STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

MAIN COMMERCIAL BUILDING

I. Design of C-Purlins
-Select a Trial Section when L= 3.5m and s= 0.60m
- Use A36 Steel (Fy= 248 MPa)
A.) Roof Dead Load
Weight of GI Sheet gauge=35 N /m 2
B.) Roof Live Load
Live Load =960 N /m2
C.)Wind Load
V= 200 kph (Table 207.1 of NSCP 2010)
Pa (Pressure) = 47.3 x 10−6 V 2 (207.5.10 of NSCP 2010)

Pa= 1.892 kN /m2

2Pasinθ
Pn= ; θ=19.78°
1+ sinθ 2
Pn= 1.15 Kpa
D.)Total Load
Roof Surface Tributary Area(s x L) = 2.1 m2
Load Due to Wind = 1.15 kPa x 2.1 m2
= 2.415 kN
Load Due to Roof = 35 N /m 2 x 2.1m2
= 73.5 N ≈ .0735 kN
Load Due to Live Load = 960 N /m2 x 2.1 m 2 x cos ( 19.78 ° )
= 1897.05 N ≈ 1.90 kN
Total Load (P) = 2.415 kN + .0735 kN + 1.90 kN = 4.49 kN
E.)Calculate Moment:
PL 4.49 kN x 3.5 m
M=
8
= 8
M = 1.96 kN.m ≈ 1964.4 N.m
F.) Calculate S:
 M
Fb= ; Fb = 0.66 Fy
S
M 1964.4 N . m
S= =
Fb 0.66(248 MPa)
2
S=12mm
DESIGN
“Select Trial Section greater than S=12mm2

TRY LC 100 x 50 x 15 x 2.0 x 6.0

Area=787mm2
d= 100mm
bf= 50mm
tf= 4.0mm
Sx=18.03mm3
Sy= 6.8 mm3
Weight= 6.18kg/m

Calculate Self Weight:

wt= 6.18kg/m x 9.81
wt= 1455.02 N/m
W= 1455.02 N/m x 3.5m
W= 5092.57 N
5092.57 N
Uniform self-weight acting on truss = 25.76 m ( total length of Top member ) = 197.69
¿
¿
N/m
Calculate weight total:
Wg= Weight of Roof + Roof Live Load + Self wt. of section
Wg= 21N/m+ 576N/m x 0.6m + 197.69 N/m
Wg= 794.69N/m
Wgy= 794.69 N/m x sin (19.78) = 268.93 N/m
Wgx=794.69 N/m x cos (19.78) = 747.80 N/m
Wxtotal= Wgx + Wind Load
Wxtotal= 747.80 + 1150 N/m x 0.6
Wxtotal= 1437.80 N/m
Wytotal= Wgy
Wytotal= 269.93 N/m

Calculate Moment Total:

 Wxtotal L2 1437.80 x 3.52
Mx= = = 2201.63 N.m
8 8

Wytotal L2 268.93 x 3.52

My= = = 411.80 N.m
8 8
Calculate fbx and fby:
Mx 2201.63
fbx= =
Sx 23
fbx= 95.72 MPa
My 411.80
fby= =
Sx 6.8

fby= 60.56 Mpa

Check for Compaction:
bf
x √ Fy ≤ 170
2tf
50
x √ 248 ≤ 170
2x 4
98.43 < 170
-section is compact
Check for Flexure:
fbx fby
+
Fbx Fby
≤ 1.0; Fbx= 0.66 Fy
Fby= 0.75 Fy
95.72 60.56
+ ≤ 1.0
163.68 186

0.91 < 1.0

- SAFE

THEREFORE USE LC 100 x 50 x 15 x 2.0 x 6.0

II.DESIGN OF TRUSS
-By using computer application STAAD
A. Dead Load
Roof Dead Load = 0.75 KPa
Ceiling Load = 0.1 KPa
 ME and EE Fixtures = 0.1 KPa
Wt. of Purlins = 0.4 KPa

B. Roof Live Load

Live Load = 0.6 KPa
C. Wind Load
V= 200 kph (Table 207.1 of NSCP 2010)
Pa (Pressure) = 47.3 x 10−6 V 2 (207.5.10 of NSCP 2010)

