REVIEWER IN STS – goodluck guys mejo • Style = technological advances (signature of

kulang to yung mga revolution hehe di na civilization)

• Status symbol
keri saket sa likod. Galingan natin!! • Nation identity
 Ancient Times • Style = technological advances (signature of
 Medieval Times civilization)
 Modern Times • Status symbol
 Philippines Inventions • Nation identity
Historical Antecedents of Science and
Technology : ANCIENT - MODERN TIMES Inventions:
ANCIENT TIMES Ancient Wheel
Transportation and Navigation • No one knows exactly who invented the
• foot wheel.
• Animals=4000-3000 BC • Believed the sumerian invented this shortly
• Wheel-mesopotamia, important invention 3500 BC.
• Sailing boat-3100 BC=papyrus • Used for shaping the clay
• Wooden ships=navigated by long oar • Not until 1000-1500 years later that the
• Bridges wheel was first used on carts
• Travel to places and trade • transportation.
Communication • Made up heavy flat disk made of hardened
• Avoid conflict clay which was spun horizontally on an axis
• Record of places they have been Paper: closely related to writing
• Document trades • Around 3000 BC, ancient egyptians began
• Recording history and culture writing on PAPYRUS- similar to thick paper
Record Keeping • Made from pith of Papyrus plant (Cyperus
 Cuneiform was created to keep papyrus)
records of goods and activity • Lightweight, strong, durable and potable
 Hieroglyphics, used to record keeping • Before the egyptian, writing was done in
of religious text stone and reserve only for important
Mass Production occasions.
• Fertile crescent • With the advent of papyrus, documentation
• Crops= emmer, einkorn wheat, peas, lentils, became efficient, widespread and vast
bitter barley , chickpeas and flax Shadoof/Shaduf
•irrigation • Use by Egyptians to irrigate lands
Security • hand operated device
1. Physical security such as weapons, • used for lifting water
lakes or cliff dwellings, walls and gates .• To water crops
ex. Great wall of china). • Most sophisticated irrigation tool.
2. Weapons and armor Nilometer
 Defense from other tribe and • Predict Flood
nation • marking the height of the Nile
MEDICINE • Warning device
 How was health being dealt with? Antikythera Mechanism
• Magic and religion • Used to believed ‘predict astronomical
• Gods positions and eclipses
• Spells, chants, amulets • Invented between 150-100 BC.
• Survival • Oldest geared devices.
- Illness and disease • Discovered in 1912.
Engineering and Architecture • Similar to mantle clock
• Protection from…….
• Human attacks
• A knob on the side makes it possible for it to
• Natural disaster be forward and backward, its mechanism
• Caters specific need allows it display celestial time.
Aeolipile • cuneiform, or "wedge-shaped.”
• Hero’s engine • 2500 BC-alphabet
• Ancient precursor of the steam engine Calendar
• Hero of Alexandra is credited for the • Developed first calendar
demonstration of the use of aeolipile during • Adjusted to the phases of moon
the 1st century AD. • Lunar calendar: adopted by Semites,
• It is steam powered turbine which spun Eqyptians and Greeks
when the water containerat its center was  divided a year into 12 lunar months of
heated thus making it practically the first 29 or 30 days
rudimentary steam engine Trade
ANCIENT CIVILIZATION •Developed a trade system with bartering
Civilization • mainly barley but also wool and
 Derived from Latin word “Civilis” cloth for stone, metals, timber,
means citizen copper, pearls and ivory
 Stage of human social and cultural Irrigation System
development and organization that is • Agriculture dependent on irrigation
considered most advanced. • Accomplished by the use of shadoofs
/shadufs, canals, channels, weirs, reservoirs.
SUMERIAN • High flow-flood
 Southernmost region of ancient • Low flow-drought/no crops to crow
Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq and • 1st and beneficial in engineering
Kuwait) -cradle of civilization. Sailboat and Wheel
 its name came from Akkadian, the • Cross 2 rivers
language of the north of • transfer large quantities of product
Mesopotamia • Covers greater distance
 “land of the civilized kings”. • Exploration requires larger space to
SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION accommodate more goods.
• 3500-2000 BCE • Sailboats
•irrigated fields was built canals, dikes, dams o Transportation
and drainage systems o Trading
• 3 main crops –
Plow
- Barley
 Made from wood
- Dates
 Advance agricultural system
- Sesame
 4000 BCE: plow from copper and
Ziggurat of Ur
bronze
• Only priests are allowed to enter
Government
• Temples dedicated to the god of the city
• Lugals
• Temple on top was god’s home
• Unified state= King Lugalzaggisi of Umma
• Room for offerings of food and goods
RELIGION and Culture
 Utu
 Ninhursag
 Nanna
 An
 Enlil
 Enki
Cuneiform Writing
• responsible for the development of the first
writing.
• wrote on tablets of clay,
• recording their language using simple pictures.
• Historical accounts
 • Replaced soot with other material such as
ochre = colored
BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
 Kingdom of Mesopotamia from the Pyramids
18th to 6th BC.  Erected by King Zoser beween 2667-
 A small Akkadian town dating from 2648 BC
the period of the Akkadian Empire  Monumental building
2300 BC. Writing: Hieroglyphics
Language  Pictogram-earliest form of writing
Akkadian - an extinct East Semitic language  Formal writing system
that was spoken in ancient Mesopotamia w/c  Combined= logographic, syllabic,
was replaced by Akkadian-influenced Old alphabetical elements.
Aramaic by 18th century. Plow
Where is located? • 4000 B.C=plow 1st used
• city of Babylon was the capital of the • Early plow- not effective method of farming
ancient land of Babylonia • 2000 BC- improved by hooking to oxen
• situated on the Euphrates River about 50 • Revolutionized ancient farming
miles south of modern Baghdad Sickle
• considered a Biblical myth. • curve blade
Agriculture • for harvesting grain (wheat and barley)
• ground is very fertile and produces wild Cosmetics
barley, chickpea, sesame, olive, fax, dates. • Eye make up=4000 B.C.
• marshlands produce an edible root that is • Hygiene and appearance
equal in nutrition to barley. • Medical, religious and cultural
Hanging Garden of Babylon (600 BC) • Soot and lead mineral called “galena” (kohl)
• Both men and women
• Social ranking
• Cure eye disease
• Keep them from falling victim to the devil
eye
Wigs
• Free from pests
• Protect from sun
• Both men and women wore wigs except
EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION priest and laborers
• 3150-30 BC BC (North Africa) • Human hair
• Kemet=Black Land • Plant fiber or sheep wool to add volume
• Misr=country • Covered with resin and beeswax
Technology and Invention • Black and blonde
Papyrus Mummification
• Earliest paper material • Life after death
• Tough and fibrous interior of a stiff reed like • Preserving bodies
plant Clock
• Light and strong  sundial=as sun clock; noting how
• Writing= religious texts, literature and music shadow moved around its surface
• 3200 B.C.=libraries throughout the day.
• 133 ft long=papyrus rolls  water clock (clepsydra)= made from a
Ink stone vessel with a tiny hole at the
• Made of mixed vegetable gum, soot and bee bottom which allowed water to
wax=black ink dripped at a constant rate. The
 passage of hours could be measured
from marks spaced at different levels.

