All The Basic Cooking Techniques Explain PDF
All The Basic Cooking Techniques Explain PDF
All The Basic Cooking Techniques Explain PDF
Explained
Have you ever encountered a flashy, impossible to
understand word in the recipe? Most probably it comes
down to the way you prepare food. Let’s explore in detail
one of world cuisine’s most used culinary techniques. So,
get educated, turn on your oven and let the cooking march
on!
Al Dente
Boiling of pasta or rice to an extent, to which the products
are quite dense but not hard. It can be used for vegetables
too, that are not completely raw, but still slightly crunchy.
Blanching
It’s mainly used for fruits and vegetables. Usually, it’s
carried out by dipping the product in boiling water for a
short period of time (around 5 to 10 seconds), taking it out
and immediately cooling it down under running cold water.
It’s used to:
● neutralise bacteria, which normally develop in the
products, in order to preserve them for longer. It is
used before freezing, too.
● easier peeling of some products, such as tomatoes,
plums, etc.
● improve the taste of some ingredients, such as
broccoli.
● improve the colour of some foods (broccoli again)
NB: in order to blanch potatoes, you have to dip them
shortly in boiling oil.
Boiling
Boiling is cooking the ingredients by completely dipping
them in a liquid (water, broth, milk, sugar syrup). The
water boils in the interval between 95 ℃ to 100 ℃,
depending on the atmospheric pressure (the sea level).
One curiosity no matter how many bubbles are there in
the water, the temperature is all the same.
The boiling relaxes the connective tissue of the meat and
makes it tender. It also softens the cellulose in the
vegetables, the fruits and the wheat products. During
boiling, a part of the liquid evaporates, which, when
cooking certain sauces, leads to their thickening.
Water bath
You need two utensils one bigger than the other. It’s best
to use a set of casseroles. Boil water in one of them and
place the other one containing the cooked food inside.
This method is used to cook easily burning mixtures, for
example, sauces or creams. You don’t really want to
spend all the afternoon cleaning the cakedon food
leftovers, are you?
One of the main advantages of water bath is, that it
provides even heat distribution. Another advantage is that
it assures a better temperature control, since boiling the
water in the outer utensil is easy to be seen and
controlled, whereas the temperature in the inside one is
quite close, but lower than that of the outer pot.
Glazing
Pouring a glaze over the ready dish, aiming to give it a
complete, aesthetic look and taste. It is used mainly on
sweets, fruits, bread and meat. Glazings are most often
sweet.
Grilling
A way of meat preparation, through roasting directly on top
of the heat source, usually a BBQ or a grill. Although the
most often used appliance is an electric barbecue, you
can only get the best of the taste by burning wood coal,
made of oak or beech and cook on the glowing embers.
Usually, you will need to marinade the meat in advance,
so that it can get a better taste and keep it from drying
during roasting. Check out the link in the description for
basic marinade recipes, as well as steak cooking
techniques.
Deglazing
After cooking meat, there’s a lot of oil and concentrated,
caramelised juices inside the pan. Take out the meat and
heat the utensil again, simultaneously adding water or
broth and stir until you make sauce that can be served
together with the meat.
Caramelization
Heating of sugar or sugar syrup, until it reaches a dark
caramel colour. During the process an oxidation occurs
degrading of the compound sugars into simple ones.
Visually, the sugar melts and changes its colour to
darkbrown, releasing a nutty flavour. The caramelized
sugar is used for glazings, candies, as an addition to
certain sauces and so on.
Refreshment
Washing vegetables with cold water, straight after boiling
them, just before serving, in order to stop the process of
thermal preparation and to preserve the colour and
nutrients.
Cooling
A process in which the readymade foods or cooked
dishes and products’ temperature is decreased between 0
and 5℃. It is used for temporary storage and slows down
the development of bacteria.
Pureeing
Crushing and smashing a product in a blender or a mixer,
until reaching a homogeneous state, without any pieces or
small lumps.
Roasting
A method of cooking by dry heating of products. The
temperature varies between 100 to 300 C, according to
the kind of food. Roasting most often happens in an oven,
but you can also roast in a pan or in a microwave.
Frying
A way of meal preparation, during which the product is
dipped in hot oil until cooked. It varies greatly according to
the product, the type of oil, the amount of oil, the used
utensil, etc.
Reduction
Thickening a liquid or a sauce by boiling. As a result, the
taste and the aroma intensify. You need to avoid long
hours of boiling, since the flavours can disappear.
Sautéeing
Quick frying in a pan with a bit of oil at a strong
temperature. The products are not stirred but flipped
inside the pan. The utensil itself should be big enough, so
that all food is at the same level. The oil should just cover
the bottom. Fry until slightly brown, after which toss the
veggies in the air to flip them. The appropriate pan also
should have slightly curved walls so that the tossing will be
easier.
Severing
Cutting the cooked meat into appropriate pieces for
serving. It is used for big chunks of meat, or for whole
parts or birds, such as a whole leg, chicken, turkey, etc.
Stuffing
Filling the inside of a product with finely cut vegetables,
meat, fish. Usually, you can stuff whole birds, peppers,
eggplants, tomatoes, shoulder of a lamb and so on. When
stuffing meats, the opening should be sewed with a thick
thread.
Filleting
Cutting a piece of meat without any bones in a flat, wide
shape.
Flambé
A cooking technique, which consists of adding alcohol in
the pan with the dish and fire it. Most often it is performed
in front of the client, when serving. It is considered that
when the alcohol burns, it passes a part of its flavour to
the dish, but, most probably, the main advantage of this
method is the spectacle it creates.
It is considered that flambéing was officially discovered in
1895 in Monte Carlo by the waiter Henri Carpentier, who
accidentally lit a pancake on fire, which was cooked for the
young uncrowned king of England Edward VII.
Larding
Using a thin knife, spike the meat and in the formed hole
you can put different products, such as bacon, garlic,
celery, carrot, onion, etc. It adds up to the flavour,
whereas the bacon protects the meat from drying out.
Spritzen
Taking out a creamlike product under pressure through a
hose with a certain shape (spritz), during which the leaking
cream acquires the shape of the hose. It is used to
decorate salty and sweet dishes, cakes and pies.
No matter which cooking technique you apply, in order to
produce welldone and healthy meals, you will need to use
clean and sanitised equipment. That means no food
leftovers or charred burnton stains on the stovetop, the
racks and trays, the oven chamber itself, the grills and
pans. Producing quality dishes requires a bit of time
before and after cooking mainly for cleaning and
preparation of the working area. For more information on
sanitising the kitchen and cleaning the cooking utensils
and appliances, refer to the link resources.