Pa= 1.892 kN /m 2
2Pasinθ
Pn= ; θ=19.78°
1+ sinθ 2
Pn= 1.15 Kpa
 D. REACTION AT SUPPORTS

E. INTERNAL FORCES

Mx My
Beam L/C Node Fx kN Fy kN Fz kN kNm kNm Mz kNm
2 1 DL 3 -13.37 0 0 0 0 0
    4 13.37 0 0 0 0 0
  2 LL 3 -7.053 0 0 0 0 0
    4 7.053 0 0 0 0 0
  3 WL 3 -15.615 0 0 0 0 0
     4 15.615 0 0 0 0 0
5 1 DL 1 4.478 -0.075 -0.001 0 0.001 0.147
    5 -4.478 -0.765 0.001 0 0 0.266
  2 LL 1 2.552 0.182 0 0 0 0.126
    5 -2.552 -0.182 0 0 0 0.092
  3 WL 1 5.266 0.356 -0.001 0 0.001 0.255
    5 -5.266 -0.356 0.001 0 0 0.171
6 1 DL 5 25.781 -0.002 0.003 0 0 0
    6 -25.781 0.002 -0.003 0 -0.001 -0.001
  2 LL 5 15.231 -0.001 0.002 0 0 0
    6 -15.231 0.001 -0.002 0 -0.001 0
  3 WL 5 27.437 -0.002 0.003 0 0 0
    6 -27.437 0.002 -0.003 0 -0.001 -0.001
7 1 DL 5 4.474 -0.662 0 0 0 -0.267
    7 -4.474 -0.346 0 0 0 0.039
  2 LL 5 2.55 -0.098 0 0 0 -0.092
    7 -2.55 0.098 0 0 0 -0.049
  3 WL 5 5.262 -0.181 0 0 0 -0.171
    7 -5.262 0.181 0 0 0 -0.09
8 1 DL 7 8.77 0 0.001 0 -0.001 0
    8 -8.77 0 -0.001 0 0 0
  2 LL 7 5.584 0 0.001 0 0 0
    8 -5.584 0 -0.001 0 0 0
  3 WL 7 9.731 0 0.001 0 -0.001 0
    8 -9.731 0 -0.001 0 0 0
9 1 DL 9 1.676 0 0 0 0 0
    10 -1.676 0 0 0 0 0
  2 LL 9 1.528 0 0 0 0 0
    10 -1.528 0 0 0 0 0
  3 WL 9 2.044 0 0 0 0 0
    10 -2.044 0 0 0 0 0
10 1 DL 11 -3.18 0 0 0 0 0
    12 3.18 0 0 0 0 0
  2 LL 11 -1.24 0 0 0 0 0
    12 1.24 0 0 0 0 0
  3 WL 11 -3.312 0 0 0 0 0
    12 3.312 0 0 0 0 0
11 1 DL 6 -33.349 0 0 0 0 0
    7 33.349 0 0 0 0 0
  2 LL 6 -19.011 0 0 0 0 0
    7 19.011 0 0 0 0 0
  3 WL 6 -33.083 0 0 0 0 0
    7 33.083 0 0 0 0 0
12 1 DL 8 -5.017 0 0 0 0 0
    9 5.017 0 0 0 0 0
  2 LL 8 -2.86 0 0 0 0 0
    9 2.86 0 0 0 0 0
  3 WL 8 -3.87 0 0 0 0 0
    9 3.87 0 0 0 0 0
13 1 DL 10 3.119 0 0 0 0 0
    11 -3.119 0 0 0 0 0
  2 LL 10 1.778 0 0 0 0 0
    11 -1.778 0 0 0 0 0
  3 WL 10 4.721 0 0 0 0 0
    11 -4.721 0 0 0 0 0
14 1 DL 12 7.584 0 0 0 0 0
    3 -7.584 0 0 0 0 0
  2 LL 12 4.325 0 0 0 0 0
    3 -4.325 0 0 0 0 0
  3 WL 12 9.578 0 0 0 0 0
    3 -9.578 0 0 0 0 0
15 1 DL 13 25.781 0.002 -0.003 0 0 0
    14 -25.781 -0.002 0.003 0 0.001 0.001
  2 LL 13 15.231 0.001 -0.002 0 0 0
    14 -15.231 -0.001 0.002 0 0.001 0
  3 WL 13 27.437 0.002 -0.003 0 0 0
    14 -27.437 -0.002 0.003 0 0.001 0.001
16 1 DL 15 8.77 0 -0.001 0 0.001 0
    16 -8.77 0 0.001 0 0 0
  2 LL 15 5.584 0 -0.001 0 0 0
    16 -5.584 0 0.001 0 0 0
