Observational - Sketching.Hone - Your.Artistic - Skills.by - Learning.How - To.observe - And.sketch - Everyday.Objects.1631598880

HOW TO DRAW
ALMOST ANY OBJECT
Observational
SKETCHING
MARIKO HIGAKI
335039 - Observational Sketching_001-128.indd 1 30/12/19 12:45 PM

(F52)_Title: 335039 - Observational Sketching
Text Page: 1
Introduction
Are you familiar with observational sketching? Put

simply, it means observing things in your life and
sketching them.
I first learned about observational sketching on

Twitter in the spring of 2018. You can find lots
of beautiful sketches by searching the hashtag
#ObservationalSketching (# 観察スケッチ in
Japanese). I've always liked observing things
and I enjoy sketching; it's something I use to
communicate in my work. But when I clicked
on that hashtag, I realized that sketching also
lets you share things you enjoy with others.
I made this book to inspire you with the joys of

observational sketching. It features examples of
sketches and tips for observing different kinds
of materials. I also explain how to practice and
improve so you can enjoy sketching even if you
aren't confident in your skills.
The products in our daily lives were made

by designers, engineers, marketers, and many
others. If we pretend to be Sherlock Holmes
and observe these objects diligently, we start
to understand the thoughts and intentions
that went into them, and we can imagine the
various steps involved in their creation. We
start to notice special things about them for
the first time.
I hope this book will help you communicate the

joys you find in your everyday surroundings.
Mariko Higaki

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Text Page: 3
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
How to use this book. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Chapter 1 Chapter 3
The Appeal of Observational Sketching 7 How to Observe 41
Sample 1: Observational Sketching Why This Material? Why This Shape? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
by Shoichi Sato . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Understanding Plastic by Observing
Sample 2: Observational Sketching an Alarm Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
by Hiyo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Understanding Plastic by Observing
Sample 3: Observational Sketching a Vaseline Container . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
by chi-bit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Understanding Glass by Observing a Cup. . . . . . . . . . . 52
Sample 4: Observational Sketching
Understanding Metal by Observing
by Kanwa Nagafuji . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
a Titanium Mug . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Sample 5: Observational Sketching
Understanding Wood by Observing
by Seiji Miyazawa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
a Pen Stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
The Artists’ Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Understanding Fabric by Observing
a Backpack. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Considering the Entire Life of a Product. . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Chapter 2
Fundamentals of Sketching You Can Use Right Away 21
1. Basic Posture and Equipment You'll Need . . . . . . . . . 22
2. Drawing a Straight Line Exactly as You Intend . . . . 23
3. Drawing Circles and Ellipses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4. Understanding Proportion Through
Orthographic Drawings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5. Understanding Perspective Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
6. Expressing the Structure of an Object
with Simple Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
7. How to Draw Organic Shapes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
8. Rendering in a Way that Communicates
the Shape and Material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Draw Freely and Easily . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

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Chapter 4 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Let’s Do Some Observational Sketching! . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 About the Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
Flow of steps. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 Appendix 1: Basic Types of Plastic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
Step 1: Finding Your Subject Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Appendix 2: Other Titles from Rockport. . . . . . . . . . . . 124
Step 2: Writing Basic Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Step 3: Rough Sketching . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Step 4: Finishing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
Observing Observational Sketchings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
1. Soy Sauce Bottle with Lid S (iwaki) . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
2. NEW Krewrap (Kureha) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
3. BC02 Alarm Clock (Braun). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
4. Digital Caliper . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5. Pen Stand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
6. Vaseline Pure Skin Jelly Original (Unilever). . . 90
7. Titanium-Single Cup 300 (Snow Peak). . . . . . . . . 92
8. Wi-Fi Body Scale (Withings) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
9. Series 7TM (Fritz Hansen) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
10. The Modern Zip Backpack (Everlane) . . . . . . . . 98
11. LEGO Minifigures (LEGO) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
12. DYMO 1540-00 (Sanford). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
13. Ray-Ban Wayfarer Folding
(Luxottica Group S.p.A). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
14. Barcelona Chair (Knoll) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
15. Ultimune Power Infusing Concentrate
N (Shiseido). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
16. Bodega (Bormioli Rocco). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
17. Withings Steel (Withings). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
18. Apple Remote (Apple) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
19. Mac Mini (Apple) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
20. Stool 60 (Artek). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Text Page: 5
In chapters 1, 3, and 4, you can read from any
How to Use This Book page. In chapter 2, I recommend reading from
the beginning.
Chapter 1
The Appeal of Q&A with
artist
Example of
observational
Observational sketching
Sketching
Examples of observational
What’s
sketching and comments by
amazing
the artists. about the
artist Artist profile
Chapter 2
Fundamentals of
Sketching You Can
Use Right Away
This introduction on how to draw is for anyone wondering how to go about sketching.
Chapter 3
How to Observe
This chapter provides a simple introduction to materials and processing methods

used for products in our daily lives.
Chapter 4
Let’s Do Some
Observational
Sketching!
The basic observational sketching flow and samples of the author's work are
featured in this chapter.
6 O BS ER VAT IO NA L SKETCH ING

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Observational Sketching
The Appeal of
Chapter 1
Observational sketching has been embraced by many people on social media
and has become a movement. One of the intriguing aspects is that the objects
observed and the tools used will vary from person to person. In this chapter,
you’ll find an outline of the movement and some sketches by artists whose
enthusiasm jumps off the page. What would you draw? How would you draw it?
Enjoy the process as you find your own style!

