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Race

This document discusses the history of laws regarding interracial relationships and marriage in different parts of the world. In the United States, anti-miscegenation laws banning interracial marriage existed in many states until 1967 when the Supreme Court ruled them unconstitutional. Nazi Germany and apartheid-era South Africa also had laws against interracial marriage and relationships. Currently, most countries do not have laws restricting marriage based on race.

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Darry Blancia
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59 views2 pages

Race

This document discusses the history of laws regarding interracial relationships and marriage in different parts of the world. In the United States, anti-miscegenation laws banning interracial marriage existed in many states until 1967 when the Supreme Court ruled them unconstitutional. Nazi Germany and apartheid-era South Africa also had laws against interracial marriage and relationships. Currently, most countries do not have laws restricting marriage based on race.

Uploaded by

Darry Blancia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Race

U.S States, by the date of repeal of anti-miscegenation laws:


  No laws passed
  Repealed before 1887
  Repealed between 1948 and 1967
  Overturned on 12 June 1967

Main article: Interracial marriage


Laws banning "race-mixing" were enforced in certain North American jurisdictions from 1691 [108] until
1967, in Nazi Germany (The Nuremberg Laws) from 1935 until 1945, and in South Africa during
most part of the Apartheid era (1949–1985). All these laws primarily banned marriage between
persons of different racially or ethnically defined groups, which was termed "amalgamation" or
"miscegenation" in the U.S. The laws in Nazi Germany and many of the U.S. states, as well as South
Africa, also banned sexual relations between such individuals.
In the United States, laws in some but not all of the states prohibited the marriage of whites and
blacks, and in many states also the intermarriage of whites with Native Americans or Asians.[109] In
the U.S., such laws were known as anti-miscegenation laws. From 1913 until 1948, 30 out of the
then 48 states enforced such laws.[110] Although an "Anti-Miscegenation Amendment" to the United
States Constitution was proposed in 1871, in 1912–1913, and in 1928, [111][112] no nationwide law
against racially mixed marriages was ever enacted. In 1967, the Supreme Court of the United
States unanimously ruled in Loving v. Virginia that anti-miscegenation laws are unconstitutional.
With this ruling, these laws were no longer in effect in the remaining 16 states that still had them.
The Nazi ban on interracial marriage and interracial sex was enacted in September 1935 as part of
the Nuremberg Laws, the Gesetz zum Schutze des deutschen Blutes und der deutschen Ehre (The
Law for the Protection of German Blood and German Honour). The Nuremberg Laws
classified Jews as a race and forbade marriage and extramarital sexual relations at first with people
of Jewish descent, but was later ended to the "Gypsies, Negroes or their bastard offspring" and
people of "German or related blood". [113] Such relations were marked as Rassenschande (lit. "race-
disgrace") and could be punished by imprisonment (usually followed by deportation to a
concentration camp) and even by death.
South Africa under apartheid also banned interracial marriage. The Prohibition of Mixed Marriages
Act, 1949 prohibited marriage between persons of different races, and the Immorality Act of 1950
made sexual relations with a person of a different race a crime.
Sex/gender

  Marriage open to same-sex couples (rings: individual cases)


  Legislation or binding domestic court ruling establishing same-sex marriage, but marriage is not yet provided
for
  Same-sex marriage recognized when performed in certain other jurisdictions, and accorded greater rights
than local same-sex unions (if any)
  Civil unions or domestic partnerships
  Limited legal recognition (registered cohabitation)
  Local certification without legal force
  Limited recognition of marriage performed in certain other jurisdictions (residency rights for spouses)
  Country subject to an international court ruling to recognize same-sex marriage
  Same-sex unions not legally recognized

Main article: Same-sex marriage


Same-sex marriage is legally performed and recognized (nationwide or in some jurisdictions)
in Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Costa
Rica, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, France, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico,[a] 
the Netherlands,[b] New Zealand,[c] Norway, Portugal, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Taiwan,
the United Kingdom,[d] the United States,[e] and Uruguay. Israel recognizes same-sex marriages
entered into abroad as full marriages. Furthermore, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights has
issued a ruling that is expected to facilitate recognition in several countries in the Americas.[f][114]
The introduction of same-sex marriage has varied by jurisdiction, being variously accomplished
through legislative change to marriage law, a court ruling based on constitutional guarantees of
equality, or by direct popular vote (via ballot initiative or referendum). The recognition of same-sex
marriage is considered to be a human right and a civil right as well as a political, social, and religious
issue.[115] The most prominent supporters of same-sex marriage are human rights and civil rights
organizations as well as the medical and scientific communities, while the most prominent
opponents are religious groups. Various faith communities around the world support same-sex
marriage, while many religious groups oppose it. Polls consistently show continually rising support
for the recognition of same-sex marriage in all developed democracies and in some developing
democracies.[116]
The establishment of recognition in law for the marriages of same-sex couples is one of the most
prominent objectives of the LGBT rights movement.

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