  3 WL 15 9.731 0 -0.001 0 0.001 0
    16 -9.731 0 0.001 0 0 0
17 1 DL 17 1.676 0 0 0 0 0
    18 -1.676 0 0 0 0 0
  2 LL 17 1.528 0 0 0 0 0
    18 -1.528 0 0 0 0 0
  3 WL 17 2.045 0 0 0 0 0
    18 -2.045 0 0 0 0 0
18 1 DL 19 -3.18 0 0 0 0 0
    20 3.18 0 0 0 0 0
  2 LL 19 -1.24 0 0 0 0 0
    20 1.24 0 0 0 0 0
  3 WL 19 -3.312 0 0 0 0 0
    20 3.312 0 0 0 0 0
19 1 DL 14 -33.348 0 0 0 0 0
     15 33.348 0 0 0 0 0
  2 LL 14 -19.011 0 0 0 0 0
    15 19.011 0 0 0 0 0
  3 WL 14 -33.082 0 0 0 0 0
    15 33.082 0 0 0 0 0
20 1 DL 16 -5.018 0 0 0 0 0
    17 5.018 0 0 0 0 0
  2 LL 16 -2.86 0 0 0 0 0
    17 2.86 0 0 0 0 0
  3 WL 16 -3.87 0 0 0 0 0
    17 3.87 0 0 0 0 0
21 1 DL 18 3.119 0 0 0 0 0
    19 -3.119 0 0 0 0 0
  2 LL 18 1.778 0 0 0 0 0
    19 -1.778 0 0 0 0 0
  3 WL 18 4.721 0 0 0 0 0
    19 -4.721 0 0 0 0 0
22 1 DL 20 7.584 0 0 0 0 0
    3 -7.584 0 0 0 0 0
  2 LL 20 4.325 0 0 0 0 0
    3 -4.325 0 0 0 0 0
  3 WL 20 9.578 0 0 0 0 0
    3 -9.578 0 0 0 0 0
23 1 DL 7 -27.475 -0.447 0 0 0 -0.04
    9 27.475 -0.561 0 0 0 0.122
  2 LL 7 -15.663 0.034 0 0 0 0.048
    9 15.663 -0.034 0 0 0 0.001
  3 WL 7 -26.432 0.063 0 0 0 0.089
    9 26.432 -0.063 0 0 0 0.002
24 1 DL 9 -31.664 -0.523 0 0 0 -0.122
    11 31.664 -0.485 0 0 0 0.094
  2 LL 9 -18.052 -0.011 0 0 0 -0.001
    11 18.052 0.011 0 0 0 -0.015
  3 WL 9 -29.663 -0.021 0 0 0 -0.002
    11 29.663 0.021 0 0 0 -0.029
25 1 DL 3 -29.479 -0.532 0 0 0 -0.138
    11 29.479 -0.469 0 0 0 0.094
  2 LL 3 -16.806 -0.018 0 0 0 -0.01
    11 16.806 0.018 0 0 0 -0.015
  3 WL 3 -26.356 -0.036 0 0 0 -0.022
    11 26.356 0.036 0 0 0 -0.029
26 1 DL 3 -29.479 -0.532 0 0 0 -0.138
    19 29.479 -0.469 0 0 0 0.094
   2 LL 3 -16.806 -0.018 0 0 0 -0.01
    19 16.806 0.018 0 0 0 -0.015
  3 WL 3 -26.356 -0.036 0 0 0 -0.022
    19 26.356 0.036 0 0 0 -0.029
27 1 DL 19 -31.664 -0.485 0 0 0 -0.094
    17 31.664 -0.523 0 0 0 0.122
  2 LL 19 -18.052 0.011 0 0 0 0.015
    17 18.052 -0.011 0 0 0 0.001
  3 WL 19 -29.663 0.021 0 0 0 0.029
    17 29.663 -0.021 0 0 0 0.002
28 1 DL 17 -27.474 -0.561 0 0 0 -0.122
    15 27.474 -0.447 0 0 0 0.04
  2 LL 17 -15.663 -0.034 0 0 0 -0.001
    15 15.663 0.034 0 0 0 -0.048
  3 WL 17 -26.432 -0.063 0 0 0 -0.002
    15 26.432 0.063 0 0 0 -0.089
4 1 DL 15 4.474 -0.346 0 0 0 -0.039
    13 -4.474 -0.662 0 0 0 0.267
  2 LL 15 2.55 0.098 0 0 0 0.049
    13 -2.55 -0.098 0 0 0 0.092