Newspaper, Hard bound Book or Codex

Calendar
• devised the solar calendar by recording the • Hand written text
yearly reappearance of Sirius (the Dog Star) in • Paper allows documentation to be much
the eastern sky. easier
• It was a fixed point which coincided with the • Do not easily break
yearly flooding of the Nile. • Lightweight
• had 365 days and 12 months with 30 days in • Needs less space
each month and an additional five festival • Record keeping for
days at the end of the year. • Historical events
Shadoof/Shaduf • Dissemination of newly legislated laws
• Long balancing pole with weight on the end Architecture
and bucket on the other.
• Once the bucket is filled with water. Its easy
to raise then emptied onto higher ground.
Irrigation
• Little rainfall
• Dended on nile
ANCIENT GREEK CIVILIZATION
Alarm clock
• Invented by ancient Greece
• Ctesilibus
• Dropping of pebbles
Watermill Numerals
• 3rd century BCE • Numeric system
• Province of Byzantium • Combination of alpha characters or letter
• First source of power not generated by man
which represent numeric values
or animals.
• Cumulative system
• grain grinding
• Seeds to flour • Additive and subtractive system
Cartography ANCIENT CHINESE CIVILIZATION
• Making maps Silk
• Travel and navigation • Produced by silkworms
• Anaximander • Used to make paper and clothing
• Science, astronomy and geography • Opened China to the outside world
ANCIENT ROMAN CIVILIZATION • Cultural, economic and scientific exchanges
Invention: Tea Production
Newspaper • Produced from processing leaves and leaves
• Acta (diurna, Popidi or Publica) buds
• form of press
• Camellia sinensis
• Sheet of metal/stone
• Healing properties
• Common form of press
Great Wall of China
Provides easy access to
government information • Ancient series of walls and fortifications
• 13,ooo miles in length
• Emperor Qin Shin Huang
• Barriers/protection from invasions • Scottish engineer John Logie Baird is
• Powerful symbol of Chinese civilization’s credited for this invention.
enduring strength Telephone
• Alexander Graham Bell
• 1876
Medieval/Middle Ages Graphophone
Heavy Plough • I1877
• Because of this, marked by higher and • Thomas Edison
healthier agricultural yields and more efficient • Sound recording device
agricultural practices. Calculator
Paper Money • In 1642, the Renaissance saw the invention
• I 17th cen. of the mechanical calculator (by Wilhelm
• bank notes began to be used in Europe, Schickard and several decades later Blaise
• Metal, gold and silver were used as Pascal)
currency.  a device that was at times
Mechanical Clock somewhat overpromoted as being
• Devices for time keeping and recording able to perform all four arithmetic
sprung from the ancient times, such as the operations with minimal human
Antikythera mechanism intervention.
Spinning Wheel  Pascal's Calculator could add and
• Used to transform fiber into thread or yarn subtract two numbers directly and
and eventually woven into cloth or a loom. multiply and divide by repetition.
Gun Powder Philippine Inventions
• gunpowder is called huo yao Amphibious Salamander
• flaming medicine.  Atoy Llave (car bodykit specialist)
• alchemists collaborated with H2O
• elixir of immortality. Technologies(company)-Lamberto
• mixture of sulphur, saltpeter, and charcoal. Armada(technical head)

