

is ....................
i
3 ii
5 iii
0 iv
1
3

Solution:

()
3 1 2 1 10 1 10-1 9
5÷ 2 - 3 = 5 × 3 -3 = 3 -3 = 3 =3

=3
Hence, the correct option is i
.

Question:24

Choose the right answer from the options given after every question.

1 5
The solution of the equation 3x - 2 = 2 + x
is ...................

i
5
3

ii
7
2

iii
4 iv
3
2

Solution:
1 5 1 5 1 1 5 1
3x - 2 = 2 + x ⇒ 3x -x - 2 = 2 + x -x ⇒ 2x - 2 + 2 = 2 + 2

5 1 3
⇒ 2x = 2 + 2 ⇒ 2x = 3 ⇒ x = 2

Hence, the correct option is iv

.

Question:25
Choose the right answer from the options given after every question.
Which of the following expressions has the value 37 ?

i
10 × 3 + ( 5 + 2)
ii
10 × 4 + ( 5 - 3 )
iii
8 × 4 + 3
iv
(9 × 3) + 2
Solution:
10 × 3 + ( 5 + 2) = 10 × 3 + (7) = 30 + 7 = 37

Hence, the correct option is i

.
 9. Direct Proportion and Inverse Proportion

Question:1
If 7 kg onions cost 140 rupees, how much must we pay for 12 kg onions?
Solution:
Let us suppose the cost of 12 kg onions is x rupees.
The number of onions and their cost vary in direct proportion.
7 12 12×140
∴ 140 = x ⇒x= 7

= 240 rupees
Hence, the cost of 12 kg onions is 240 rupees.

Question:2
If 600 rupees buy 15 bunches of feed, how many will 1280 rupees buy?
Solution:
Let us suppose x bunches of feed can be bought in 1280 rupees.
The number of bunches of feed and their cost vary in direct proportion.
15 x 15×1280
∴ 600 = 1280 ⇒x= 600

= 32
Hence, 32 bunches of feed can be bought in 1280 rupees.

Question:3
For 9 cows, 13 kg 500 g of food supplement are required every day. In the same proportion, how much will be
needed for 12 cows?
Solution:
Let us suppose x kg of food supplement required for 12 cows.
The quantity of food supplement and the number of cows vary in direct proportion.
9 12 12×13.5
∴ 13.5 = x ⇒x= 9

= 18 kg
Hence, 18 kg of food supplement required for 12 cows.

Question:4
The cost of 12 quintals of soyabean is 36,000 rupees. How much will 8 quintals cost?
Solution:
Let us suppose the cost of 8 quintals of soyabean is x rupees.
The quantity of soyabeans and their cost vary in direct proportion.
12 8 8×3600
∴ 3600 = x ⇒ x = 12

= 24000 rupees
Hence, the cost of 8 quintals of soyabean is 24000 rupees.

Question:5
Two mobiles cost 16,000 rupees. How much money will be required to buy 13 such mobiles ?
Solution:
Let us suppose the cost of 13 mobiles is x rupees.
The number of mobiles and their cost vary in direct proportion.
2 13 13×16000
∴ 16000 = x ⇒x= 2
= 104000 rupees
Hence, the cost of 13 mobiles is 104000 rupees.

Question:6
Five workers take 12 days to weed a field. How many days would 6 workers take ? How many would 15 take ?
Solution:
Let us suppose 6 workers will take x days to weed a field.
As the number of workers increases, the number of days decreases.
So, the number of workers and number of days are in inverse proportion.
∴ 5 × 12 = 6 × x
60
⇒x= 6

⇒ x = 10 days
Let us suppose 15 workers will take y days to weed a field.
∴ 5 × 12 = 15 × y
60
⇒ y = 15

⇒ y = 4 days
Hence, 6 workers will take 10 days, while 15 workers will take 4 days to weed a field.

Question:7
Mohanrao took 10 days to finish a book, reading 40 pages every day. How many pages must he read in a day to
finish it in 8 days?
Solution:
Let us suppose Mohanrao will have to read x pages every day to finish the book in 8 days.
As the number of days decreases, the number of pages increases.
So, the number of days and number of pages are in inverse proportion.
∴ 10 × 40 = 8 × x
400
⇒x= 8

⇒ x = 50 pages
Hence, Mohanrao will have to read 50 pages every day to finish the book in 8 days

Question:8
Mary cycles at 6 km per hour. How long will she take to reach her Aunt’s house which is 12 km away ? If she
cycles at a speed of 4 km/hr, how long would she take ?
Solution:
Given:
Case -1:
Speed = 6 km/hr
Distance = 12 km
Dis tanc e 12
∴ Time = Speed = 6

= 2 hours
Case -2:
​S peed = 4 km/hr
Distance = 12 km
Dis tanc e 12
∴ Time = Speed = 4

= 3 hours
Hence, if the speed of cycle is 6 km/hr then, Marry will take 2 hours and if the speed of cycle is 4 km/hr then, she
will take 3 hours to reach her Aunt’s house.
Question:9
The stock of grain in a government warehouse lasts 30 days for 4000 people. How many days will it last for 6000
people ?
Solution:
Let us suppose the stock of grain in a government warehouse lasts x days for 6000 people.
As the number of people increases, the number of days decreases.
So, the number of days and number of people are in inverse proportion.
∴ 30 × 4000 = 6000 × x
120000
⇒x= 6000

⇒ x = 20 days
Hence, the stock of grain in a government warehouse lasts 20 days for 6000 people.

Question:10
Suresh and Ramesh together invested 144000 rupees in the ratio 4:5 and bought a plot of land. After some years
they sold it at a profit of 20%. What is the profit each of them got?
Solution:
The proportion of Suresh's and Ramesh’s investment is 4:5.
The profit is shared in the same proportion as the investment, hence, proportion of profit is 4:5.
20
Now, profit = 100 × 144000

= 28800 rupees
Therefore, the profit of Suresh and Ramesh is given by
4
Suresh's profit = 9 × 28800

= 12800 rupees
5
Ramesh's profit = 9 × 28800

= 16000 rupees
Hence, Suresh and Ramesh got the profit of 12800 and 16000 rupees respectively.

Question:11
Virat and Samrat together invested 50000 and 120000 rupees to start a business. They suffered a loss of 20%. How
much loss did each of them incur ?
Solution:
The proportion of Virat's and Samrat’s investment is given by
50000:120000 = 5:12
The loss is shared in the same proportion as the investment, hence, proportion of profit is 5:12.
20
Now, Loss = 100 × (50000 + 120000)

20
100 × (170000)

= 34000 rupees
Therefore, the loss incurred by Virat and Samrat is given by
5
Virat's loss = 17 × 34000

= 10000 rupees
12
Samrat's loss = 17 × 34000
= 24000 rupees
Hence, Virat and Samrat incurred the loss of ​10000 and 24000 rupees respectively.

Question:12
Shweta, Piyush and Nachiket together invested 80000 rupees and started a business of selling sheets and towels
from Solapur. Shweta’s share of the capital was 30000 rupees and Piyush’s 12000. At the end of the year they had
made a profit of 24%. What was Nachiket’s investment and what was his share of the profit?
Solution:
Nachiket’s investement = Total investment − Shweta′sinvestment + Piyush′sinvestment

= 80000 − 30000 + 12000

= 80000 − 42000
= 38000 rupees
The proportion of Shweta's, Piyush's and Nachiket's investment is given by
30000:12000:38000 = 15:6:19
The profit is shared in the same proportion as the investment, hence, proportion of profit is 15:6:19.
24
Now, Profit = 100 × (80000)

= 19200 rupees
Therefore, Nachiket’s share of the profit is given by
19
= 40 × 19200

= 9120 rupees
Hence, Nachiket’s investment and his share of the profit are ​38000 and 9120 rupees respectively.