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What Is Observational
Sketching?
Observational sketching means to

observe and sketch objects in your
daily life. In 2018, the spatial designer
Masatoshi Yamashita posted some
of his know-how on the web. This
led to the popularization of the
hashtag # 観察スケッチ
(#ObservationalSketching).
In observational sketching, we
observe objects in our daily lives.
All of these objects were made by
people. When we observe carefully,
time starts to flow in a way that's
different from usual. We notice certain
functions and examples of design
creativity for the first time, and the
affection we feel for the item grows
deeper. These are just a few of the
things that make observational
sketching special.
There are no detailed rules in

observational sketching—that's all
the more reason to find your own style.
In this chapter, we see how five artists
have enjoyed observational sketching
in their own unique ways.

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Five Questions for Masatoshi Yamashita, who
popularized observational sketching
Q: How long have you been doing Q: Have you noticed any changes since you
observational sketching? How often started doing observational sketching?
do you do it?
A: Instead of just looking at the appearance
A: 15 years. Sometimes I draw every day, and of things, I’ve started to hypothesize why
sometimes I don’t for several months. things turned out the way they did.
Q: What made you start doing observational Q: What do you like about observational
sketching? sketching? Do you enjoy it?
A: I started because my mentor taught me to A: For me, it’s becoming a habit and it makes
observe and record things. me happy to see a community forming
around it. With many people continuing
to do observational sketching, I look
Q: What do you usually observe? forward to even better discoveries and
inventions.
A: I observe a wide range of things, from
products to human behavior and the
environment.
Ma s a t o s h i Ya ma shi t a
Head of Offreco, a store design studio in western
Tokyo. Spatial designer for the NPO Slow Label.
As a student, he learned how to practice
observing and recording things from his mentor.
He used that to develop observational sketching
and presented it on the web.
Website: offreco.net
Ch apte r 1 Th e Appeal of Obser vational Ske t c h i ng 9

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Samp le
1 Observational Sketching by Shoichi Sato
Q: How long have you been doing Roof Fabric

y opens
observational sketching? How often do Shin e
m
you do it? chro
I love this
A: Seven months (since April 2018).
Sometimes I do it regularly, but
sometimes I don’t. At most, I do
two or three pieces a week.
Q: How do you choose what product to

draw? Is there anything you look for
t and
in particular? Brigh eyes
larg e
A: I choose objects in my daily life that
I find appealing or that move me,
or objects that make me discover
something new. I look for things that
have a high degree of perfection.
Q: Have you noticed any changes since you

started doing observational sketchings?
A: To a certain extent, I’ve started to
consider what would look good to others,
and I strive to complete drawings in a
way that achieves that. I think I’ve
become better at noticing the sense
of size of objects and creative Chr
o me
measures used in their details.
Q: What do you like about observational

sketching? Do you enjoy it?
A: It’s a task of discovering the “root
of goodness” of an object you find Cute fac
appealing, so in one sense, you get to
know yourself better as you learn about
the object. It’s also great to be able Whee
l. T
share that appreciation with others t
This shape,
when I post on social media.
in chrome!
Here’s what’s 1 Dynamic drawings that radiate with his passion for the objects he observes.
amazing about
Mr. Sato: 2 Creative use of the overall picture and the details, to guide the viewer’s attention.

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Leather Love
strap! this
Fabric
window
e
rfac
ved su
cur
Body
Bends
back
angs
nder h
The fe e a bit
uit
over q
Cute face
e is in
The engin Almos
t
e b ac k, so this
th
t o p en! illegal
ape, does n’ f
level o s
me! s
cutene Leather
luggage
Fiat Nuova 500 <Fiat>
Shoichi Sato
Design engineer. I design robots and industrial products.

I love vehicles and mecha robots.
Twitter: @satonogohan | Website: sierraworks.space

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Samp le
2 Observational Sketching by Hiyo
Q: How long have you been doing observational Q: Have you noticed any changes since you started
sketching? How often do you do it? doing observational sketching?
A: This is my 250th day. I draw every morning. A: While doing observation drawing, I happened to
notice that “observing something carefully” and
“thinking” are the same thing. Making discoveries
Q: How do you choose what product to draw? Is there about things you see often but have never noticed
anything you look for in particular? before is good training for thinking. I realized that
design starts with such efforts. My design ability is
A: I choose things that are a part of daily life, such as
still a work in progress. I feel like I’ve finally stepped
items sold at a convenience store or supermarket.
up to the starting line.
I often draw the packaging of food, beverages, and
miscellaneous goods because they usually have a flat
surface and that makes them easier to draw, even
Q: What do you like about observational sketching?
for beginners. These designs are the embodiment of
Do you enjoy it?
the knowledge and creativity these companies have.
A: I like noticing things I never realized before. Once I
start sketching, I’m engaged with the subject for at
least 20 minutes. I start to notice things I didn’t pay
attention to when I was simply using or looking at
the item, and I start to have questions. It’s fun when
I come up with convincing hypotheses that answer
those questions.
Papico (Adzuki latte for adults)
Base color: Burgundy

Main color: White
Burgundy Accent color: Gold
gradation
in the
background
What does
“for adults” mean?
• Adult-like?
• Cool in a subdued way?
Logo
Logo—impression of the product and flavor The sweetness is not reduced.
Tagline It’s not bitter.
Adzuki latte because Papico is a type of drink/ Contains dietary fiber?
ice cream
Center
Maybe it means it’s okay for adults to eat this?!
Papiko <Adzuki latte for adults> (Ezaki Glico)
Here’s what’s 1 Observations about intangible aspects such as the brand concept.
amazing about
Hiyo: 2 Ability to continue drawing every day since starting.
12 O B SERVATION AL S K E TC H IN G

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Muhi
Metal tube
Unlike plastic, it can maintain its shape.
The tube is indented according to the amount used.
Prevents backward flow of the substance and prevents
air from entering.
The nozzle is made
of plastic
(when unopened,
there is an aluminum
seal) A nozzle that doesn’t change its
Difficult to fold back
shape is easier to use. This product
It becomes flat when folded?
makes good use of the different
characteristics of the materials.
Snap Sound of
rolling
Muhi® S (Ikeda Mohando).