Modern Times
Compound Microscope
• Biological / High power microscope
• Zacharias Jansen, credited the for the
invention of the first compound microscope in
the year 1590.
Telescope  First Filipino that invented -“The
• Single most important technological Salamander”
invention in the study of astronomy.  is an amphibious tricycle that can run
• Galileo Galilei both land and on water.
• Could magnify objects 20X Salt Lamp
Jacquard Loom  The anode must be replaced
• French weaver Joseph Marie Jacquard approximately every six months and
• Simplifies textile manufacturing the saline water daily; sea water is
Engine powered airplane usable.
• Orville Wright and Wilbur Wright:  It was invented and is marketed by
 credited for this engine powered Engr. Aisa Mijeno (a Filipino inventor
aircraft and entrepreneur from DLS-Lipa).
Television
 - YazakiTorres - and Manly Plastics.
- Glasteck
- VSO
- Autofir
Erythromycin
 an antibiotic used for the treatment
Improvised INCUBATOR
of a number of bacterial infections
- made from bamboo and bottles with
 includes respiratory tract infections,
hot water for a regulated skin infections, chlamydia infections,
temperature. pelvic inflammatory disease, and
Dr. Fe Del Mundo - is credited with studies syphilis.
that lead to the invention of an improved • Ilongo scientist Abelardo Aguilar
incubator and a jaundice-relieving device. (inventor)
- She has dedicated her life to the •Streptomyces erythreus -  is a
cause of pediatrics in the Philippines. species of actinomycete bacteria within
- Her pioneering work in pediatrics in the genus Saccharopolyspora
the Philippines in an active medical - which produces the macrolide
practice that spanned 8 decades antibiotic erythromycin
DOST-ITDI OL (OvicidalLarvicidal) Trap Mole Remover
- Latest development replaced the can • invented in 2000
with black plastic cans of the same • by Rolando dela Cruz
size. • Remove moles and warts
- The organic active solution (pellets • Without need for surgical procedure
 extracted from the Phillipino cashew
are dissolved in tap water) is
tree (Annacardium
introduced into this can and by occidentale), which is common in the
capillary action moistens the board, Philippines and is known as “kasoy”.
making it ideal for the Female Aedes Banana Ketchup
aegypti Mosquito (FAM), the dengue • Banana Ketchup
carrying mosquito to lay its eggs on. • Shortage of tomatos
E-jeepney • Made from
 a recent development in the - Mashed banana
Philippines that provides a - Sugar
sustainable, clean form of public - Vinegar
transportation. - Spices
Rommel Juan, president of PhUV •Original color=Brownish yellow in color
 founding member and is currently
the president of the Electric
Vehicles Association of the
Philippines (EVAP)
 he was the lead organizer of the
biggest, the first-ever ASEAN
Electric Vehicle Summit 2017 held
in Manila which brought together
under one roof major EV players in
the ASEAN region.
seven original incorporators who joined forces
to form the consortium were people behind:
- MD Juan Enterprises - Nito Seiki