Question:13
A and B shared a profit of 24500 rupees in the proportion 3:7. Each of them gave 2% of his share of the profit to the
Soldiers’ Welfare Fund. What was the actual amount given to the Fund by each of them?
Solution:
Amount of share to the Soldiers’ Welfare Fund = 2% of 24500
= 490 rupees
The profit is shared in the proportion 3:7.
Therefore, A’s share to the Fund is given by
3
= 10 × 490

= 147 rupees
Therefore, B’s share to the Fund is given by
7
= 10
​ × 490

= 343 rupees
Hence, A's and B's share to the fund are 147 and 343 rupees respectively.

Question:14
Jaya, Seema, Nikhil and Neelesh put in altogether 360000 rupees to form a partnership, with their investments
being in the proportion 3 : 4 : 7 : 6. What was Jaya’s actual share in the capital ? They made a profit of 12%. How
much profit did Nikhil make ?
Solution:
Total investment = 360000 rupees
12
Total profit = 100 × 360000

= 43200 rupees
The profit is shared in the same proportion as the investment, hence, proportion of profit is 3:4:7:6.
Jaya's share is given by
3
20 × 360000

= 54000 rupees
Nikhil's share in the profit is given by
7
20 × 43200

= 15120 rupees
Hence, Jaya's share and Nikhil's profit are 54000 and 15120 rupees respectively.
 10. Banks and Simple Interest

Question:1
If Rihanna deposits 1500 rupees in the school fund at 9 p.c.p.a for 2 years, what is the total amount she will get?
Solution:
Given:
Principal (P) = 1500 rupees,
Rate of interest (R) = 9%
Time (T) = 2 years
P×R×T
Total interest (I) = 100

1500×9×2
= 100

= 270 rupees
Now, total amount = P + I
= 1500 + 270
= 1770 rupees
Hence, Rihanna will get the total amount of 1770 rupees.

Question:2
Jethalal took a housing loan of 2,50,000 rupees from a bank at 10 p.c.p.a. for 5 years. What is the yearly interest he
must pay and the total amount he returns to the bank?
Solution:
Given:
Principal (P) = 250000 rupees,
Rate of interest (R) = 10%
Time (T) = 5 years
P×R×T
Total interest (I) = 100

250000×10×5
= 100

= 125000 rupees
Now, total amount = P + I
= 2500000 + 125000
= 375000 rupees
Hence, Jethalal will have to pay 125000 rupees as an interest and 375000 as the the total amount to the bank.

Question:3
1
Shri kant deposited 85,000 rupees for 22
years at 7 p.c.p.a. in a savings bank account. What is the total interest he received at the end of the period?
Solution:
Given:
Principal (P) = 85000 rupees,
Rate of interest (R) = 7%
1
Time (T) = 22
years
5
=2
years
P×R×T
Total interest (I) = 100
 85000×7×5
= 2×100

= 14875 rupees
Hence, Shrikant will receive 14875 rupees as an interest from the bank.

Question:4
At a certain rate of interest, the interest after 4 years on 5000 rupees principal is 1200 rupees. What would be the
interest on 15000 rupees at the same rate of interest for the same period?
Solution:
Given:
Principal (P) = 5000 rupees,
Time (T) = 4 years
Total interest (I) = 1200
I×100
Rate of interest (R) = P×T

1200×100
= 5000×4

= 6%
P×R×T
Now, Total interest (I) on 15000 rupees = 100

15000×6×4
= 100

= 3600 rupees
Hence, the rate of interest for the same period is 3600 rupees.

Question:5
If Pankaj deposits 1,50,000 rupees in a bank at 10 p.c.p.a. for two years, what is the total amount he will get from
the bank ?
Solution:
Given:
Principal (P) = 150000 rupees,
Rate of interest (R) = 10%
Time (T) = 2 years
P×R×T
Total interest (I) = 100

150000×10×2
= 100

= 30000 rupees
Now, total amount = P + I
= 150000 + 30000
= 180000 rupees
Hence, Pankaj will get the total amount of 180000 rupees from the bank.

Question:6
If the interest on 1700 rupees is 340 rupees for 2 years the rate of interest must be ......... .
i
12 %
ii
15 %
iii
4%
iv
10 %
Solution:
Given:
Principal (P) = 1700 rupees,
Total interest (I) = 340 rupees
Time (T) = 2 years

I×100
Rate of interest (R) = P×T

340×100
= 1700×2

= 10%
Hence, the correct option is iv
.

Question:7
If the interest on 3000 rupees is 600 rupees at a certain rate for a certain number of years, what would the interest
be on 1500 rupees under the same conditions ?
i
300 rupees
ii
1000 rupees
iii
700 rupees
iv
500 rupees
Solution:
The interest on 3000 rupees is 600 rupees
600
The interest on 1 rupee is 3000

rupees
600
The interest on 1500 rupee is 3000 × 1500 = 300
rupees
Hence, the correct option is i
.

Question:8
Javed deposited 12000 rupees at 9 p.c.p.a. in a bank for some years, and withdrew his interest every year. At the
end of the period, he had received altogether 17,400 rupees. For how many years had he deposited his money ?
Solution:
Given:
Principal (P) = 12000 rupees,
Rate of interest (R) = 9%
Total Amount = 17400 rupees
Total interest (I) = 17400 − 12000
= 5400 rupees
I×100
Time (T) = P×R

5400×100
= 12000×9

= 5 years
Hence, Javed had deposited the money for 5 years.
Question:9
1
Lataben borrowed some money from a bank at a rate of 10 p.c.p.a. interest for 22
years to start a cottage industry. If she paid 10250 rupees as total interest, how much money had she borrowed ?
Solution:
Given:
Total interest (I) = 10250 rupees
Rate of interest (R) = 10%
1
Time (T) = 22

5
=2
years
I×100
Principal (P) = R×T

10250×100×2
= 10×5

= 41000 rupees
Hence, Lataben had deposited 41000 rupees in a bank.

Question:10
Fill in the blanks in the table.
Rate of interest
Principal Time Interest Amount
p. c. p. a.
3
i 4200 7% ...... ......
years
4
ii ...... 6% 1200 ......
years
iii 8000 5% ...... 800 ......
iv ...... 5% ...... 6000 18000
1 5
v ...... 2400 ......
22 % years
Solution:
i

Giv en:
Princ ipal (P) = 4200 rupees ,
Rate of interes t (R) = 7%
Time (T) = 3 y ears
Total interes t (I) =
P×R×T
100

4200×7×3
= 100

= 882 rupees
Total Amount = P + I
= 4200 + 882
= 5082 rupees

ii
Giv en:
Total interes t (I) = 1200 rupes s
Rate of interes t (R) = 6%
Time (T) = 4 y ears
Princ ipal (P) =
I×100
R×T

1200×100
= 6×4

= 5000 rupees
Total Amount = P + I
= 5000 + 1200
= 6200 rupees

iii

Giv en:
Princ ipal (P) = 8000 rupees
Total interes t (I) = 800 rupes s
Rate of interes t (R) = 5%
Time (T) =
I×100
P×R