Muhi® S is a Type 3 drug.
Freshel BB Cream
You can hang it from a rack in a store! You have to cut

the box on the
Order of priorities (categories) side to open it!
BB moisturizing cream Top part Bottom

part
Freshel (brand)
Prevents contamination by foreign matter
Base for light makeup
Makes it clear who’s responsible
(Based on the assumption that
it will be sold as BB cream)
so g
ies
ilo hin
ph
ph atc
Sales of secondhand
An elegant gold, with a basic font
M
products
Sales to overseas
For people in their 30s and up. A

perspective that matches “light Background of the
makeup.” Communicates high quality time period
and a sense of reassurance.
Freshel Skin Care BB Cream (Moist) MD <Kanebo Cosmetics>
Hiyo
I work as a designer/output operator at a copy shop in the Hokuriku region of Japan.
Twitter: @hiyo3211

Text Page: 13
Samp le
3 Observational Sketching by chi-bit
Q: How long have you been doing

observational sketching? How often
do you do it? Curve is cute
A: It’s been more than six months. When Painting and pastel
I started, I tried to draw every day. Now Open
to aro
I do it whenever I have something I want 10 de
to draw. May 3, 2018 chi-bit @chi_bit_

in particular? A holder type mechanical pencil with 8 types of lead built in Transpa
A: I draw things that have an interesting plastic
Separates into 3 Metal
mechanism, that I can disassemble, or Metal
that are fun to draw. I want to observe
properly, so I choose from items I own.
Spring
*I imagined the lengths and shapes (couldn’t disassemble)

started doing observational sketching? 15 grooves
A: I have started to observe and notice

things more in general. I originally
started because I wanted to experience
becoming aware more often, and I feel
like I’m now able to do that quite a bit.
Mechanism for pushing
lead out + Main unit
Q: What do you like about observational At this time, this metal part comes to the front
State when nothing has been
sketching? Do you enjoy it? done (Slightly slanted)
A: It’s most fun when I realize how much
thought has gone into the creation of
Colors are visible
a product. Also, the act of drawing,

rather than just looking, often leads
to a deeper understanding and I find Selects This curve creates a
this path guiding the lead to
that exciting.
color the exit
When
Goes down pushed
to push
lead out
Here’s what’s 1 Intricate sketches that show how much she loves stationery goods.
amazing about
chi-bit: 2 Thorough graphic explanations and commentary that help the viewer understand the mechanism of the product.

Text Page: 14
Top part
of lead
Opens up
Total of 8 colors
to around
10 degrees
Metal?
Metal part. Key point: becomes slightly thinner. A part

used for
strengthening?
Transparent Silver Silver line
Gray Gray Silver line
plastic line Gray Gray
Protrusion
*I imagined the lengths and
shapes (couldn’t disassemble) Mechanism for
Top part of lead pushing lead out—
ves tip
There is
a line (line
No line
it up)
hing
t
Due to this
s been indentation,
when you
match up the
1. When you line, you can
push here push it in
deep.
Mechanism
tes a for pushing 2.The metal part becomes
ead to lead out slanted, and the lead falls
downward (In other words, as
long as you don’t push there, it
will remain covered)
Opens by
separating into
n 3. The tip changes so that three
ed You can make the
lead is pushed out, as shown
sh lead go in or out
in B
out
Multi 8 <Pentel>
chi-bit
I design and produce websites, illustrates, printed material, and more.
Twitter: @chi_bit_ | Website: chi-bit.com

Text Page: 15
Samp le
4 Observational Sketching by Kanwa Nagafuji

do you do it? Contains ganache
A: I started on March 17, 2018. When I

started, I was able to continue drawing
every day for 52 days, but since then, Developed
view
I’ve done it less often.

draw? Is there anything you look for When opened, this
in particular? part comes off
A: Nothing in particular. Basically, I

observe things I have at home that
I just happened to notice.

started doing observational sketching?
Tab for applying glue

A: Due to my job, the act of sketching itself
is something I’ve done on a daily basis
so there haven’t been any changes in
particular, but I’ve been using my iPad
a lot more.

A: I never used to spend a lot of time Glued to the other
looking at product details. It’s fun to side of this part
realize how much work was put into
the fine details.
Key point
Tab for applying
glue
Here’s what’s 1 Recreation of the packaging details using digital tools.

amazing about
Mr. Nagafuji: 2 His work communicates how observation leads to the joy of discovery.

Text Page: 16
Slightly
bulging
Might be too
many elements
Logo with
the same
thickness.
Cute.
Tab for applying glue
Rainbow-color sparkles.
Hologram PP processing
looks gorgeous.
The ganache
is delicious.
11 pieces.
The top opens wide
Stopper
Stops when it
opens around
30 degrees
Easy to take out! For some reason, it’s a different color
Look (contains ganache) <Fujiya> *No longer on the market
Kanwa Nagafuji
Designer. Representative Director of 3flab inc. I’m into work environments, efficiency, and
keyboard shortcuts. I like logo design, UI design, and motion graphics.
Twitter: @kanwa | Company website: 3fl.jp | Personal website: note.mu/nagafuji


Text Page: 17
Samp le
5 Observational Sketching by Seiji Miyazawa

do you do it?
A: When I first started, I drew every day for
two months.

in particular? Cutter
A: I choose things that I actually use and “OLFA” is engraved

like. When the subject I’m observing on each one
is something I’m fond of, that makes it The new blade Lo
more fun to sketch and it’s that much is terraced low
more enjoyable when I notice
something new.

started doing observational sketching? The groove for breaking
off goes part of the way
A: I’ve always had a habit of taking things in Gentle curve into the blade
my hand and observing them carefully,
but I think that the act of sketching has
increased the precision and quality of
my observation. Also, it’s become more
fun to take a pen in my hand and draw
pictures and color them. Slanted
Shallow “Stainless steel”
is engraved
The gap is narrow, so this
A: As I mentioned above, the biggest joy is reduces horizontal deviation
when I notice something new. It’s also of the blade
fun when I put sketches on social media
and people respond.
Here’s what’s 1 Digital coloring that conveys the texture and volume of materials.
amazing about
Mr. Miyazawa: 2 He posts on social media about things he wonders about, and that creates opportunities to share knowledge.

