Scribd
Upload
119 views5 pages

Basic Marine Engineering

This document contains 9 questions and answers about marine diesel engines. It discusses topics like: 1. The processes that occur in a 2-stroke and 4-stroke diesel cycle. 2. Operating principles of marine diesel propulsion plants and the types of engines used. 3. Advantages and disadvantages of slow-speed diesel engines. 4. Causes of scavenge fires and how to deal with them.

Uploaded by

Caryle Gamboa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
119 views5 pages

Basic Marine Engineering

This document contains 9 questions and answers about marine diesel engines. It discusses topics like: 1. The processes that occur in a 2-stroke and 4-stroke diesel cycle. 2. Operating principles of marine diesel propulsion plants and the types of engines used. 3. Advantages and disadvantages of slow-speed diesel engines. 4. Causes of scavenge fires and how to deal with them.

Uploaded by

Caryle Gamboa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 5

Renee Caryle C.

Gamboa

MARPOWER

Assignment no. 1

1.) What is 2 stroke diesel cycle?

A two-stroke diesel engine is a Diesel engine that works by combining what is


normally four cycles – intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust into only two
strokes (one revolution) of the engine. It was invented by Hugo Güldner in 1899.

A two-stroke engine cycle undergoes different processes in order to served its


functions, these processes are:

1. Intake 2. Crankcase compression 3. Transfer exhaust 4. Compression 5. Power

1. INTAKE The fuel/air mixture is first drawn into the crankcase by the vacuum
that is created during the upward stroke of the piston. The illustrated engine
features a poppet intake valve; however, many engines use a rotary value
incorporated into the crankshaft.
2. CRANKCASE COMPRESSION During the downward stroke, the poppet
valve is forced closed by the increased crankcase pressure. The fuel mixture is
then compressed in the crankcase during the remainder of the stroke.
3. . TRANSFER EXHAUST Toward the end of the stroke, the piston exposes
the intake port, allowing the compressed fuel/air mixture in the crankcase to
escape around the piston into the main cylinder. This expels the exhaust
gasses out the exhaust port, usually located on the opposite side of the
cylinder. Unfortunately, some of the fresh fuel mixture is usually expelled as
well.
4. . COMPRESSION The piston then rises, driven by flywheel momentum, and
compresses the fuel mixture. (At the same time, another intake stroke is
happening beneath the piston).
5. POWER At the top of the stroke, the spark plug ignites the fuel mixture. The
burning fuel expands, driving the piston downward, to complete the cycle. (At
the same time, another crankcase compression stroke is happening beneath the
piston

2.) What is 4 stroke diesel cycle?

Four Stroke Cycle Engines. A four-stroke cycle engine is an internal


combustion engine that utilizes four distinct piston strokes (intake, compression,
power, and exhaust) to complete one operating cycle. The piston make two
complete passes in the cylinder to complete one operating cycle.

THE 4-STROKE DIESEL CYCLE • A four-stroke engine cycle undergoes


different processes in order to served its functions, these processes are:
1. Intake 2. Compression 3. Power 4. Exhaust

1. INTAKE During the intake stroke, the piston moves downward, drawing a
fresh charge of vaporized fuel/air mixture. The illustrated engine features a
poppet intake valve which is drawn open by the vacuum produced by the
intake stroke. Some early engines worked this way; however, most modern
engines incorporate an extra cam/lifter arrangement as seen on the exhaust
valve. The exhaust valve is held shut by a spring (not illustrated here).
2. COMPRESSION As the piston rises, the poppet valve is forced shut by the
increased cylinder pressure. Flywheel momentum drives the piston upward,
compressing the fuel/air mixture.
3. POWER At the top of the compression stroke, the spark plug fires, igniting
the compressed fuel. As the fuel burns it expands, driving the piston
downward.
4. EXHAUST At the bottom of the power stroke, the exhaust valve is opened by
the cam/lifter mechanism. The upward stroke of the piston drives the
exhausted fuel out of the cylinder.

3.) What is Operating principles of marine diesel engine propulsion plant?

1. OPERATING PRINCIPLES OF MARINE DIESEL PROPULSION The


Diesel Engine • One of the places where diesel engines play an important role
is the shipping industry. Diesel engines are known by the name of
compression ignition engines due to technical reasons. Rudolf Diesel (German
Engineer), the brain behind the invention of the diesel engine.

2. Diesel Marine Engines • Marine engines are those which are used in marine
vehicles namely boats, ships, submarines and so forth. Both 2-stroke as well
as 4-stroke engines are used in the marine industry. The engines used for the
main propulsion or turning the propeller/s of the normal ships are usually slow
speed 2-stroke engines while those used for providing auxiliary power are
usually 4- stroke high speed diesel engines.

4.) What is the advantages and disadvantages of slow speed diesel engine?

THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF SLOW-SPEED DIESEL


ENGINE Advantages •

Inexpensive fuel cost Disadvantages • Viscos fuel consumption

5.) What is the cause of scavenge fires and how they are dealt with?
THE CAUSE OF SCAVENGE FIRES AND HOW TO DEAL WITH IT The
Purpose of Scavenging Scavenging is the removal of exhaust gases by blowing in
fresh air; thus, efficient scavenging is essential to ensure a sufficient supply of fresh
air for combustion.

6.) What is the methods of super-charging?