800×100
= 8000×5

= 2 years
Total Amount = P + I
= 8000 + 800
= 8800 rupees

iv

Giv en:
Princ ipal (P) = 8000 rupees
Total interes t (I) = 6000 rupes s
Now, Princ ipal (P) = Total Amount − I
= 18000 − 6000
= 12000 rupees​
Rate of interes t (R) = 5%
Time (T) =
I×100
P×R

6000×100
= 12000×5

= 10 years

Giv en:
Total interes t (I) = 2400 rupes s
Rate of interes t (R) =
1

2 2%
=
5
2
%
Time (T) = 5 y ears
Princ ipal (P) =
I×100
R×T

2400×100×2
= 5×5

= 19200 rupees
Total Amount = P + I
= 19200 + 2400
= 21600 rupees

Rate of interest
Principal Time Interest Amount
p. c. p. a.
i 4200 7% 3 years 882 5082
ii 5000 6% 4 years 1200 6200
iii 8000 5% 2 years 800 8800
10
iv 12000 5% 6000 18000
years
1
v 19200 5 years 2400 21600
22 %
 11. Circle

Question:1
Complete the table below
Sr. No. Radius (r) Diameter (d) Circumference (c)
i 7 cm .................... .................
ii ............ 28 cm ..............
iii .............. ............... 616 cm
iv ........... ............. 72.6 cm
Solution:

i
Radius, r = 7 cm
Diameter, d = 2r = 2 × 7 = 14 cm
∴ Circumference, c = π d
22
= 7

× 14
= 22 × 2
= 44 cm

ii
Diameter, d = 28 cm
d
Radius, r = 2
28
= 2

= 14 cm
∴ Circumference, c = 2π r
22
=2× 7
× 14
= 88 cm

iii
Circumference, c = 616 cm
Now, c = 2π r (where 'r' is the radius)
22
⇒616 = 2 × 7

×r
1
⇒r = 616 × 2
7
× 22

⇒r = 98
So, radius = 98 cm
Diameter, d = 2r = 2 × 98 = 196 cm

iv
Circumference, c = 72.6 cm
Now, c = 2π r (where 'r' is the radius)
22
⇒72.6 = 2 × 7

×r
1
⇒r = 72.6 × 2
 7
× 22

⇒r = 11.55
So, radius = 11.55 cm
Diameter, d = 2r = 2 × 11.55 = 23.1 cm

The complete table is shown below.

Sr. No. Radius (r) Diameter (d) Circumference (c)

i 7 cm 14 cm 44 cm
ii 14 cm 28 cm 88 cm
iii 98 cm 196 cm 616 cm
iv 11.55 cm 23.1 cm 72.6 cm

Question:2
If the circumference of a circle is 176 cm, find its radius.
Solution:

Circumference, c = 176 cm
Now, c = 2π r (where 'r' is the radius of circle)
22
⇒176 = 2 × 7

×r
1
⇒r = 176 × 2
7
× 22

⇒r = 28
∴ Radius of the circle = 28 cm

Question:3
The radius of a circular garden is 56 m. What would it cost to put a 4-round fence around this garden at a rate of 40
rupees per metre ?
Solution:

Radius of the circular garden, r = 56 m

Circumference of the circular garden, c = 2π r
22
=2× 7
× 56
= 352 m
∴ Length of the wire needed for one round of fencing = c = 352 m
Cost of one round of fencing = length of wire × cost per metre
= 352 × 40
= 14080 rupees
Cost of four round of fencing = 4 × 14080 = 56320 rupees

Question:4
The wheel of a bullock cart has a diameter of 1.4 m. How many rotations will the wheel complete as the cart travels
1.1 km ?
Solution:

Diameter of the wheel, d = 1.4 m

Circumference, c = π d
22
= 7
× 1.4
= 4.4 m
When the wheel completes 1 rotation, it covers a distance that is equal to its circumference.
So, number of rotations taken by the wheel to cover 4.4 m = 1
Now, the wheel covered a total distance of 1.1 km.
We know that, 1 km = 1000 m
∴ 1.1 km = 1.1 × 1000 m = 1100 m
total dis tanc e
∴ Total number of rotations taken by wheel = c irc umferenc e

1100
= 4.4

11000
= 44

= 250
Hence, the wheel completes 250 rotations to cover a distance of 1.1 km.

Question:5
Choose the correct option.
If arc AXB and arc AYB are corresponding arcs and marcAXB
= 120° then marcAYB
= 12 eryyt4

i
140° ii
60° iii
240° iv
160°

Solution:

Consider that arc AXB is the minor arc and arc AYB is the corresponding major arc.
It is known that, measure of major arc = 360∘ − measure of the corresponding minor arc.
We have, marcAXB
= 120° .
So, marcAYB
= 360∘ − marcAXB
= 360∘ − 120∘ = 240∘
Hence, the correct answer is option iii
.

Question:6
Some arcs are shown in the circle with centre ‘O’. Write the names of the minor arcs, major arcs and semicircular
arcs from among them.
Solution:
Minor arc : An arc of a circle having measure less than 180∘ .
Major arc : An arc of a circle having measure greater than 180∘ .
Semicircular arc : An arc of a circle having measure equal to 180∘ .

Names of minor arcs :

i
arc PXQ
ii
arc PR
iii
arc RY
iv
arc XP
v
arc XQ
vi
arc QY

Names of major arcs :

i
arc PYQ
ii
arc PQR
iii
arc RQY
iv
arc XQP
v
arc QRX

Names of semicircular arcs :

i
arc QPR
ii
arc QYR

Question:7
In a circle with centre O, the measure of a minor arc is 110° . What is the measure of the major arc PYQ?
Solution:

Suppose PQ is the minor arc and then marcPQ

= 110∘ .
We know that, measure of major arc = 360∘ − measure of corresponding minor arc.
∴ marcPYQ
= 360∘ − marcPQ

= 360∘ − 110∘
= 250∘
Hence, the measure of major arc PYQ is 250∘ .
 12. Perimeter and Area

Question:1
If the length and breadth of a rectangle are doubled, how many times the perimeter of the old rectangle will that of
the new rectangle be?
Solution:

Let the length of old rectangle = l

Let the breadth of old rectangle = b
Perimeter of the old rectangle = 2length + breadth
= 2(l + b)
When the length and the breadth of the rectangle are doubled, then
length of the new rectangle = 2l
breadth of the new rectangle = 2b
∴ Perimeter of new rectangle = 2length + breadth

= 2(2l + 2b)
= 2 × 2(l + b)
= 2 × perimeter of the old rectangle [∵ perimeter of old rectangle = 2(l + b)]
Hence, the perimeter of the new rectangle will become two times of the perimeter of the old rectangle.

Question:2
If the side of a square is tripled, how many times the perimeter of the first square will that of the new square be?
Solution:

Let the length of each side of the old square = s

Then, perimeter of the old square = 4 × side = 4 × s = 4s
When the length of each side of the square is tripled, then
length of each side of the new square = 3s
∴ perimeter of the new square = 4 × side
= 4 × 3s
= 3 × 4s
= 3 × perimeter of the old square [∵ perimeter of the old square = 4s]
Hence, the perimeter of the new square will become three times of the perimeter of the old square.

Question:3
Given alongside is the diagram of a playground. It shows the length of its sides. Find the perimeter of the
playground.