Text Page: 18
The spring is
probably a piece of
metal shaped like
this:
Part to insert into
the rear end of the
Reverse side main unit
They told me this
engraving indicates the
manufacturing lot! Clicks on
the grooves!
Side
Clock-like engraving
Clip
Longer in the
lower left only
Catch the protrusion Sticker

on the hole in Plastic Groove for inserting the
the blade Uneven so fingers don’t slip blade to break it off
Gentle curve
teel” Most corners

Deep Grooves for the This one is a little are rounded
clicking sound. further away.
17 total. Around 1 mm.
Extra space for making a
clicking sound as
you push it
Frame Blade + Clicking Part + Clip
Box Cutter <OLFA> *Outside of Japan, the name is SAC-1.
Seiji Miyazawa
Director and designer at 3flab inc. I do many kinds of design.
I love Adobe Illustrator and making work environments more efficient.
Twitter: @onthehead | Company website: 3fl.jp | Personal website: onthehead.com


Text Page: 19
The Artists’ Tools
As we have seen in this chapter, everyone has their own individual style of observational sketching.
This also applies to the tools they use. I asked them about what they consider important when it
comes to their tools.
“I tried out many different tools, “I started out doing analog

and I’ve settled on your average drawing, but I switched to an
ballpoint pen.” iPad drawing app."
—Masatoshi Yamashita —Kanwa Nagafuji “I use an iPad Pro and Apple Pencil.
Just as I started doing observational
sketching, my job required me to try
out many different iPad apps, so I have
tried a lot of drawing apps. I’m not good
with analog drawing tools, but a digital
device such as an iPad lets you draw
straight lines, add color, and use layers.
It also makes it easy to fix any mistakes,
so I feel much more comfortable about
drawing now.”
—Seiji Miyazawa
“I do a rough sketch using a mechanical

pencil, eraser, and ruler, and for inking, I
use a fineliner pen. When I first started,
I only used a mechanical pencil, but then
I started inking to make it look better
when I share things on social media.
Recently, I’ve been trying out new ways
“I’m not good at drawing, so I use of drawing by using fineliner pens with
loose-leaf grid paper. After I’ve drawn different thicknesses and varying the
something, I scan the paper and erase thickness of the lines I draw.”
the grid. Also, I draw lightly, so I use —chi-bit
2B mechanical pencil lead.”
—Hiyo
“Most of the time, I do analog drawing,

but I try to explore new materials and
methods as much as possible.”
—Shoichi Sato

Text Page: 20
Use Right Away
Fundamentals of Sketching You Can
Chapter 2
Observational sketching is not about how good you are at sketching. However,
when we have thoughts like, “I’m not confident in my drawing ability” or “I can’t
draw the way I want to,” drawing is no longer fun and we end up quitting. In
this chapter, I explain the basics of sketching with some key points for making
drawing enjoyable, even if you’re just starting to develop your skills. There are no
shortcuts to becoming better at sketching but the more you practice, the more
you’ll improve.
21

Text Page: 21
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Basic Posture and Equipment

1
You’ll Need
Before we start sketching, let's take a look at your posture and the environment around
you as you sit at your desk. Are you hunched over? Is your desk cluttered?
All you need to start is a piece of paper and a drawing tool such as a pencil or
mechanical pencil. You can choose any materials you like to add color. If you
like to draw with accurate dimensions, it's good to have a ruler.
Maintain You’ll be rotating the paper as you

good sketch, so make sure there are no
posture. objects in the way.
Lift your wrist so that it

touches the paper lightly,
for some stabilization to Having a stack of paper underneath
prevent wobbling. your drawing—a sketch pad, for
example—makes it feel soft when
you draw. If you’re using copy paper,
stack around ten sheets. Standard
letter-size paper is good for
practicing drawing.

Text Page: 22
Drawing a Straight Line Exactly
2
as You Intend
Let's practice drawing a straight line. Once you're able to draw a nice, straight line, you
won't need to redraw as much and that will make things easier.
How to Draw a Straight Line
STEP 1 STEP 2 STEP 3

Correct curves. Find the direction you’re good at. Rotate the paper as you draw.
Human joints are better at rotating than It takes a lot of work to be able to draw Once you’ve found the directions you’re
moving in a straight line so when we draw nice, straight lines in any direction. Draw good at drawing straight lines in, rotate
lines, they tend to curve. To draw a straight lines in various directions to find the paper according to the shape you
straight line, we need to consciously which ones you’re good at. want to draw.
correct the curve.
Practice Straight Lines to Improve Your Success Rate
STEP 1 STEP 2
Draw dark and Draw parallel lines.
light lines. Draw lines that are
Draw lines in around evenly spaced apart.
four different shades Try different lengths.
of darkness.

