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Chapter 11: Refrigeration Cycles 11.1 Refrigeration and Heat Pump Coefficient of Performance

The document discusses refrigeration cycles. It describes an ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle consisting of four processes: 1) isentropic compression, 2) constant pressure heat rejection, 3) throttling, and 4) constant pressure heat absorption. It then discusses an actual vapor-compression cycle, noting differences from the ideal cycle such as heat transfer and pressure drops. Formulas are provided for the coefficient of performance (COP) of refrigerators and heat pumps. The document concludes with an example problem calculating the compressor efficiency and COP for an actual vapor-compression cycle.

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44 views5 pages

Chapter 11: Refrigeration Cycles 11.1 Refrigeration and Heat Pump Coefficient of Performance

The document discusses refrigeration cycles. It describes an ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle consisting of four processes: 1) isentropic compression, 2) constant pressure heat rejection, 3) throttling, and 4) constant pressure heat absorption. It then discusses an actual vapor-compression cycle, noting differences from the ideal cycle such as heat transfer and pressure drops. Formulas are provided for the coefficient of performance (COP) of refrigerators and heat pumps. The document concludes with an example problem calculating the compressor efficiency and COP for an actual vapor-compression cycle.

Uploaded by

Hussam
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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College of Engineering

Spring Session- 2016 THERMODYNAMICS II - ME 272


Dr. Saeed J. Almalowi, [email protected]
Chapter 11: Refrigeration Cycles
11.1 Refrigeration and Heat Pump Coefficient of Performance
Refrigerator is an advice that is utilized to transfer heat from a low temperature region to a high
temperature region. The working fluid in the refrigeration cycles is called refrigerants.

Fig.11.1 Refrigeration and Heat Pump Cycles


Desired output QL
COPRef = =
Required input Wnet
Desired output QH
COPHP = =
Required input Wnet
COPHP = COPRef + 1
11.2 Reversed Carnot Cycle
Reversed Carnot cycle is the most efficient refrigeration cycle.

1
College of Engineering
Spring Session- 2016 THERMODYNAMICS II - ME 272
Dr. Saeed J. Almalowi, [email protected]

Fig.11.1 Refrigeration Carnot Cycle or Reversed Carnot

1-2 Heat absorbed (Isothermal process)


2-3 Compression process (Isentropic process)
4-3 Heat Rejection process (Isothermal process)
4-1 Work “out”-Expansion Process (Isentropic Process)
Desired output 1
COPRef,Carnot = =
Required input TL − 1
TH
Desired output 1
COPHP,Carnot = =
Required input 1 − TL
TH
11.3 The Ideal Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle
1-2 isentropic compression process in a compressor
2-3 Constant pressure heat-Rejection in a condenser
3-4 Throttling in an expansion device
4-1 Constant pressure heat absorption in an evaporator

2
College of Engineering
Spring Session- 2016 THERMODYNAMICS II - ME 272
Dr. Saeed J. Almalowi, [email protected]

a) b)
Fig.11.2 Ideal Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle Fig.11.2b Freezer/Refrigeration Cycle
Energy Balance at the Condenser:

𝑄̇𝐻 = 𝑚̇(ℎ2 − ℎ3 )
Energy Balance at the Evaporator:

Q̇L = ṁ(h1 − h4 )
Mass Balance:
ṁ1 = ṁ2 = ṁ 3 = ṁ4 = ṁ
Energy Balance at the Compressor:

Ẇin = ṁ(h2 − h1 )
Energy Balance at the Throttle V/V
h3 = h4
For the ideal cycle:
h1 = hg and h3 = hf @P3 .
@P1

11.4 The actual Vapor-Compression Refrigeration Cycle


The actual differs from the ideal as follow:

3
College of Engineering
Spring Session- 2016 THERMODYNAMICS II - ME 272
Dr. Saeed J. Almalowi, [email protected]
Ideal Refrigeration Cycle Actual Refrigeration Cycle
No heat loss to the surrounding or gain from Heat transfer to or from the surrounding.
the surrounding.
No pressure drops. Fluid friction causes pressure drop.
Refrigerant enters the compressor as saturated Refrigerant could enter the compressor as a
vapor. superheated (slightly superheated)

Fig.11.3. Actual Vapor-Compression Cycle


Energy Balance at the Condenser:

𝑄̇𝐻 = 𝑚̇(ℎ2𝑎 − ℎ5 )
Energy Balance at the Evaporator:

Q̇L = ṁ(h8 − h7 )
Mass Balance:
ṁ1 = ṁ2 = ṁ 3 = ṁ4 = ṁ
Energy Balance at the Compressor:

Ẇin = ṁ(h2a − h1 )
Energy Balance at the Throttle V/V
h3 = h4
4
College of Engineering
Spring Session- 2016 THERMODYNAMICS II - ME 272
Dr. Saeed J. Almalowi, [email protected]
The isentropic efficiency of the compressor is:
h2s − h1
ηC =
h2a − h1
EXAMPLE 11.1 ACTUAL VAPOR COMPRESSION CYCLE

Fig.11.4 T-s diagram of the actual vapor-compression cycle


kg
From Fig.11.4, the refrigerant is R-134a and ṁ = 0.05 s , Find ηc and COPRef ?

[Ans. ηc = 93.9 % and COPref = 3.93]

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