Scribd
Upload
100 views3 pages

Calculus Definition

Calculus is a branch of mathematics developed by Newton and Leibniz that deals with rates of change. It has two main topics: differential calculus, which studies rates of change, and integral calculus, which studies quantities given rates of change. Basic calculus covers differentiation and integration, which are based on limits and functions. Differential calculus finds rates of change using derivatives, while integral calculus finds quantities from rates of change using integrals. Advanced calculus builds on basic calculus topics and includes concepts like infinite series and power series.

Uploaded by

Ariel Gonzales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
100 views3 pages

Calculus Definition

Calculus is a branch of mathematics developed by Newton and Leibniz that deals with rates of change. It has two main topics: differential calculus, which studies rates of change, and integral calculus, which studies quantities given rates of change. Basic calculus covers differentiation and integration, which are based on limits and functions. Differential calculus finds rates of change using derivatives, while integral calculus finds quantities from rates of change using integrals. Advanced calculus builds on basic calculus topics and includes concepts like infinite series and power series.

Uploaded by

Ariel Gonzales
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Calculus Definition

Calculus, a branch of Mathematics, developed by Newton and Leibniz, deals with the study of the
rate of change. Calculus Math is generally used in Mathematical models to obtain optimal solutions.
It helps us to understand the changes between the values which are related by a function. Calculus
Math mainly focused on some important topics such as differentiation, integration, limits, functions,
and so on.
Calculus Mathematics is broadly classified into two different such as:

 Differential Calculus
 Integral Calculus
Both the differential and integral calculus deals with the impact on the function of a slight change in
the independent variable as it leads to zero. Both differential and integral calculus serves as a
foundation for the higher branch of Mathematics known as “Analysis”. Calculus Mathematics plays a
vital role in modern Physics as well as in Science and technology.

Basic Calculus
Basic Calculus is the study of differentiation and integration. Both concepts are based on the idea of
limits and functions. Some concepts, like continuity, exponents, are the foundation of the advanced
calculus. Basic calculus explains about the two different types of calculus called “Differential
Calculus” and “Integral Calculus”. Differential Calculus helps to find the rate of change of a quantity,
whereas integral calculus helps to find the quantity when the rate of change is known.

Differential Calculus Basics


Differential Calculus is concerned with the problems of finding the rate of change of a function with
respect to the other variables. To get the optimal solution, derivatives are used to find the maxima
and minima values of a function. Differential calculus arises from the study of the limit of a quotient.
It deals with variables such as x and y, functions f(x), and the corresponding changes in the
variables x and y. The symbol dy and dx are called differentials. The process of finding the
derivatives is called differentiation. The derivative of a function is represented by dy/dx or f’ (x). It
means that the function is the derivative of y with respect to the variable x. Let us discuss some of
the important topics covered in the basic differential calculus.
Limits
The degree of closeness to any value or the approaching term. A limit is normally expressed using
the limit formula as-

limx→cf(x)=A
It is read as “the limit of f of x as x approaches c equals A”.
Derivatives
Instantaneous rate of change of a quantity with respect to the other. The derivative of a function is
represented as:

limx→hf(x+h)−f(x)h=A
Go through the links given below for Calculus Class 11 and class 12 concepts and get a detailed
knowledge of the basic calculus.

Derivative Formula Application of Derivatives

Derivatives Of A Function In Parametric Form Application Of Derivatives For Class 12

Limits and Derivatives Limits And Derivatives Class 11 Notes

Important questions for class 11 Maths Chapter 13 Limits NCERT Class 11 Solutions for Limits and
and Derivatives Derivatives
To learn more on calculus class 11 and calculus class 12, visit our BYJU’S page to get a proper
definition with examples.
Continuity
A function f(x) is said to be continuous at a particular point x = a, if the following three conditions are
satisfied –

 f(a) is defined
 limx→af(x) exists
 limx→a−f(x)=limx→a+f(x)=f(a)
Continuity and Differentiability
A Function is always continuous if it is differentiable at any point, whereas the vice-versa condition is
not always true.

 Continuity And Differentiability For Class 12


Quotient Rule
The Quotient rule is a method for determining the derivative (differentiation) of a function which is in
fractional form.
Chain Rule
The rule applied for finding the derivative of the composition of a function is basically known as the
chain rule.

Integral Calculus Basics


Integral calculus is the study of integrals and their properties. It is mostly useful for the following two
purposes:

 To calculate f from f’ (i.e. from its derivative). If a function f is differentiable in the interval of
consideration, then f’ is defined in that interval.
 To calculate the area under a curve.
Integration
Integration is the reciprocal of differentiation. As differentiation can be understood as dividing a part
into many small parts, integration can be said as a collection of small parts in order to form a whole.
It is generally used for calculating area.
Definite Integral
A definite integral has a specific boundary within which function needs to be calculated. The lower
limit and upper limit of the independent variable of a function is specified; its integration is described
using definite integrals. A definite integral is denoted as:
∫ba f(x).dx = F(x)
Indefinite Integral
An indefinite integral does not have a specific boundary, i.e. no upper and lower limit is defined.
Thus the integration value is always accompanied by a constant value (C). It is denoted as:
∫ f(x).dx = F(x) + C

Advanced Calculus
Advanced Calculus includes some topics such as infinite series, power series, and so on which are
all just the application of the principles of some basic calculus topics such as differentiation,
derivatives, rate of change and o on. The important areas which are necessary for advanced
calculus are vector spaces, matrices, linear transformation. Advanced Calculus helps us to gain
knowledge on a few important concepts such as

 Quadratic forms
 Generalized Stokes theorem
 Vector fields as derivatives
 Integration of forms
 Multilinear algebra
 Continuous differentiability
 Tangent space and normal space via gradients
 Dual space and dual basis
 Critical point analysis for multivariate functions, etc.

You might also like