  3 WL 15 5.262 0.181 0 0 0 0.09
    13 -5.262 -0.181 0 0 0 0.171
30 1 DL 14 30.01 2.261 0 0 0 0.623
    16 -28.443 2.095 0 0 0 -0.495
  2 LL 14 17.204 1.552 0 0 0 0.415
    16 -16.116 1.472 0 0 0 -0.354
  3 WL 14 31.065 3.147 0 0 0 0.832
    16 -31.065 3.012 0 0 0 -0.729
31 1 DL 13 4.478 -0.765 -0.001 0 0 -0.266
    21 -4.478 -0.075 0.001 0 0.001 -0.147
  2 LL 13 2.552 -0.182 0 0 0 -0.092
    21 -2.552 0.182 0 0 0 -0.126
  3 WL 13 5.266 -0.356 -0.001 0 0 -0.171
    21 -5.266 0.356 0.001 0 0.001 -0.255
32 1 DL 14 -5.544 2.187 -0.001 0 0 0.622
    21 4.24 1.443 0.001 0 0.001 -0.147
  2 LL 14 -3.246 1.486 0 0 0 0.415
    21 2.34 1.034 0 0 0 -0.126
  3 WL 14 -4.836 3.017 -0.001 0 0 0.831
    21 4.836 2.115 0.001 0 0.001 -0.255
33 1 DL 16 34.421 2.141 0 0 0 0.496
    18 -32.854 2.215 0 0 0 -0.553
  2 LL 16 19.721 1.493 0 0 0 0.354
     18 -18.633 1.531 0 0 0 -0.384
  3 WL 16 36.679 3.046 0 0 0 0.73
    18 -36.679 3.114 0 0 0 -0.782
34 1 DL 18 32.119 2.196 0 0 0 0.553
    20 -30.552 2.16 0 0 0 -0.525
  2 LL 18 18.408 1.522 0 0 0 0.384
    20 -17.32 1.502 0 0 0 -0.368
  3 WL 18 35.4 3.1 0 0 0 0.781
    20 -35.4 3.06 0 0 0 -0.751
35 1 DL 20 27.388 2.129 0 0 0 0.525
    4 -25.83 2.197 0 0 0 -0.577
  2 LL 20 15.71 1.483 0 0 0 0.368
    4 -14.628 1.52 0 0 0 -0.396
  3 WL 20 31.642 3.021 0 0 0 0.75
    4 -31.642 3.097 0 0 0 -0.808
36 1 DL 4 25.83 2.197 0 0 0 0.577
    12 -27.388 2.129 0 0 0 -0.525
  2 LL 4 14.628 1.52 0 0 0 0.396
    12 -15.71 1.483 0 0 0 -0.368
  3 WL 4 31.642 3.097 0 0 0 0.808
    12 -31.642 3.021 0 0 0 -0.75
37 1 DL 12 30.552 2.16 0 0 0 0.525
    10 -32.119 2.196 0 0 0 -0.553
  2 LL 12 17.32 1.502 0 0 0 0.368
    10 -18.408 1.522 0 0 0 -0.384
  3 WL 12 35.4 3.06 0 0 0 0.751
    10 -35.4 3.1 0 0 0 -0.781
38 1 DL 8 34.421 2.141 0 0 0 0.496
    10 -32.854 2.215 0 0 0 -0.553
  2 LL 8 19.721 1.493 0 0 0 0.354
    10 -18.633 1.531 0 0 0 -0.384
  3 WL 8 36.679 3.046 0 0 0 0.73
    10 -36.679 3.113 0 0 0 -0.782
39 1 DL 8 28.444 2.095 0 0 0 0.495
    6 -30.011 2.261 0 0 0 -0.623
  2 LL 8 16.116 1.472 0 0 0 0.354
    6 -17.204 1.552 0 0 0 -0.415
  3 WL 8 31.065 3.012 0 0 0 0.729
    6 -31.065 3.147 0 0 0 -0.832
40 1 DL 6 -5.544 2.187 -0.001 0 0 0.622
    1 4.24 1.443 0.001 0 0.001 -0.147
  2 LL 6 -3.246 1.486 0 0 0 0.415
    1 2.34 1.034 0 0 0 -0.126
   3 WL 6 -4.836 3.017 -0.001 0 0 0.831
    1 4.836 2.115 0.001 0 0.001 -0.255