Connect the dots. Cross lines. Experiment with even spacing.
Draw random dots and connect Draw crossed lines. Combine parallel lines with even spacing
them with straight lines. to make squares.
Ch apte r 2 Fu n damen tals of Sketch i n g You Can Us e Ri g h t Aw ay 23

Text Page: 23
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
3 Drawing Circles and Ellipses

There are round objects all around you, from the C i rc l e
cap of a plastic bottle to the head of a screw. In
the natural world, we have the cross section of
a plant stem and the pupil of a human eye. But
as you draw them, keep perspective in mind.
Perspective is always a part of human vision;
nearer things look bigger, and distant things
look smaller. When perspective is applied to
a circular object, it looks like an ellipse. As
an example, tilt this book to see how this
circle looks. Perspective
Ellipse is applied
How to Draw an Ellipse
The tip of your pen should

land on and leave the paper
at the top or bottom of the
ellipse, where it is flattest.
STEP 1 STEP 2
Visualize. Draw softly.
Start by visualizing an ellipse and where With both circles and ellipses, having the beginning and the end
you want to draw it. Without touching of the line stand out disrupts the continuity of the shape. It’s
the paper, make circular movements with important to have “soft landing, soft take-off.” Instead of trying
your pen in the shape of the ellipse. to draw a shape in one shot, you can lightly draw the line multiple
times to find the balance.
STEP 3
Find your best direction.
Find the method that works best for you. D o n’t D o T h i s
Clockwise or counterclockwise? Start and
end at the top or bottom? The more you If the starting point and the
draw, the easier it becomes. ending point are on the
side, the ellipse will tend
to be uneven.

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Practice Circles and Ellipses
STEP 1
Practice drawing circles inside
parallel lines.
Draw two parallel lines and then draw
lots of circles touching the lines.

Practice drawing circles along a Practice drawing ellipses inside Practice drawing ellipses along a
central axis. two slanted lines. central axis.
Draw a straight line, and then draw Draw two straight lines that are Draw a straight line, and then draw ellipses
circles with that line passing through closer together at the top. Draw with that line passing through their centers.
their centers. Try to make the circles ellipses touching the lines. Draw them in different sizes, with different
the same size. degrees of flatness.
STEP 5 STEP 6
Practice drawing circles of various sizes. Practice drawing ellipses of various sizes.
Fill your paper with circles of different sizes. At the top of the paper, draw smaller and more flattened ellipses.
You’ll start to notice which sizes are easy for As you move downward, gradually make the ellipses larger and
you to draw and which sizes are hard. more circular. This is good practice for perspective drawing as well.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Understanding Proportion Through

4
Orthographic Drawing
Sketching is more than just drawing what you see. It means understanding the
shape of something you want to draw and then recreating that shape on paper.
Three-view drawings are useful for gaining that vital understanding, so I
recommend doing them before sketching.
Basic Orthographic Drawing
Top view
The three-view drawing is a method of

communicating the shape of an object. It
expresses shape in three views: front view, side
view, and top view. The number of views can be
larger or smaller, depending on whether you
want to show details on the back side, or if the
shape is a rotating body and can be expressed
with a top view and front view only.
Observe the shape thoroughly by noticing, for
example: this part is straight, this part has the same
height, the diameter of this part is two thirds of the
entire length, and so on. Three-view drawings are
also good for entering dimensions.
Front view Side view
Recreating a Shape on
Paper, Based on a
Orthographic Drawing
An o rthographic drawing is drawn with a
method called projection drawing, in which
only a single surface is viewed straight on.
This method is useful for understanding the
shape, but it does not express what is
actually being viewed. I refer to the act of
making an actual sketch as “recreating,” and
knowledge of perspective drawing, which is
explained on the next page, is useful for that.

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5 Understanding Perspective Drawing
There are various methods of expressing three-dimensional space, but the most
common one used when sketching with lines is perspective drawing. Things that
are near look big, and things that are far look small. How small should we make
them? To figure that out, we use perspective drawing.
The two photos below show the same subject (a land bridge) from different
perspectives. The walking surface and ceiling surface of the bridge are parallel to
the ground. The pillars are placed at even intervals at the same positions on the left
and right sides. When taking these photos, I made sure the camera was not titled
and I stood straight on the ground.
Two Photos Taken from Different Perspectives

C and D have the same width, but in this
Line A C D photo, C looks narrower than D
One-point Perspective
The ceiling surface and walking surface (Line A)
are parallel to the ground, but we see that these
Vanishing lines meet at a certain point. This is called the
Point A vanishing point. This photo has a one-point
perspective. The vanishing point is somewhere
along the line at the eye level of person viewing
the scene. The line connecting the pillars on
Eye level the left and right (Line B) is parallel to eye
(height of a level. The pillars on this bridge are positioned
person’s eyes) at even intervals, but in the photo, the widths
look narrower as they get closer to the
Line B vanishing point (points C and D).
Line A
Line A
Line B Two-point Perspective
What happens when we look from the side? The
There is a vanishing point of the ceiling surface and the
Vanishing Point walking surface (Line A) is now off the page.
B, where Line B What happens when we look at the bridge from
vanishes, even further off to the side? Vanishing Point A
somewhere far shifts even further from the page. Vanishing
off the page. Point B, where the line connecting the pillars on
the left and right (Line B) vanishes, appears
somewhere far, at eye level.
Line B
Eye level
Vanishing
Point A

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Understanding the Three Types of Perspective Drawing
Which method of perspective drawing should we use? The first important aspect to consider is the orientation of the
object. In the two photos shown above, we saw that changing the viewing position—also known as the orientation—of
the object resulted in a change from one-point perspective to two-point perspective. Now let's consider the orientation
of the point of view. When standing straight and viewing vertically, as in the photo above, we see a line that is parallel
to the picture plane (PP) and the ground. However, when we tilt the PP, the parallel relationship is lost, and another
vanishing point appears; this is three-point perspective drawing.
Perspective drawing is easy to understand if you think about the subject as a cube. Let's take a look at three types of
perspective drawing.
PP Vanishing point
Eye level
One-point perspective
The PP and the surface of the cube are parallel
PP Vanishing point 2 Vanishing point 1