Solution:

It is known that, perimeter of a polygon is equal to sum of the lengths of all the sides of the polygon.
Let us mark the vertices of the given polygon as A, B, C, D, E and F.
The given figure can be broken into rectangle and square by drawing a line CG || BA.
Now, ABCG is a rectangle and GDEF is a square.
Since, opposite sides of rectangle are equal, then
GC = AB = 10 m and AG = BC = 15 m
Since length of each sides of square is equal, then
GD = DE = EF = FG = 15 m
Perimeter of ABCDEFG = AB + BC + CD + DE + EF + FG + GA
= 10 + 15 + 5 + 15 + 15 + 15 + 15
= 90 m

Question:4
As shown in the figure, four napkins all of the same size were made from a square piece of cloth of length 1 m.
What length of lace will be required to trim all four sides of all the napkins ?

Solution:

Length of each side of a square piece of cloth = 1 m

Now, four napkins all of same size were made from this square piece of cloth.
∴ Length of each side of a napkin, s = Length of each side of a square piece of cloth ÷ 2
=1÷2
1
=2
m
Length of lace needed to trim all the four sides of a napkin = perimeter of a napkin
=4×s
1
=4× 2

=2m
∴ Length of lace needed to trim all the four sides of four napkins = 4 × length of lace needed for a napkin
=4×2
=8m

Question:5
If the side of a square is 12 cm, find its area.
Solution:

Length of each side of square, s = 12 cm

∴ Area of square = s 2
= 12
2
= 12 × 12
= 144 cm 2
Thus, the area of the square is 144 cm 2.

Question:6
If the length of a rectangle is 15 cm and breadth is 5 cm, find its area.
Solution:

Length of the rectangle, l = 15 cm

Breadth of the rectangle, b = 5 cm
∴ Area of rectangle = l × b
= 15 × 5
= 75 cm 2
Hence, the area of rectangle is 75 cm 2.

Question:7
The area of a rectangle is 102 sqcm. If its length is 17 cm, what is its perimeter ?
Solution:

Area of rectangle = 102 cm 2

Length of the rectangle, l = 17 cm
area of rec tangle
∴ Breadth of the rectangle, b = length of rec tangle
∵ areaofrectangle = length × breadth

102
⇒b = 17
= 6 cm
Perimeter of rectangle = 2length + breadth

= 217 + 6

= 2 × 23
= 46 cm

Question:8
If the side of a square is tripled, how many times will its area be as compared to the area of the original square ?
Solution:

Let the length of each side of original square = s

Area of original square = side × side = s 2
When the side of the square is tripled, then
length of each side of new square = 3s
Area of new square = side × side
= 3s × 3s
= 9s 2
= 9 × s2
= 9 × area of original square [∵ area of original square = s 2]
Hence, the area of the new square will become nine times the area of the original square.

Question:9
A page of a calendar is 45 cm long and 26 cm wide. What is its area ?
Solution:

Length of the calendar, l = 45 cm

Breadth of the calendar, b = 26 cm
∴ Area of calendar = l × b
= 45 × 26
= 1170 cm 2

Question:10
What is the area of a triangle with base 4.8 cm and height 3.6 cm ?
Solution:

We have, base of a triangle = 4.8 cm

Height of a triangle = 3.6 cm
1
∴ Area of a triangle = 2
× base × height
1
=2
× 4.8 × 3.6
= 8.64 cm 2

Question:11
What is the value of a rectangular plot of land 75.5 m long and 30.5 m broad at the rate of 1000 rupees per square
metre ?
Solution:

Length of the rectangular plot of land, l = 75.5 m

Breadth of the rectangular plot of land, b = 30.5 m
∴ Area of rectangular plot of land = l × b
= 75.5 × 30.5
= 2302.75 m 2
Cost of 1 m 2 of rectangular plot of land = 1000 rupees
∴ Cost of 2302.75 m 2 of rectangular plot of land = 1000 × 2302.75
= 2302750 rupees
Hence, the value of the rectangular plot of land is Rs 2302750.

Question:12
A rectangular hall is 12 m long and 6 m broad. Its flooring is to be made of square tiles of side 30 cm. How many
tiles will fit in the entire hall ? How many would be required if tiles of side 15 cm were used?
Solution:

Length of the rectangular hall, l = 12 m

Breadth of the rectangular hall, b = 6 m
Area of the floor of the rectangular hall = l × b
= 12 × 6
= 72 m 2
30
Length of each side of square tile used in the first case = 30 cm = 100 m
= 0.3 m ∵ 100cm = 1m

Area of each tile = side × side

= 0.3 × 0.3
= 0.09 m 2
area of floor
∴ Required number of square tiles each of side 30 cm = area of eac h tile

72
= 0.09
 72×100
= 9

= 800
15
Length of each side of square tile used in the second case = 15 cm = 100 m
= 0.15 m
Area of each tile = side × side
= 0.15 × 0.15
= 0.0225 m 2
area of floor
∴ Required number of square tiles each of side 15 cm = area of eac h tile

72
= 0.0225

72×10000
= 225

= 3200

Question:13
Find the perimeter and area of a garden with measures as shown in the figure alongside.

Solution:

Let us mark the vertices of the given polygon as A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L.

Perimeter of garden ABCDEFGHIJKL = sum of all the sides of polygon = AB + BC + CD + DE + EF + FG + GH + HI +
IJ + JK + KL
= 13 + 13 + 13 + 13 + 13 + 13 + 13 + 13 + 13 + 13 + 13
= 143 m

The given figure of the garden can be broken into five squares as follows.
Now, length of each side of each of the five squares is equal to 13 m.
Area of each square = side × side
= 13 × 13
= 169 m 2
∴ Area of the five squares = 5 × area of each square
= 5 × 169
= 845 m 2
Hence, the area of the given garden is 845 m 2.

Question:14
Find the total surface area of cubes having the following sides.
i
3 cm ii
5 cm iii
7.2 m iv
6.8 m v
5.5 m
Solution:

i
Length of each side of cube, l = 3 cm
∴ Total surface area of the cube = 6 × l 2
=6×3
2
=6×9
= 54 cm 2

ii
Length of each side of cube, l = 5 cm
∴ Total surface area of the cube = 6 × l 2
=6×5
2
= 6 × 25
= 150 cm 2

iii
Length of each side of cube, l = 7.2 m
∴ Total surface area of the cube = 6 × l 2
= 6 × 7.2
2
= 6 × 51.84
= 311.04 m 2

iv
Length of each side of cube, l = 6.8 m
∴ Total surface area of the cube = 6 × l 2
= 6 × 6.8
2
= 6 × 46.24
= 277.44 m 2

v
Length of each side of cube, l = 5.5 m
∴ Total surface area of the cube = 6 × l 2
= 6 × 5.5
2
= 6 × 30.25
= 181.50 m 2

Question:15
Find the total surface area of the cuboids of length, breadth and height as given below:

i
12 cm, 10 cm, 5 cm ii
5 cm, 3.5 cm, 1.4 cm
iii
2.5 cm, 2 m, 2.4 m iv
8 m, 5 m, 3.5 m
Solution:

i
Length of the cuboid, l = 12 cm
Breadth of the cuboid, b = 10 cm
Height of the cuboid, h = 5 cm
∴ Total surface area of the cuboid = 2(l × b + b × h + h × l)
= 212 × 10 + 10 × 5 + 5 × 12

= 2120 + 50 + 60

= 2 × 230
= 460 cm 2

ii
Length of the cuboid, l = 5 cm
Breadth of the cuboid, b = 3.5 cm
Height of the cuboid, h = 1.4 cm
∴ Total surface area of the cuboid = 2(l × b + b × h + h × l)
= 25 × 3.5 + 3.5 × 1.4 + 1.4 × 5