F.DESIGN

TOP AND BOTTOM CHORD MEMBER: 5mm x 75mm x 75mm AB

VERTICAL AND DIAGONAL MEMBER: 5mm x 75mm x 75mm AB
KING POST: 2 pcs of 6mm x 75mm x 75mm AB

III.DESIGN OF BEAM
BEAM 1
-Assume Beam to be simply supported
-Use Class A concrete
-Assume b=250mm x d=350mm
-Tributary Width = 4m
-Use 16 mm diameter RSB
A.) Dead Load
Self-Weight of Beam=24 kN /m3 x 0.2m x 0.3m

= 1.44 kN/m
B.) Live Load
LL= 0.6 kPa x 4m
LL = 3.6 kN/m
C.) Concentrated Load due to Truss reaction acting on beam
P= 10.032 kN
D.) Loadings
Wu= 1.2(DL) + 1.6 (LL)
Wu= 7.704 kN/m

E.) Design
Main Reinforcement

Wu L2 7.704 x 62
Mmax= + Pa = +10.032 x 1.5
8 8
Mmax= 49.716 kN.m
'
0.85 ( 24 ) ( o .85 )
ρmax ¿ 3 0.85 f c β = 3
8 ( fy ) (
8 275 ) =0.023645

ρmax fy 0.023645 ( 275 )

ω max= = =0.2709375
fc ' 24
1.4 1.4
ρmin ¿ = =5.0909 x 10−3
fy 275

Mu = ∅ f c ' b d 2 ω (1−0.59 ω)

Mu = 0.9(24 )(250)¿75) (1-0.59(0.2709375)

Mu = 150.5754549 x 103N.m
Mmax < Mu
Therefore, Use Singly
0.85 fc '
ρ= ¿)
fy
0.85 (24)
ρ= ¿)
275

ρ=6.877953778 x 10−3
ρ> ρ min

Therefore, Use ρ
As= ρbd
As= 6.877963778 x10−3 mm2(250) (350)

As= 601.8218305 mm2

601.8218305mm 2
n= π
¿¿
4
n= 2.99≈3bars
Use 3-16mm diameter RSB

Check Adequacy
0.003 fy
=
c Es(d−c)
0.003 fy
=
c 200(350−c)
c=240mm
a=0.85(240mm)
a=204mm
C=T
0.85(24) (204)(350)=As(245)
As=5945.142857 mm2
'
ρmax ¿ 3 0.85 f c β = 3 0.85 24 o .85 =0.02702337662
( )( )
7 ( fy ) (7 275 )
Asmax= .02702337662 (250)(350)
Asmax= 2364.5454 mm2

ρfy 0.02702337662 ( 275 )

ω= = =0.3096428571
fc ' 24

Mu=0.9(24)(250)(350¿2(0.3096428571)(1-0.59(0.309642))

Mu=167.4087x106 N.mm

C=T

0.85(24) (a)(250)=2364.5454(275)

a= 127.5

c= 127.5/0.85 = 150mm

600(350−150)
fs= = 800
150

fy<fs

Therefore Steel yields

 Shear Reinforcement
WL 7.704 ( 6 )
Vmax= +P = + 10.032
2 2
Vmax= R= 33.144kN
Vu= 33.144 – 7.704(0.35) = 30.4476 kN
Compare Vu to ØVc