Eye level
Two-point perspective
The PP and the vertical side of the cube are parallel
Vanishing point 2 Vanishing point 1

PP Eye level
Three-point perspective
There is no vertical relationship between
the PP and the cube
Vanishing point 3

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Practicing Perspective Drawing
STEP 1
Practice one-point perspective drawings.
For a one-point perspective drawing, draw lines from the vanishing point in the center and the
lines that express depth should all vanish at that one point. Draw boxes with various shapes.
Vanishing
point
Eye level
STEP 2
Practice two-point perspective drawings.
For a two-point perspective drawing, start by drawing a horizontal line that represents eye level.
There is depth in two directions, so there are two vanishing points, on the left and right. If they
are too close, the drawing will look distorted, so the vanishing points should be at the far ends of
the paper. Draw lines from those points, and then draw boxes.
Vanishing Vanishing
point 2 point 1

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Expressing the Structure of an Object with

6
Simple Shapes
Cube Cylinder Cone Sphere
The objects in our lives tend to be combinations of

simple shapes (cubes, cylinders, cones, and
spheres). Try stretching them, crushing them,
adding them, and subtracting them. Of course, not
all products have a basic shape, but if we break
down complex forms into simple objects, it
helps develop a much better understanding
of the shape and it also helps maintain
proportions when drawing.
The hips can
be viewed as a
cone with the
tip cut off.
Be aware of the negative

space in shapes.

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Cubes
Whatever shape an object has, you can draw a cube around it. This is called a bounding box. The
advantage of starting with a bounding box and then drawing the details is that the perspective is more
likely to be maintained. Among all rectangular solids, the cube is the hardest to draw because all sides are
the same length, and this cannot be faked. However, if you can draw a cube, you can divide it or draw
multiple cubes to use them in different ways as needed.
Identifying Cubes

Draw a plane in perspective. Find the position where it looks square. What about other positions?
The purpose of this exercise is to become Place a non-transparent paper, such as a The shape with the green lines looks taller
familiar with drawing squares in perspective. card, on the figure to the left and slide it than it is wide, and the shape with the blue
The vertical lines should be perpendicular, until you find the position where the drawing lines looks wider than it is tall. You could
and the horizontal lines should be slanted, looks square. draft the drawing accurately to make an
with the vanishing point kept in mind. exact square but because we are sketching,
we want to develop the ability to identify
squares within perspective drawing.
How to Draw a Cube
STEP 1
Draw a perspective drawing.
To draw a cube, combine a square with the
two-point perspective drawing exercise on the
previous page. It’s good to draw all lines lightly
at first. There are many ways to do this, but I
recommend not erasing the projection lines
because they have the important role of
expressing the shape.
STEP 2
Draw thick, solid lines.
Trace the projection lines to make the lines of the
cube thicker. The visible corners should be medium
thick. The external shape that forms the silhouette
should be thick, and the parts touching the floor
should be even thicker to make it look like there are
shadows in the gaps. This makes it look more like a
real object. The invisible corner in the rear and the
lines approaching eye level should be left faint.
When you have this type of contrast, it looks fine
even if you don’t erase the projection lines.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Cylinder
The next most useful shape is a cylinder. Things that rotate, such as screws and bolts, often have a cylinder
hidden in them. We can combine our methods of drawing ellipses and cubes to draw a cylinder.
How to Draw a Cylinder
STEP 1
Draw rectangular solids that the
cylinders will fit into. Eye level
In a two-perspective drawing, draw
rectangular solids (bounding boxes)
above, on, and below eye level.
Central axis
Front
Rear STEP 2
Draw diagonals in the surfaces that will be
the two ends of the cylinder, find the
center, and draw the central axis.
If it’s hard to tell which side is in front
and which is in the rear, making the
lines thicker in the front will help.
long axis
Make this part

connect smoothly

Draw two ellipses. Connect the long axes of the Perpendicular cylinders:
This drawing is in perspective, but ellipses with a straight line. If a cylinder standing perpendicularly is
keep the central axis and rectangle in Make them naturally connect cut into round slices, the long axis of the
mind as you draw a natural circle in with the ellipses and make sure ellipse will have the same length anywhere
freehand. Rotating the paper to draw the silhouette is not too angular. on the paper, but the angle of the ellipse
the ellipse in the direction you’re becomes narrower (crushed) as it
most comfortable in will make things approaches eye level.
much easier.

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How to Draw Tires
STEP 1
Draw two cylinders.
As a practical application of the cylinder, let’s draw just the part that forms the base
of the tire. First, think about the width of the car and how far apart the front and
rear wheels will be. Then draw the bounding box. In this case, it is a rectangular solid
that’s below eye level. Refer to the procedure on the previous page to draw the
diagonals, central axes, and two ellipses.
Line connecting
Center the long axes of
Bounding box Ellipse line two ellipses
Ellipse
The width of the car is the

width of three cubes. The space between the front and rear wheels is the
length of three cubes. This varies depending on the
type of car, so observe many types of cars.
STEP 2
Erase the projection lines and check your drawing.
It should look like two sideways cylinders
are rolling.
STEP 3
Think about various car shapes.
Once you have the position of the tires and the proportions,
it’s much easier to draw the car even if the shape is complex.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
How to Draw a Cone

If you can draw a cylinder, drawing a cone is easy. Start in the same way by drawing a
bounding box of a cube.
STEP 1
Draw rectangular solids that the cones will fit
into, and draw the diagonals and central axes.
In a two-perspective drawing, draw rectangular solids
(bounding boxes) above and below eye level. As with Diagonal Central
the cylinders, draw diagonals on the surfaces that will axis
be the base and the vertex, find the center, and draw
the central axis, which connects the two centers.
Vanishing Point 2 Vanishing Point 1
Eye level
STEP 2
Draw an ellipse on the base and then draw lines
(tangents) from the vertex to the ellipse.
With cylinders, all we needed to do was connect the
long axes of the ellipse, but if we did that with a cone, Ellipse Tangent
the ellipse would protrude from the silhouette. Draw
the lines with only the tangents in mind.
Spheres
A sphere looks like a circle from any
angle, so if you can draw a circle, you're A circle can also be
all set. Remember practicing circles viewed as a sphere
and ellipses, and work on drawing
accurate circles.