= 217.5 + 4.9 + 7.0

= 2 × 29.4
= 58.8 cm 2

iii
2.5
Length of the cuboid, l = 2.5 cm = 100
m = 0.025 m

∵ 100cm = 1m

Breadth of the cuboid, b = 2 m

Height of the cuboid, h = 2.4 m
∴ Total surface area of the cuboid = 2(l × b + b × h + h × l)
= 20.025 × 2 + 2 × 2.4 + 2.4 × 0.025

= 20.05 + 4.8 + 0.06

= 2 × 4.91
= 9.82 m 2

iv
Length of the cuboid, l = 8 m
Breadth of the cuboid, b = 5 m
Height of the cuboid, h = 3.5 m
∴ Total surface area of the cuboid = 2(l × b + b × h + h × l)
= 28 × 5 + 5 × 3.5 + 3.5 × 8

= 240 + 17.5 + 28

= 2 × 85.5
= 171 m 2

Question:16
A matchbox is 4 cm long, 2.5 cm broad and 1.5 cm in height. Its outer sides are to be covered exactly with craft
paper. How much paper will be required to do so ?
Solution:

Length of the matchbox, l = 4 cm

Breadth of the matchbox, b = 2.5 cm
Height of the matchbox, h = 1.5 cm
∴ Surface area of the box = 2(l × b + b × h + h × l)
= 24 × 2.5 + 2.5 × 1.5 + 1.5 × 4

= 210 + 3.75 + 6

= 2 × 19.75
= 39.5 cm 2
Hence, 39.5 cm 2 of the craft paper will be needed to cover the matchbox.

Question:17
An open box of length 1.5 m, breadth 1 m, and height 1 m is to be made for use on a trolley for carrying garden
waste. How much sheet metal will be required to make this box ? The inside and outside surface of the box is to be
painted with rust proof paint. At a rate of 150 rupees per sqm, how much will it cost to paint the box?
Solution:

Length of the open box, l = 1.5 m

Breadth of the open box, b = 1 m
Height of the open box, h = 1 m
Surface area of open box = Total surface area of the box − Area of the top
= 2(l × b + b × h + h × l) − l × b
= 21.5 × 1 + 1 × 1 + 1 × 1.5
− 1.5 × 1
= 21.5 + 1 + 1.5
− 1.5
= 2 × 4 − 1.5
= 8 − 1.5
= 6.5 m 2
Hence, 6.5 m 2 of the sheet will be needed to make the open box.
Now, it is given that the inside and the outside surface of the open box is to be painted with rust proof paint.
∴ Total area of the box to be painted = 2 × Surface area of open box
= 2 × 6.5
= 13 m 2
Now, cost of painting of 1 m 2 of area = 150 rupees
∴ Cost of painting of 13 m 2 of area = 16 × 150 = 1950 rupees
Hence, it will cost 1950 rupees to paint the open box from inside and outside with rust proof paint.
 13. Pythagora Theorem

Question:1
In the figures below, find the value of 'x'.

Solution:

(i)

In the right angled triangle LMN, ∠M = 90∘ . Hence, side LN is the hypotenuse.
According to Pythagoras' theorem,
l(LN)2 = l(LM)2 + l(MN)2
⇒(x)2 = (7)2 + (24)2
⇒x 2 = 49 + 576
⇒x 2 = 625
⇒x 2 = (25)2
⇒x = 25
∴ the value of x is 25.

(ii)

In the right angled triangle PQR, ∠Q = 90∘ . Hence, side PR is the hypotenuse.
According to Pythagoras' theorem,
l(PR)2 = l(QR)2 + l(PQ)2
⇒(41)2 = (x)2 + (9)2
⇒1681 = x 2 + 81
⇒x 2 = 1681 − 81
⇒x 2 = 1600
⇒x 2 = (40)2
⇒x = 40
∴ the value of x is 40.

(iii)

In the right angled triangle EDF, ∠D = 90∘ . Hence, side EF is the hypotenuse.
According to Pythagoras' theorem,
l(EF)2 = l(ED)2 + l(DF)2
⇒(17)2 = (x)2 + (8)2
⇒289 = x 2 + 64
⇒x 2 = 289 − 64
⇒x 2 = 225
⇒x 2 = (15)2
⇒x = 15
∴ the value of x is 15.

Question:2
In the right-angled ΔPQR, ∠ P = 90°. If l(PQ) = 24 cm and l(PR) = 10 cm, find the length of seg QR.
Solution:

In the right angled triangle PQR, ∠P = 90∘ . Hence, side QR is the hypotenuse.
According to Pythagoras' theorem,
l(QR)2 = l(PQ)2 + l(PR)2
⇒l(QR)2 = (24)2 + (10)2
⇒l(QR)2 = 576 + 100
⇒l(QR)2 = 676
⇒l(QR)2 = (26)2
⇒l(QR) = 26
∴ Length of seg QR = 26 cm.

Question:3
In the right-angled ΔLMN, ∠ M = 90°. If l(LM) = 12 cm and l(LN) = 20 cm, find the length of seg MN.
Solution:

In the right angled triangle LMN, ∠M = 90∘ . Hence, side LN is the hypotenuse.
According to Pythagoras' theorem,
l(LN)2 = l(MN)2 + l(LM)2
⇒(20)2 = l(MN)2 + (12)2
⇒400 = l(MN)2 + 144
⇒l(MN)2 = 400 − 144
⇒l(MN)2 = 256
⇒l(MN)2 = (16)2
⇒l(MN) = 16
∴ Length of seg MN = 16 cm.

Question:4
The top of a ladder of length 15 m reaches a window 9 m above the ground. What is the distance between the base
of the wall and that of the ladder ?
Solution:

Let LN be ladder of length 15 m that is resting against a wall. Let M be the base of the wall and L be the position of
the window.
The window is 9 m above the ground. Now, MN is the distance between base of the wall and that of the ladder.
In the right angled triangle LMN, ∠M = 90∘ . Hence, side LN is the hypotenuse.
According to Pythagoras' theorem,
l(LN)2 = l(MN)2 + l(LM)2
⇒(15)2 = l(MN)2 + (9)2
⇒225 = l(MN)2 + 81
⇒l(MN)2 = 225 − 81
⇒l(MN)2 = 144
⇒l(MN)2 = (12)2
⇒l(MN) = 12
∴ Length of seg MN = 16 m.
Hence, the distance between base of the wall and that of the ladder is 12 m.

Question:5
Find the Pythagorean triplets from among the following sets of numbers.
(i) 3, 4, 5
(ii) 2, 4, 5
(iii) 4, 5, 6
(iv) 2, 6, 7
(v) 9, 40, 41
(vi) 4, 7, 8
Solution:

It is known that, if in a triplet of natural numbers, the square of the biggest number is equal to sum of the squares of
the other two numbers, then the three numbers form a Pythgorean triplet.

(i) The given set of numbers is (3, 4, 5).

The biggest number among the given set is 5.
52 = 25; 42 = 16; 32 = 9
Now, 16 + 9 = 25
∴ 42 + 32 = 52
Thus, (3, 4, 5) forms a Pythagorean triplet.

(ii) The given set of numbers is (2, 4, 5).

The biggest number among the given set is 5.
52 = 25; 42 = 16; 22 = 4
Now, 16 + 4 = 20 ≠ 25
∴ 42 + 22 ≠ 52
Thus, (2, 4, 5) does not form a Pythagorean triplet.

(iii) The given set of numbers is (4, 5, 6).