Vc= 0.17(√ f c ' ¿ ¿ bd

Vc= 0.17 (√ 24) (250) (350) = 72.8723kN

ØVc= 0.75(72.8723) = 54.6542 kN
Vu<Vc
Therefore, Stirrups is not necessary
d 350
Smax=
2
= 2
= 175mm

Use: Typical Spacing 4-50mm, 4-100mm, 4-150mm and 175mm @ Rest

BEAM II
-Assume Beam to be simply supported
-Use Class A concrete
-Assume b=200mm x d=300mm
-Tributary Width = 6 m
-Use 16 mm diameter RSB

A.) Dead Load

Self-Weight of Beam=24 kN /m3 x 0.2m x 0.3m

= 1.44 kN/m
Self-Weight of Truss =4.30m (Total length of 50mm x 50 mm x 5mm AB) x
(3.77 kg/m x 9.81) =159.03 N
= 159.03N/3.5m
= 45.44 N/m≈0.04 kN/m
=13.09 (Total length of 50mm x 50 mm x 6mm AB) x
 (4.47 kg/m x 9.81) = 567.67 N
= 567.67/3.5m
= 162.16 N/m≈0.16 kN/m
Total Self weight by truss= 0.2 kN/m
B.) Live Load
LL= 0.6 kPa x 6.0 m
LL = 5.4 kN/m
C.) Loadings
Wu= 1.2 (LL) + 1.6 (DL)
Wu= 1.2 (5.4kN/m) + 1.6 (1.64kN/m)
Wu = 9.104 kN/m

E.) Design
Main Reinforcement

Wu L2 2
Mmax= = 9.104 x 3.5
8 8
Mmax= 13.9405 kN.m
'
0.85 (24 ) ( o .85 )
ρmax ¿ 3 0.85 f c β = 3
7 ( fy ) (
8 275 ) =0.023645

ρmax fy 0.023645 ( 275 )

ω max= = =0.2709375
fc ' 24
1.4 1.4
ρmin ¿ = =5.0909 x 10−3
fy 275

Mu = ∅ f c ' b d 2 ω (1−0.59 ω)

Mu = 0.9(24 )(200)¿75) (1-0.59(0.2709375)

Mu = 88.50149189x 103N.m
Mmax < Mu
Therefore, Use Singly
0.85 fc '
ρ= ¿)
fy
0.85 (24)
ρ= ¿)
275

ρ=3.198119195 x 10−3
ρmin> ρ

Therefore, Use ρmin

As= ρbd
As= 5.0909x10−3 mm2(250) (350)

As= 305.4545455 mm2

305.4545455mm 2
n= π
¿¿
4
n= 1.5193≈2bars
Use 2-16mm diameter RSB
Check Adequacy
b=300m a=200mm
600(300)
c= = 205.7142857mm
600+ 275
a= 174.8571428mm
Assume steel yields
C=T

0.85(24) (174.857142)(200)=As(275)

As=2594.244155mm2

'
0.85 (24 ) ( o .85 )
ρmax ¿ 3 0.85 f c β = 3
7 ( fy ) (
8 275 ) =0.02702337662

Asmax= .02702337662 (200) (300)

 Asmax= 1621.402597mm2

ρfy 0.02702337662 ( 275 )

ω= = =0.3096428571
fc ' 24

Mu=0.9(24)(200)(300¿2(0.3096428571)(1-0.59(0.309642))

Mu=98.39533633x106 N.mm

C=T

0.85(24) (a)(200)=1621.402597(275)

a= 109.2857mm

c= 109.2857/0.85 = 128.5714285mm

600(300−128.5714285)
fs= = 800
128.5714285

fy<fs

Therefore Steel yields

Shear Reinforcement
WL 9.104 ( 3.5 )
Vmax= =
2 2
Vmax= R= 15.932kN
Vu= 15.932 – 9.104(0.3) = 13.2008kN
Compare Vu to ØVc

Vc= 0.17(√ f c ' ¿ ¿ bd

Vc= 0.17 (√ 24) (200) (300) = 49.9696kN

ØVc= 0.75(49.9696) = 37.4772 kN
Vu<Vc
Therefore, Stirrups is not necessary
d 300
Smax=
2
= 2
= 150mm