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7 How to Draw Organic Shapes
Some objects have shapes that are organic and cannot be broken down into
the shapes we covered above. When drawing such shapes, make the following
six checks.
CHECK 1 CHECK 4
What kind of rectangular solid is the bounding Are there any flat surfaces?
box that covers the whole object? Sometimes surfaces that are far from each other are
If the shape is complex, you can combine multiple facing the same direction. Search broadly.
bounding boxes.
CHECK 5
CHECK 2 Is there any surface continuity?
Is there any line symmetry? Slide your fingers over the object to see which surfaces
If there is, see where the center line is and what kind of are connected.
shape the cross section has.
CHECK 6
CHECK 3 If you divide the object into sections, what kind
Is it a rotating body? of shapes do they have?
If it is, think about where the central axis is and what Think about what the shape of the cross section would
kind of cross section is rotating. be if you cut the object into round slices. Think about
the relationship between that shape and the object.
Check six elements
Change in shape
SA MPLE 1 SA MPLE 2 SA MPLE 3

立体の台形を横にした形
Mushroom-like Shape
線対称になっている（対象線で切ると台形）
Hat-like Shape Rotating body
横長の直方体
回転体じゃない
1 A 3-D trapezoid placed sideways. 1 A long, horizontal rectangular solid.
線対称になっている（対象線で切るとほぼ四角形）
1 A long, vertical rectangular solid (cylinder).
平らな面がある
2 There is line symmetry. (When cut 2 There is line
回転体じゃない symmetry. (When cut along 2 There is line symmetry. (When cut along
連続した面がある
along the center line, it’s a trapezoid.) the center line, it’s mostly a square.)
平らな面がある the center line, it looks like a vase.)
輪切りにするとマッシュルーム型
3 （二つの面でサイズが変形）
Not a rotating body. 3 Not a rotating body.
上の面と下の面は連続している 3 It is a rotating body.
4 There is a flat surface. 輪切りにすると帽子型（どこで切っても）
4 There is a flat surface. 4 The flat surfaces are the top surface
5 There is a continuous surface. 5 There is a continuity from the top surface
and the base.
6 When cut into cross sections, it looks to the bottom surface. 5 There is a continuous surface.
like a mushroom. (The shape changes 6 When cut into cross sections, it looks like 6 When cut into cross sections, it’s a circle.
on two surfaces.) a hat (anywhere you cut it.)

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Draw in Separate Sections
Drawing the thermometer in the photos below may seem hard because there is no flat surface and
it can’t be reduced to a simple shape. However, there is line symmetry when it is viewed from
above, and when viewed from the side, the shape can be divided into top and bottom parts.
Square
STEP 1 Side
Check the proportions.
Line up the squares and see where
the silhouette meets up with them.
When taking a silhouette from a
photo, watch out for lens distortion. 1 2 3 4 5 6
It would also be good to do a
three-view drawing.
Top surface
Side
STEP 2
Create a surface for drawing
the side and top surfaces.
The shape fits into six squares, so
draw squares lined up in a two-point Top surface
perspective drawing to create the
side and top surfaces.
Side
Top surface
STEP 3
Plot the points of intersection.
While checking the proportions of the
side and top surfaces, mark (plot) the
points where the silhouette intersects
with the squares. Connect the dots with
lines as you check the shape of the side
and top surfaces.
If you plot from the rear in the same

way, you can draw how the object looks
from the rear. Refer to the drawing
above as you find the points of
intersections on your own.

Text Page: 36
STEP 4
Draw cross sections and connect the outline.
The pink intersection points drawn on the top surface should be
brought up to the horizontal central plane (pink plane). While
carefully considering the shape of the plane as it intersects with the
six squares, connect the dots on the blue side surface with the dots on
the pink top surface, and lightly draw cross sections in five locations.
Once you know what the cross sections look like, you can start to see
the outline of the object. Draw the outline smoothly. Make the lines Cross Section
of the cross sections that are externally visible thicker to express the
shape more clearly.
The lines that form the side surface also represent the center line of
the object divided vertically. Check the blue dots.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Rendering in a Way that Communicates the

8 Shape and Material
Rendering refers to the finishing performed on the surface of a material. By adding shadows to the sketch
and drawing texture on the surface that resembles rendering, we can make the structure look like a real
object and the shape is expressed much more clearly. In observational sketching, the purpose is to express
the shape, so I recommend limiting the number of light sources to one.
In Japanese, the word kage has two similar but different meanings. One meaning is the shaded area of an
object resulting from a lack of light shining on it. The other meaning is the shadow cast when an object
blocks light.
The part of the object not in

the light becomes shaded.
Shadow formed
by the object.
If the object is on a white

surface, bounce light hits the
shaded area and the part closer The closer the shadow is to the
to the ground becomes brighter. object, the darker it is.
Parallel Shadow and Spreading Shadow
The shape of the shadow varies depending on the light source. Sunlight comes from far away so the light rays can
be considered parallel, but light sources that are close, such as desk lights, emit light radially with the light source
at the center. The cubes below are the same size, but the difference in their shadows makes the outside one on the
left look larger and the inside one on the right look smaller.
Spreads
Parallel

Text Page: 38
Shading and Shadows of Different Shapes and Materials
I added shade and a shadow to a

cylinder lying on its side. I also drew
how it looks when the shadow of a stick
standing on the left falls onto the
horizontal cylinder. The shadow of the
stick makes the shape of the cylinder
easier to understand.
Various materials, such as

markers and chalk, can be used
for shade and shadows. See which
ones you like best.
You can express the surface finish and

the material using shading. When
rendering the surface, observe the object
carefully, especially how the light falls
on it, to understand how its color
changes. Investigate different ways of
expressing materials.
Glossy Matte
Depiction of
wood grain The shadow of the stool
surface falls on the leg.
Shadow on
the floor.
The highlight, the
part in the light
that looks bright.
Shade. The shadow is darker
when it is closer to
the object. Draw this
using gradation.