The biggest number among the given set is 6.
62 = 36; 52 = 25; 42 = 16
Now, 25 + 16 = 41 ≠ 36
∴ 52 + 42 ≠ 62
Thus, (4, 5, 6) does not form a Pythagorean triplet.

(iv) The given set of numbers is (2, 6, 7).

The biggest number among the given set is 7.
72 = 49; 62 = 36; 22 = 4
Now, 4 + 36 = 40 ≠ 49
∴ 22 + 62 ≠ 72
Thus, (2, 6, 7) does not form a Pythagorean triplet.

(v) The given set of numbers is (9, 40, 41).

The biggest number among the given set is 41.
92 = 81; 402 = 1600; 412 = 1681
Now, 81 + 1600 = 1681
∴ 92 + 402 = 412
Thus, (9, 40, 41) forms a Pythagorean triplet.

(vi) The given set of numbers is (4, 7, 8).

The biggest number among the given set is 8.
82 = 64; 72 = 49; 42 = 16
Now, 16 + 49 = 65 ≠ 64
∴ 42 + 72 ≠ 82
Thus, (4, 7, 8) does not form a Pythagorean triplet.

Question:6
The sides of some triangles are given below. Find out which ones are right-angled triangles?
(i) 8, 15, 17
(ii) 11, 12, 15
(iii) 11, 60, 61
(iv) 1.5, 1.6, 1.7
(v) 40, 20, 30
Solution:

It is known that, if in a triplet of natural numbers, the square of the biggest number is equal to sum of the squares of
the other two numbers, then the three numbers form a Pythgorean triplet. If the lengths of the sides of a triangle form
such a triplet, then the triangle is right angled triangle.

(i) The sides of the given triangle is 8, 15 and 17.

Let us check whether the given set (8, 15, 17) forms a Pythagorean triplet or not.
The biggest number among the given set is 17.
(17)2 = 289; (15)2 = 225; (8)2 = 64
Now, 225 + 64 = 289
∴ (15)2 + (8)2 = (17)2
Thus, (8, 15, 17) forms a Pythagorean triplet.
Hence, the given triangle with sides 8, 15 and 17 is a right-angled triangle.

(ii) The sides of the given triangle is 11, 12 and 15.

Let us check whether the given set (11, 12, 15) forms a Pythagorean triplet or not.
The biggest number among the given set is 15.
(15)2 = 225; (11)2 = 121; (12)2 = 144
Now, 121 + 144 = 265 ≠ 225
∴ (11)2 + (12)2 ≠ (15)2
Thus, (11, 12, 15) does not form a Pythagorean triplet.
Hence, the given triangle with sides 8, 15 and 17 is not a right-angled triangle.
(iii) The sides of the given triangle is 11, 60 and 61.
Let us check whether the given set (11, 60, 61) forms a Pythagorean triplet or not.
The biggest number among the given set is 61.
(61)2 = 3721; (11)2 = 121; (60)2 = 3600
Now, 121 + 3600 = 3721
∴ (11)2 + (60)2 = (61)2
Thus, (11, 60, 61) forms a Pythagorean triplet.
Hence, the given triangle with sides 11, 60 and 61 is a right-angled triangle.

(iv) The sides of the given triangle is 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7.
Let us check whether the given set (1.5, 1.6, 1.7) forms a Pythagorean triplet or not.
The biggest number among the given set is 1.7.
(1.7)2 = 2.89; (1.5)2 = 2.25; (1.6)2 = 2.56
Now, 2.25 + 2.56 = 4.81 ≠ 2.89
∴ (1.5)2 + (1.6)2 ≠ (1.7)2
Thus, (1.5, 1.6, 1.7) does not form a Pythagorean triplet.
Hence, the given triangle with sides 1.5, 1.6 and 1.7 is not a right-angled triangle.

(v) The sides of the given triangle is 40, 20 and 30.

Let us check whether the given set (40, 20, 30) forms a Pythagorean triplet or not.
The biggest number among the given set is 40.
(40)2 = 1600; (20)2 = 400; (30)2 = 900
Now, 400 + 900 = 1300 ≠ 1600
∴ (20)2 + (30)2 ≠ (40)2
Thus, (40, 20, 30) does not form a Pythagorean triplet.
Hence, the given triangle with sides 40, 20 and 30 is not a right-angled triangle.
 14. Algebraic Formulae – Expansion of Squares

Question:1
Expand.

i
( 5a + 6b)2 ii

( )
a b
2
2 + 3

iii
(2p - 3q)2
iv

( )
2
2
x - x

v
(ax + by)2
vi
(7m - 4)2
vii

( )
1
2
x +2

viii

( )
1
2
a - a

Solution:
It is known that, (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 and (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2.
(i) (5a + 6b)2 = (5a)2 + 2 × (5a)(6b)+ (6b)2 = 25a2 + 60ab + 36b2

( ) () () () ()
a b a a b b a 2 ab b 2
2 2 2
(ii) 2 +3 = 2 +2× 2 × 3 + 3 = 4 + 3 +9

(iii) (2p -3q)2 = (2p)2 -2 × (2p)× (3q)+ (3q)2 = 4p2 -12pq + 9q2

( ) () ()
2 2 2 4
2 2 2
(iv) x -x = (x)2 -2 × (x)× x + x = x -4 +
2 x

(v) (ax + by)2 = (ax)2 + 2 × (ax)× (by)+ (by)2 = a2 x 2 + 2axby + b2 y 2

(vi) (7m -4)2 = (7m)2 -2 × (7m)× (4)+ (4)2 = 49m 2 -56m + 16

( ) () ()
1 1 1 1
2 2
(vii) x + 2 = (x)2 + 2 × (x)× 2 + 2 = x2 + x + 4

( ) () ()
1 1 1 1
2 2 2
(viii) a - a = (a)2 -2 × (a)× a + a = a2 -2 + a

Question:2
 ( )
1
Which of the options given below is the square of the binomial 8 - x

i
1
64 - x2

ii
1
2
64 + x
iii
16 1
64 - x + x2

iv
16 1
64 + x + x2

Solution:

( )
1
The given binomial is 8 -x

( ) () ()
1 1 1 16 1
8 -x
2
= (8)2 -2 × (8)× x + x
2
[ ]
∵ (a -b)2 = a2 -2ab + b2 = 64 - x + x2

Hence, the correct answer is option iii

.

Question:3
Of which of the binomials given below is m 2n2 + 14mnpq + 49p2q2 the expansion?

i
(m + n) (p + q) ii
(mn- pq) iii
(7mn + pq) iv
(mn + 7pq)
Solution:

Let us check each of the given options.

i
(m + n)(p + q)
= m(p + q) + n(p + q)
= mp + mq + np + nq
So, it is not a correct option.

ii
(mn − pq)2
= (mn)2 − 2 × (mn) × (pq) + (pq)2 [∵ (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2]
= m 2n2 − 2mnpq + p2q2
So, it is not a correct option.

iii
(7mn + pq)2
= (7mn)2 + 2 × (7mn) × (pq) + (pq)2 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
= 49m 2n2 + 14mnpq + p2q2
So, it is not a correct option.
iv
(mn + 7pq)2
= (mn)2 + 2 × (mn) × (7pq) + (7pq)2 [∵ (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2]
= m 2n2 + 14mnpq + 49p2q2
So, it is a correct option.

Hence, the correct answer is option iv

.