Use: Typical Spacing 4-50mm, 4-100mm, 4-150mm and 175mm @ Rest

BEAM III
-Assume Beam to be simply supported
-Use Class A concrete
-Assume b=150mm x d=250mm
-Tributary Width = 6 m
-Use 16 mm diameter RSB

A.) Dead Load

Self-Weight of Beam=24 kN /m3 x 0.2m x 0.3m

= 1.44 kN/m
Self-Weight of Truss =4.30m (Total length of 50mm x 50 mm x 5mm AB) x
(3.77 kg/m x 9.81) =159.03 N
= 159.03N/3.0m
= 53.01 N/m≈0.05 kN/m
=13.09 (Total length of 50mm x 50 mm x 6mm AB) x
(4.47 kg/m x 9.81) = 567.67 N
= 567.67/3.0m
= 189.223 N/m≈0.189223 kN/m
Total Self weight by truss= 0.24 kN/m
B.) Live Load
LL= 0.6 kPa x 6.0m
LL = 3.15 kN/m
C.) Loadings
Wu= 1.2 (LL) + 1.6 (DL)
Wu= 1.2 (3.15kN/m) + 1.6 (1.68kN/m)
Wu = 6.468 kN/m
E.) Design

Wu L2 2
Mmax= = 6.568 x 3.0
8 8
Mmax= =7.2765 kN.m
'
0.85 ( 24 ) ( o .85 )
ρmax ¿ 3 0.85 f c β = 3
8 ( fy ) (
8 275 ) =0.023645

ρmax fy 0.023645 ( 275 )

ω max= = =0.2709375
fc ' 24
1.4 1.4
ρmin ¿ = =5.0909 x 10−3
fy 275

Mu = ∅ f c ' b d 2 ω (1−0.59 ω)

Mu = 0.9(24 )(150) ¿75) (1-0.59(0.2709375)

Mu = 96.0945 x 103N.m
Mmax < Mu
Therefore, Use Singly
0.85 fc '
ρ= ¿)
fy
0.85 (24)
ρ= ¿)
275

ρ=3.205246 x 10−3
ρ< ρ min

Therefore, Use ρmin

As= ρbd
As= 5.0909x10−3 mm2(150) (250)

As= 190.9091 mm2

190.9091mm2
n= π
¿¿
4
n=0.9495≈2bars
Use 2-16mm diameter RSB
Check Adequacy
b=250mm
600(250)
c= = 171.4285714mm
600+ 275
a= 145.7142857mm

Assume steel yields

C=T

0.85(24) (145.7142857)(150)=As(275)

As=1621.402597mm2

'
ρmax ¿ 3 0.85 f c β = 3 0.85 24 o .85 =0.02702337662
( )( )
7 ( fy ) (8 275 )
Asmax= 0.02702337662 (150) (250)
Asmax= 1013.376623mm2

ρfy 0.02702337662 ( 275 )

ω= = =0.3096428571
fc ' 24

Mu=0.9(24)(150)(250¿2(0.3096428571)(1-0.59(0.309642))

Mu=44.84162463x106 N.mm

C=T

0.85(24) (a)(150)=1013.376623(275)

a= 104.0816326mm

c= 104.0816326/0.85 = 122.4489795mm

600(300−122.4489795)
fs= = 380
122.4489795

fy<fs

Therefore Steel yields

Shear Reinforcement
 WL 9.104 ( 3 )
Vmax= =
2 2
Vmax= R= 9.702kN
Vu= 9.702 – 6.468(0.25) = 8.085kN
Compare Vu to ØVc

Vc= 0.17(√ f c ' ¿ ¿ bd

Vc= 0.17 (√ 24) (150) (250) = 153kN

ØVc= 0.75(153) = 114.75 kN
Vu<Vc
Therefore, Stirrups is not necessary
d 250
Smax=
2
= 2
= 125mm

