University of Saint Anthony

(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)

City of Iriga

College of Criminal Justice Education

*FINGERPRINT LABORATORY EQUIPMENT *

1. *INK ROLLER*
-Refers to an instrument used for spreading the ink into slab or
inking plate.
2. *INK SLAB / INKING PLATE*

-Refers to a piece of metal or a plane glass with as much as ¼ thick

as 6 more inches long where the fingerprint ink is distributed for
fingerprint.

3. *CARD HOLDER*

-Refer to gadget used for clipping the fingerprint card to avoid

movement of the card during printing.

4. *FINGERPRINT INK*

-Refer to a especially manufactured ink for purpose of taking

fingerprint.

5. *MAGNIFYING GLASS*

-Refers to any instrument used for examination of developed

prints.

6. *FINGERPRINT POWDER*

-Refer to powder used in developing latent prints found the science

of crime. They are normally found into two ; the black and white or gray
which is applied depending upon the contracting background.

7. *FINGERPRINT BRUSHES*
-Refers to an instrument use for powdering latent prints. There
violation of brushes used the fibber glass, magnetic and feather type.

8. *FINGERPRINT LIFTING TAPE*

 University of Saint Anthony
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
City of Iriga

College of Criminal Justice Education

-Refers to a tape for lifting developed latent print which is quite

harder than a ordinary tapes.
9. * LATENT PRINTS TRANSFER CARD*
-Refers to a card use in preserving lifted latent print which is either
while or black in background.
10. * FINGERPRINT CARD*
-Refer to a piece of card used for recording the Len fingerprint for
comparison the usual size is 8x8.
11. *SCISSORS*
-Refer to a simple instrument for cutting latent print tapes and other
purpose.
12.*RUBBER GLOVES*
-To protect the technician’s finger from leaving his own print on
the object or on the scene.
13.*POST MORTEN FINGERPRINT EQUIPMENT*
-Refer to a set of equipment consisting of hypodermis syringe
spoon, tissue builder solvent tissue cleaner, etc used for taking prints of
dead person.
14.*Fingerprints Table*
-A table intended for taking fingerprint.
15.*FINGERPRINT POINTER*
-Use for pointing the ridges in the conduct of ridge counting.
16.*FINGERPRINT CAMERAS*
-Used in photographing the develop latent prints.
17.*FORENSIC OPTICAL COMPARATORS*

-Use to compare two fingerprints at the same time

18.*FINGER TABLE*
-Table intended for fingerprint.

*FINGERPRINTS AND THE FRICTION SKIN*

*FINGERPRINT*
 University of Saint Anthony
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
City of Iriga

College of Criminal Justice Education

-The distinctive ridges outline which appear on the lamb of finger.

-Is an impression design by the ridges on the inside of the last joint of
the finger or thumb or any smooth surface through the media of an ink
sweat, or any regent cable of producing visibility.

*FRICTION SKIN*

-Epidermal hairless skin found on the central/lower surfaces of the

hand and feet covered with minute ridges and furrows and without
pigment and coloring matter.

-The skin covering of the palms of the hand and soles of feet.

-Are strips of skin on the inside of the end joints of our finger and
thumbs by which finger prints are made.

*4 COMPONENT OF FRICTION SKIN*

1. *RIDGES SURFACE*
-Is the component of a friction skin that actually form of
finger print impression.
a) *RIDGES*
-Are the tiny elevation on hill like structures found on the
epidermis layer of the skin containing sweat pores.
b) *FURROWS*
-Are the canal like impression on a depression found
between the ridges which maybe compare with the low are in tire
thead.
2. *SWEAT PORES*
-Is a small opening found anywhere across the ridges surface but is
usually found near the center sometimes called as island which when
colors while in plain impression is considered as individual as the finger
print.
3. *SWEAT DUCT*
 University of Saint Anthony
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
City of Iriga

College of Criminal Justice Education

-Is a long host like structure that serve as the passage way for the sweat
that exist at its mouth the pore.

4. *SWEAT GLANDS*
-That glands found in the dermis layer of the skin which is responsible
for the production of the sweat.

*FUNDAMENTAL LAYER OF THE SKIN*

1. *EPIDERMIS *
-The outer layer covering of the skin

*2 MAIN LAYER OF THE EPIDERMIS*

1. *STRATUM CORNEUM* -Outer layer
2. *STRATUM MUCOSUM* –Immediately beneath the converging layers.

*TERMINAL PHALANGE*

-The particular bone that is covered with the friction skin hanging all
the different types of pattern and located near the tip of the finger.

*5 SUBDIVISION OF THE STRATUM CORNEUM*

1. Corneous layer
2. Transparent layer
3. Granular layer
4. Malphigian layer
5. Generating layer
2. *DERMIS*
-The inner layer of the skin containing blood vessels various glands
and nerves. It where the dermal papillae are founds.