Question:4
Use an expansion formula to find the values.
i
997
2 ii
102
2 iii
97
2 iv
1005
2
Solution:
It is known that, (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 and (a − b)2 = a2 − 2ab + b2

i
997
2
= 1000 − 3
2
= 1000
2 − 2 × 1000 × 3 + 3
2

= 1000000 − 6000 + 9
= 994009

ii
102
2
= 100 + 2
2
= 100
2 + 2 × 100 × 2 + 2
2
= 10000 + 400 + 4
= 10404

iii
97
2
= 100 − 3
2
= 100
2 − 2 × 100 × 3 + 3
2
= 10000 − 600 + 9
= 9409

iv
1005
2

= 1000 + 5
2
= 1000
2
+ 2 × 1000 × 5 + 5
2
= 1000000 + 10000 + 25
= 1010025

Question:5
Use the formula to multiply the following.
i
(x + y) (x -
y) ii
(3x -
5) (3x + 5) iii
(a + 6) (a -
6)
iv

( )( )
x x
5 + 6 5 -6

Solution:
It is known that, (a + b) (a − b) = a2 − b2.
(i) (x + y)(x -y) = (x)2 -(y)2 = x 2 -y 2

(ii) (3x -5)(3x + 5) = (3x)2 -(5)2 = 9x 2 -25

(iii) (a + 6)(a -6) = (a)2 -(6)2 = a2 -36

( )( ) ( )
x x x x2
2
(iv) 5 +6 5 -6 = 5 -(6)2 = 25 -36

Question:6
Use the formula to find the values.
i
502 × 498 ii
97 × 103 iii
54 × 46 iv
98 × 102

Solution:
It is known that, (a + b) (a − b) = a2 − b2.

i
502 × 498
= 500 + 2
× 500 − 2

= 500
2− 2
2
= 250000 − 4
= 249996

ii
97 × 103
= 100 − 3
× 100 + 3

= 100
2−3
2
= 10000 − 9
= 9991

iii
54 × 46
= 50 + 4
× 50 − 4

= 50
2−4
2
= 2500 − 16
= 2484

iv
98 × 102
= 100 − 2
× 100 + 2

= 100
2−2
2
= 10000 − 4
= 9996

Question:7
Factorise the following expressions and write them in the product form.

i
201 a3 b2 , ii
91 xyt2 , iii
24 a2 b2 , iv
tr2 s 3
Solution:

i
201a3b2
= 3 × 67 × a × a × a × b × b

ii
91xyt2
= 7 × 13 × x × y × t × t

iii
24a2b2
=2×2×2×3×a×a×b×b

iv
tr2s 3
=t×r×r×s ×s ×s

Question:8
Factorise the following expressions.
i
p 2-
q2 ii
2
4x -
25y 2 iii
y2 -
4 iv
2
p -
1
25

v
1
9x 2 -16 y 2
vi
x2 -
1
x2

vii
a2b -
ab viii
4 x 2y -
6 x2
ix
1
2y 2

- 8z 2
x
2x 2 - 8y 2

Solution:

(i) p2 -q2 = (p)2 -(q)2 = (p + q)(p -q) [ ∵ (a + b)(a -b) = a -b ] 2 2

(ii ) 4x 2 -25y 2 = (2x)2 -(5y)2 = (2x + 5y)(2x -5y) [ ∵ a -b 2 2 = (a + b)(a -b) ]

(iii) y 2 -4 = (y)2 -(2)2 = (y + 2)(y -2) [ ∵ a -b
2 2 = (a + b)(a -b) ]

( ) ( )( )
1 1 1 1
(iv) p2 - 25 = (p)2 - 5
2
= p+5 p -5 [ ∵ a -b 2 2 = (a + b)(a -b) ]

( ) ( )( )
1 1 1 1
(v) 9x 2 - 16 y 2 = (3x)2 - 4y
2
= 3x + 4 y 3x - 4 y [ ∵ a -b
2 2 = (a + b)(a -b) ]
 ( ) ( )( )
1 1 1 1
2
(vi) x 2 - x = (x)2 - x
2
= x +x x -x [ ∵ a -b2 2 = (a + b)(a -b) ]
(vii) a2 b -ab = ab(a -1)

(viii) 4x 2 y -6x 2 = 2x 2 (2y -3)

1 1 1 1
(ix) 2 y 2 -8z 2 = 2
( y 2 -16z 2 )= [
2 (y)2 -(4z)2 ]= 2 (y + 4z)(y -4z) [ ∵ a -b 2 2 = (a + b)(a -b) ]
( ) [
(x) 2x 2 -8y 2 = 2 x 2 -4y 2 = 2 (x)2 -(2y)2 = 2(x + 2y)(x -2y)]
 15. Statistics

Question:1
The daily rainfall for each day of a week in a certain city is given in millimetres. Find the average rainfall during the
week.
9, 11, 8, 20, 10, 16, 12
Solution:
Sum of the total rainfall
Average rainfall = Number of day s

9+11+8+20+10+16+12 86
= 7 = 7 = 12. 29 mm

Question:2
During the annual function of a school, a Women’s Self-helf Group had set up a snacks stall. Their sales every
hour were worth Rs 960, Rs 830, Rs 945, Rs 800, Rs 847, Rs 970 respectively. What was the average of the hourly
sales?
Solution:
Total s ale
Average hourly sale = Total number of hours

960+830+945+800+847+970 5352
= 6 = 6 = 892

Thus, the average of the hourly sale is Rs 892.

Question:3
The annual rainfall in Vidarbha in five years is given below. What is the average rainfall for those 5 years ? 900
mm, 650 mm, 450 mm, 733 mm, 400 mm
Solution:
Total rainfall in 5 y ears
Average rainfall for 5 years = 5 y ears

900+650+450+733+400 3133
= 5 = 5 = 626. 6

Thus, average rainfall for 5 years is 626.6 mm.

Question:4
A farmer bought some sacks of animal feed. The weights of the sacks are given below in kilograms. What is the
average weight of the sacks ?
49.8, 49.7, 49.5, 49.3, 50, 48.9, 49.2, 48.8
Solution:
Total weight of all the s ac k s
Average weight = Total number of s ac k s

49.8+49.7+49.5+49.3+50+48.9+49.2+48.8 395.5
= 8 = 8 = 49. 4

Thus, the average weight of the sacks is 49.4 kg.

Question:5
The height of 30 children in a class is given in centimetres. Draw up a freqency table of this data.
131, 135, 140, 138, 132, 133, 135, 133, 134, 135, 132, 133, 140, 139, 132, 131, 134, 133, 140, 140, 139, 136, 137,
136, 139, 137, 133, 134, 131, 140
Solution:
Height Tally Marks Children

131 3

132 3

133 5
134 3

135 3

136 2

137 2

138 1
139 3

140 5

Total 30

Question:6
In a certain colony, there are 50 families. The number of people in every family is given below. Draw up the
frequency table.
5, 4, 5, 4, 5, 3, 3, 3, 4, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4, 2, 2, 2, 2, 4, 5, 1, 3, 2, 4, 5, 3, 3, 2, 4, 4, 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 2, 3, 4, 5, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 5,
3, 2, 3, 2
Solution:
People Tally Marks Families

1 1

2 13

3 16
4 13

5 7

Total 50

Question:7
A dice was cast 40 times and each score noted is given below. Draw up a frequency table for this data.
3, 2, 5, 6, 4, 2, 3, 1, 6, 6, 2, 3, 5, 3, 5, 3, 4, 2, 4, 5, 4, 2, 6, 3, 3, 2 4, 3, 3, 4, 1, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 5, 3, 3, 4
Solution:

Surface Tally marks Frequency

1 2

2 8
3 13

4 8

5 5
 6 4

Total 40

Question:8
The number of chapatis that 30 children in a hostel need at every meal is given below. Make a frequency table for
these scores.
3, 2, 2, 3, 4, 5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 5, 4, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2, 3, 4, 3, 2, 3, 2
Solution:

Chapatis Tally Marks Children

2 9

3 10

4 8

5 3

Total 30
 Miscellaneous Problems- Set-2

Question:1
Angela deposited 15000 rupees in a bank at a rate of 9 p.c.p.a. She got simple interest amounting to 5400 rupees.
For how many years had she deposited the amount?
Solution:
Amount deposited = Rs 15000
Rate of interest = 9%
Simple interest = Rs 5400
Let the number of years be n.
PRT
SI = 100

15000×9×n 5400×100
⇒ 5400 = 100 ⇒ 15000×9 =n⇒n=4

Thus, the number of years for which she had deposited the money is 4 years.