1. THE CAUSE OF SCAVENGE FIRES AND HOW TO DEAL WITH IT The


Purpose of Scavenging Scavenging is the removal of exhaust gases by
blowing in fresh air; thus, efficient scavenging is essential to ensure a
sufficient supply of fresh air for combustion.
2. THE CAUSE OF SCAVENGE FIRE • Cylinder oil can collect in the
scavenge space of an engine. Unburned fuel and carbon may also be blown
into the scavenge space as a result of defective piston rings, faulty timing, a
defective injector, etc. A build-up of this flammable mixture presents a danger
as a blow past of hot gases from the cylinder may ignite the mixture, and
cause a scavenge fire. A loss of engine power will result, with high exhaust
temperatures at the affected cylinders. The affected turbo-chargers may surge
and sparks will be seen at the scavenge drains.
3. HOW TO DEAL WITH IT? • Once a fire is detected the engine should be
slowed down, fuel shut off from the affected cylinders and cylinder
lubrication increased. All the scavenge drains should be closed. A small fire
will quickly burn out, but where the fire persists the engine must be stopped.
A fire extinguishing medium should then be injected through the fittings
provided in the scavenge trunking. On no account should the trunking be
opened up.
4. STEPS IN DEALING SCAVENGE FIRES Scavenge fires are extremely
dangerous and it is important that quick and effective action is taken to rectify
the situation. 1. Engine revolutions must immediately be reduced to a
minimum. 2. If possible the fuel is to be cut off from the cylinder unit
concerned. 3. If more than one cylinder is involved then it will be more
effective if the engine is stopped and the turning gear engaged and continuous
turning commenced.
5. 1. The cylinder lubricators are then to be advanced to the maximum setting on
the effected cylinders. 2. Turbocharger air intakes are to be blanked off. 3.
Scavenge space relief valves where possible can be secured, and isolating
flaps shut. 4. All external scavenge space surfaces must be carefully
scrutinised for outbreaks of fire and strategic cooling applied as necessary. 5.
There are various types of scavenge space fire extinguishing systems in use
i.e. steam, dry powder, and CO2.

7.) What is fuel oil system from bunker tank to injection?

Low-pressure pipes are used to move fuel from a storage tank to a service tank to
an injection pump; high-pressure pipes are used to deliver fuel from
an injection pump to an engine combustion chamber. Ships' fuel is usually stored in
double-bottom tanks, deep tanks, side bunker tanks, settling tanks or service tanks.

8.) What is lubrication system?

1. THE LUBRICATION SYSTEM “Lubricating oil for a marine diesel engine


achieves two objectives; it must cool and lubricate.”
2. FUNCTION OF LUBRICATION The lubrication system of an engine
provides a supply of lubricating oil to the various moving parts in the engine.
Its main function is to enable the formation of a film of oil between the
moving parts, which reduces friction and wear. The lubricating oil is also used
as a cleaner and in some engines as a coolant
3. LUBRICATING OIL SYSTEM Lubricating oil for an engine is stored in the
bottom of the crankcase, known as the sump, or in a drain tank located
beneath the engine . The oil is drawn from this tank through a strainer, one of
a pair of pumps, into one of a pair of fine filters. It is then passed through a
cooler before entering the engine and being distributed to the various branch
pipes. The branch pipe for a particular cylinder may feed the main bearing, for
instance. Some of this oil will pass along a drilled passage in the crankshaft to
the bottom end bearing and then up a drilled passage in the connecting rod to
the gudgeon pin or crosshead bearing.
4. Large slow-speed diesel engines are provided with a separate lubrication
system for the cylinder liners. Oil is injected between the liner and the piston
by mechanical lubricators which supply their individual cylinder, A special
type of oil is used which is not recovered. As well as lubricating, it assists in
forming a gas seal and contains additives which clean the cylinder liner.
CYLINDER LUBRICATION
5. On a two stroke crosshead engine lubricating oil is supplied to the main
bearings and camshaft and camshaft drive. A separate supply is led via a
swinging arm or a telescopic pipe to the crosshead where some of it is
diverted to cool the piston (travelling up and back through the piston rod),
whilst some is used to lubricate the crosshead and guides, and the rest led
down a drilling in the connecting rod to the bottom end or crankpin bearing.
Oil is also used to operate the hydraulic exhaust valves.

9.) What is engine cooling water system?

A water-cooled engine block and cylinder head have interconnected coolant


channels running through them. At the top of the cylinder head all the channels
converge to a single outlet.

A pump , driven by a pulley and belt from the crankshaft , drives hot coolant out of
the engine to the radiator , which is a form of heat exchanger .
Unwanted heat is passed from the radiator into the air stream, and the cooled liquid
then returns to an inlet at the bottom of the block and flows back into the channels
again.

Usually the pump sends coolant up through the engine and down through the
radiator, taking advantage of the fact that hot water expands, becomes lighter and
rises above cool water when heated. Its natural tendency is to flow upwards, and the
pump assists circulation.

10.) What is the advantages of a medium-speed diesel?

Advantages of medium speed engines: (a) Low weight of engine and reduced
space requirement - In the present state of technology, with turbo - supercharging
there is about 30%, saving in space of engine room and 300% saving in weight
compared with slow, speed diesel engine plant with comparable output.

You might also like