Use: Smax= 125mm towards Midspan

III.DESIGN OF COLUMN
A.) Dead Load
Reaction of Column Due to Truss Reaction

Reaction of Beam Due to Self-Weight of TR-1

 W= 7.87m (Total length of 50mm x 50 mm x 5mm AB) x (3.77 kg/m x 9.81)
W= 295.76 N
Wu= 296.76 N/3.0m
Wu= 98.25N/m≈0.09 kN/m
W= 10.92(Total length of 50mm x 50 mm x 6mm AB) x (4.47 kg/m x 9.81)
W= 478.85 N
Wu= 478.85/3.0m
Wu = 159.61N/m≈0.16kN/m
Total Self weight by truss= 0.25 kN/m
0.25 x 3
R= = 0.375kN
2
Reaction of Beam due to its Self-weight
W=24 kN /m3 x 0.35m x 0.25m x 3m
W= 6.3 kN
6.3
R= = 3.15kN
2
Total PDL= 29.331 kN+ 0.375x2beams + 3.15kN x2
Total PDL= 36.381 kN
B.) Live Load
 Reaction of Beam due to Live Load
Wu= 0.6 kPa x 4m
Wu= 3.6 kN/m
W= 3.6 kN.m x 3m
W= 10.8 kN
10.8
R= = 5.4 kN
2
Total PLL= 16.747 kN + 5.4 kN x 2beams
Total PLL= 27.547 kN
C.) Design
- Pu= 1.2(PDL) + 1.6(PLL)
- Use fc’= 24Mpa
- fy= 275Mpa
Pu= 1.2(36.381) + 1.6 (27.547)
Pu= 87.7324 kN
Pu= ØPn; Pn= 0.80 ∅ ¿0.85fc’ (Ag-Ast) +fyAst]

87.7324 x 10 3=0.80 ( 0.65 ) [0.85 ( 24 ) ( B2−0.03 B2 ) + ( 0.03 B2 ) ]

B= 92.27mm
Use B= 250mm
Reinforcement
Ast=0.03(250¿2
Ast= 1875mm2
1875
N= π = 5.96≈ 6 Bars
¿¿
4
Use 6-20mm diameter RSB
Column Ties
s= d=250mm
III.DESIGN OF FOOTING
-Square Footing
- Assume qa=150kPa
- Assume hs=0.80m
- Assume h= 0.25m
18 kN
- Assumeγsoil =
m3
A.) Design Dimension
qe= qa – h(γconcrete ¿ – hs(γsoil ¿
qe= 150kPa – 0.8(24) – 0.25(18)
qe= 126.3kPa
PDL+ PLL
qe=
B2

PDL+ PLL
B=
√ qe

41.631 kN +27.547 kN
B=
√ 126.3
B= 0.74 m
Use B= 0.8m
B.) Design Thickness
Pu= 1.2DL + 1.6 LL
Pu= 1.2(41.631) + 1.6 (27.547)
Pu= 94.0324 kN
Pu
qu=
B2
94.0324
qu=
0.8 2
qu= 146.93kPa
One Way Shear
 ØVc= 0.17 λ √ f c ' bwd

Vu= ØVc
0.1469256(800) (275-d) = (0.7) 0.17(1) √ 24 (800)d
d= 55.35595mm
Two Way Shear
Vu= Pu - qa x Av
Vu= 94.0324 x103- 0.1469256 (250+d¿2
1 '
ØVc= 0.75( λ √ f c bod )
3
1
ØVc= 0.75( ( 1) √ 24 x 4 (250+ d) d )
3
Vu= ØVc
1
94.0324 x103- 0.1469256 (250+d¿2= 0.75( ( 1) √ 24 x 4 (250+ d) d )
3
d= 55.57mm
Use d= 150mm
H= d + concrete cover
H= 150mm +75mm
H= 225mm
C.) Design Reinforcement
F= quA
F= 146.93kPa (.275) (.8)
F= 32.3246 kN
Mu= Fe; e= .275/2
Mu= 32.3246 kN (.275/2)
Mu= 4.444 kN.m
0.85 (24)
ρ= ¿)
275

ρ=7.399856671 x 10−3
 1.4
ρmin = = 5.090909 x 10−3
275
ρ> ρ min

Therefore, Use ρmin

As= ρbd
As= 7.399856671 x 10−3(800) (150)

As= 610.90908mm2
Use 16mm diameter RSB

610.90908 mm2
N= π
¿¿
4
N= 3.0384
Say 4-16mm diameter RSB B.W