Question:2
Ten men take 4 days to complete the task of tarring a road. How many days would 8 men take?
Solution:
Number of men Number of days

10 4

8 x

More the men lesser the number of days required to finish the work.
So, the Number of men and the number of days required to complete the work are inversely proportional to each
other.
10 x 10×4
8 =4⇒x= 8 ⇒x=5

Thus, when 8 men are involved so, 5 days will be required.

Question:3
Nasruddin and Mahesh invested Rs 40,000 and Rs 60,000 respectively to start a business. They made a profit of
30%. How much profit did each of them make?
Solution:
Nasruddin invested Rs 40,000
Mahesh invested Rs 60,000
Profit = 30%
30
Profit earned by Nasruddin = 30 % of Rs 40, 000 = 100 × 40, 000 = 12, 000

30
Profit earned by Mahesh = 30 % of Rs 60, 000 = 100 × 60, 000 = 18, 000

Thus, Nasruddin got Rs 12,000 profit and Mahesh earned Rs 18,000 as profit.

Question:4
The diameter of a circle is 5.6 cm. Find its circumference.
Solution:
Diameter = 5.6 cm
 diameter 5.6
Radius = 2 = 2 = 2. 8 cm

22
Circumference = 2π r = 2 × 7 × 2. 8 = 17. 6 cm

Thus, the circumference of the circle is 17.6 cm.

Question:5
Expand.
i
(2a – 3b)2

ii
10 + y
2

iii

( )
p q
2
3 +4

iv

( )
3
2
y -y

Solution:
i
(2a – 3b)2
Using the identity (x -y)2 = x 2 -2xy + y 2

(2a -3b)2 = (2a)2 -2 × 2a × 3b + (3b)2 = 4a2 -12ab + 9b2

ii
(10 + y)2
Using the identity: (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

= (10)2 + 2 × 10 × y + y 2 = 100 + 20y + y 2

iii

( )
p q
2
3 +4

Using the identity: (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2

() ()
p p q q p 2 pq q 2
2 2
= 3 +2×3 ×4 + 4 = 9 + 6 + 16

iv

( )
3
2
y -y

Using the identity (a -b)2 = a2 -2ab + b2

 ()
3 3 9
2 2
= y 2 -2 × y ×y + y = y -6 +
2 y

Question:6
Use a formula to multiply.
i
(x – 5)(x + 5)
ii
(2a – 13)(2a + 13)
iii
(4z – 5y)(4z + 5y)
iv
(2t – 5)(2t + 5)
Solution:
We use the formula: (x -a)(x + a) = x 2 -a2

i
(x – 5)(x + 5)

(x 2 -52
)=x 2 -25

ii
(2a – 13)(2a + 13)
= (2a)2 -132 = 4a2 -169

iii
(4z – 5y)(4z + 5y)
= (4z)2 -(5y)2 = 16z 2 -25y 2

iv
(2t – 5)(2t + 5)
= (2t)2 -52 = 4t2 -25

Question:7
The diameter of the wheel of a cart is 1.05 m. How much distance will the cart cover in 1000 rotations of the wheel?
Solution:
Diameter = 1.05 m
Circumference of the wheel = 2π r

( )
22 1.05
= 2× 7 × 2 = 3. 3

m
In 1000 rotations, the distance covered = 3.3 m × 1000 = 3300 m = 3.3 km

Question:8
The area of a rectangular garden of length 40 m, is 1000 sqm. Find the breadth of the garden and its perimeter. The
garden is to be enclosed by 3 rounds of fencing, leaving an entrance of 4 m. Find the cost of fencing the garden at
a rate of 250 rupees per metre.
Solution:
Length of the garden = 40 m
Area = 1000 sq m
⇒ lb = 1000 ⇒ 40b = 1000 ⇒ ⇒ b = 25 m

Perimeter = 2(l + b) = 2(40 + 25) = 130 m

For 1 round of fencing leaving the entrance of 4 m, the length of wire required = 130 m -
4 m = 126 m
For 3 such rounds of fencing, 3 × 126 m = 378 m
of wire required.
Rate of fencing 1 m = Rs 250
Rate of fencing 378 m = 378 × 250 = Rs 94500

Thus, Rs 94500 is required for fencing the garden.

Question:9
From the given figure, find the length of hypotenuse AC and the perimeter of ΔABC.

Solution:
Given here is a right angled triangle. So, we can apply the Pythagoras theorem.
AB 2 + BC2 = AC2 ⇒ 202 + 212 = AC2 ⇒ AC2 = 400 + 441 = 841 ⇒ AC = 29

Thus, the length of hypotenuse is 29 units.

Perimeter of ΔABC = AB + BC + CA = 20 + 21 + 29 = 70 units.

Question:10
If the edge of a cube is 8 cm long, find its total surface area.
Solution:
Edge of the cube = 8 cm
Total surface area = 6a2 = 6 × (8)2 = 384 cm 2

Thus, the total surface area of the cube is 384 cm 2

Question:11
Factorise. 365y 4z 3 – 146y 2z 4
Solution:
365y 4z 3 – 146y 2z 4
Taking 73y2z3 common,

(
= 73y2z3 5y2 - 2z )

Question:12
Choose the right answers from the options given for each of the following questions.
If the average of the numbers 33, 34, 35, x , 37, 38, 39 is 36, what is the value of x ?
i
40
ii
32
iii
42
iv
36
Solution:
Average = 36
33+34+35+x +37+38+39 216+x
⇒ 7 = 36 ⇒ 7 = 36 ⇒ 216 + x = 252 ⇒ x = 36

Hence, the correct answer is option iv

.

Question:13
Choose the right answers from the options given for each of the following questions.
The difference of the squares, (612 – 512 ) is equal to .................. .
i
1120
ii
1230
iii
1240
iv
1250
Solution:
(612 – 512 )

= (61 -51)(61 + 51) ( ∵ (a -b ) = (a + b)(a + b) ) = 10 × 112 = 1120

2 2

Hence, the correct answer is option i

.

Question:14
Choose the right answers from the options given for each of the following questions.
If 2600 rupees are divided between Sameer and Smita in the proportion 8 : 5, the share of each is ............... and
............... respectively .
i
Rs 1500, Rs 1100
ii
Rs 1300, Rs 900
iii
Rs 800, Rs 500
iv
Rs 1600, Rs 1000
Solution:
Rs 2600 are divided among Sameer and Smita.
Ratio = 8 : 5
Total = 8 + 5 = 13
8
Sameer's share = 13 × 2600 = 1600

5
Smita's share = 13 × 2600 = 1000

Thus, Sameer's share is Rs 1600 and Smita's share is Rs 1000.

Hence, the correct answer is option iv
.