*RIDGE FORMATION*

-Ridge begin to form on the human fact during the 3rd to 4th months of
the fetus.(5 to 6 month before birth).

*DERMAL PAPILLAE*
 University of Saint Anthony
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
City of Iriga

College of Criminal Justice Education

-Irregular blunt pegs composed of delicate connetue tissue protruding

and forming the ridges of the skin each containing a small opening or
pores.

*RIDGES CHARACTERISTIC*

1. *BIFURCATION*
-A single ridges that divides itself in two or more branches it
sometimes called as fork.
2. *Converging Ridges*
-A ridge formation characterized by a closed angular end and serves as
a point of converging. meeting of two ridges that were previously side by
side)
3. *DIVERGING RIDGES*
-Two ridges that are flowing side by side and suddenly separating or
spreading apart.
4. *ENDING RIDGES*
-An end point of a ridge with abrupt ending.
5. *ENCLOSURE LAKE OR EYELET)*
-A ridges that divides in two branches and meet to form which is
started.
6. *RECURVING OR LOOPING RIDGES*
-A kind of ridges formation that curves back in the direction from
which it started.
7. *SUFFICIENT RECURVE*
-A recurving ridge complete it shoulder and is free from any
appendage.
8. *APPENDAGE*
-A short found at the top or summit of a recurving ridge.
9. *ROD OR BAR*
-A short or long ridge found inside the innermost recurving ridge of a
loop pattern.
10.*OBSTRUCTION RIDGE*
 University of Saint Anthony
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
City of Iriga

College of Criminal Justice Education

-Short ridge found inside the innermost recurving ridge that spoiled the
inner flow toward the center to the pattern.
11.*FRAGMENTARY RIDGE*
-A ridge of extremely short length.
12.*DOT RIDGE*
-Ridge formed like a dot.

*FOCAL POINT*

-Are enclosed within the pattern area.

*PATTERN AREA*

-Is that part of a loop or a whorl in which appear the core

*CORE*

-The inner terminus or the approximate center of a fingerprint pattern.

*DELTA*

-The outer terminus or that point in a ridge at front of a nearest the

center of the divergence of the typelines.

*6 DELTA FORMATION

1. A bifurcation ridge
2. A dot
3. An ending ridge
4. A short ridge
5. A converging ridge
6. A point and long ridge

*ADDITIONAL COMPARISON POINTS*

 University of Saint Anthony
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
City of Iriga

College of Criminal Justice Education

*CREASE*

-Usually run longitudinally along the length of the finger.

*FLEXURE LINE*

-A permanent crease in the skin at the knuckles which dermis the skin
to flex when finger is extended.

*CAUSE OF RIDGE DESTRUCTION*

 Personal doing manual work- finger print of the person who handle line.
 Diseased person
 Warts
 Crease- caused by a folding of the skin
 Impression appear as while line crossing the ridge
 Burn

*TWO TYPES OF PRINT FOUND IN A FINGER PRINT CARD*

1. *ROLLED IMPRESSION*
-An impression made or place in the fingerprint card which is taken
individually by rolling the ten fingers of the subject 180 degree from tip
to second joints.
2. *PLAIN IMPRESSION*
-An impression made simultaneously that serve as a reference
impression.

*PURPOSE OF THE PLAIN IMPRESSION*

 To serve as a guide in checking the rolled impression whether or not the
rolled impression were place on their respective boxes.
 To check on the ridge characteristic of the plain impression if the rolled
impression is somewhat faint or indistinct due to bad condition of the
friction skin either temporary or permanent deteriorated or in case of
doubtful or questionable prints.
 To check the minute details of the ridge characteristic for the purpose of
classification and identification.
 University of Saint Anthony
(Dr. Santiago G. Ortega Memorial)
City of Iriga

College of Criminal Justice Education

*SCIENTIFIC WAY OF TAKING FINGERPRINTS*

1. Prepare the set-up for printing.
2. Clean inking plate/slab thoroughly before spreading the ink.
3. Place a small amount of fingerprint ink on each side of the slab and in the
center then start spreading the ink using roller back and forth until the ink
is eventually distributed.
4. Check whether or not the ink was spread properly or whether it is enough
or not, try print one of your finger or put the slab near the light and if
brownish refection is observe it means you have good ink for used.
5. Place the fingerprint and on the card holder properly to ensure the proper
enter will be easy.
6. Check is clear and dry. If it is perspiring freely wipe them off with a soft
clear; cloth dampened with alcohol

*RIDGES CHARACTERISTIC/MINUTAE*

-Detail of ridges structure formation and element which difference one

fingerprint from another and which impart individuality to each point.