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Draw Freely and Easily
Up to now, we have covered the basics of sketching in a theoretical way, but you don't need to pay
this much attention to perspective and draw accurately every time. Observational sketching is
not technical drawing—it is sketching. I hope you'll practice often and have fun drawing freely
and easily.
However, if you're ever unsure about the line you're drawing, it helps to review the basics. Also,
during the sketching process, substituting simple shapes and understanding the relationship
between surfaces will increase your understanding of your subject.

Text Page: 40
How to Observe
Chapter 3
When observing something carefully, you may start to wonder, “Why did
they use this material?” and “How did they make this?” We can't cover
all materials and processing methods here, but this section explains
perspectives of observation using everyday objects as examples. Using
these methods to view, research, and imagine objects will help you
understand their appeal.
41

Text Page: 41
Why This Material?
Why This S hape?
The everyday objects we'll be observing are made from a variety of materials. Imagining what they're
made of and how they were processed and assembled is part of what makes observational sketching
fun. In this chapter, we'll look at five basic groups of materials including methods for observing each
one, as well as the characteristics and processing method of each material.
see page 44
see page 52
see page 56

Text Page: 42
see page 60
see page 64
Make Good Use of Search
There are more ways than simple observation to obtain product information
you can use for sketching. Internet searches, for example, can be a good way
to gather information. However, doing a search without observing first
would cause you to miss out on an important part of the experience, so you
should first observe as much as possible. Once you have figured out as
much as you can from observing, do a search to learn about the material
and processing method. Were your predictions correct? Did you discover
anything new? Obtaining information from the internet can open up new
ways of looking at things and it can also clarify things you may have
wondered about. Specification tables and images of the production site on
an official website can be particularly useful as reference information!
Ch apte r 3 How t o Obs e r v e 43

Text Page: 43
Manufacturer: Braun | Product: Alarm clock
Price: 4,800 yen ($44 USD) | Product life: ≥10 years
Observing an Alarm Clock Use: Keeps and displays time, and sounds an alarm at a
designated time
Based on the alarm clock's price and

product life, we can predict that the
exterior is ABS resin, a plastic often
used for the exterior of household
electronics. ABS resin is used for
many products because it has
excellent workability, heat
resistance, shock resistance, and it
presents a good surface texture. The
window on the front is probably a
highly transparent material such as
acrylic or polycarbonate.

Text Page: 44
PL A STIC
To be done at your own risk.

part
Taking A Clock
an Alarm
Embossing
Printing
The tapering (incline) at the front and back forms an Notice the difference in the size of the corner
important angle for removing the product from its mold. roundness. Also, there are two types of marking
It also serves as a design feature. on the back surface: printing and embossing.
We see that the front and back are separate parts, and When taking the product apart, I didn’t need to
the product is assembled like a sandwich. remove any screws. The front panel was held in place
by four tabs.
Stair-like part
Hands
The display of the clock is a thin, floppy piece of The hands of the clock each fit into a stair-like part
polystyrene with silkscreen printing (a screenprinting in the center of the board and they move in
technique) on it. It was attached to the surface of the concentric circles.
box with two-sided tape.

Text Page: 45
Easy to
m ake styli
sh!
What
Name of plastic ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene)
Kind of Number 7 (other)
Material Heatproof
temperature
70 to 100°C (158 to 212°F)
is ABS Transparency The raw material is usually a pale orange solid, so it’s rare for this to be made
transparent.
Resin? Advantages Its workability is excellent and it’s also strong. It’s easy to color and it’s also
easy to express surface texture when processing this material.
Disadvantages It is not weather-resistant and it is particularly vulnerable to sunlight. Its
chemical resistance is also a disadvantage.
Price More expensive than other plastics.
Typical examples Chassis of electrical appliance, interior panels in cars, stationery goods, etc.
What Is a Mold?
Plastics are usually processed using a mold. A mold is typically

made of metal. Material can be melted and poured into it, or
softened membrane material can be compressed into it. A mold
is used repeatedly, so it must be harder than the material it shapes
and it must be resistant to pressure and heat. The material used to
make a mold could be, for example, steel, iron, copper, or aluminum.
The material of the mold is selected according to the shape,
processing method, and the material it is used to shape. These
hard metals are carved by computer control or the like, and it
takes many hours to finish the surface, so we often hear people
say, “molds are expensive.”

Text Page: 46
about
PL A STIC
L earn nology
Let’s g Te ch
cturin
Manufa
What is Injection Molding?
This is the processing method most commonly used for mass produced plastic
products. It can be used to make complex and intricate shapes.
Plastic pellets
(granules the
size of beads) Mold
Start
Extrusion screw rotates

by a motor Heater
Melt and transfer to the mold.

While melting plastic granules, a rotating
screw injects them into the mold.
Remove one side of the mold.

The liquid plastic cools inside the mold
and solidifies.
Remove the mold from the part.

Once the part is solid, the mold is Ejector pin
opened and an ejector pin pushes out
the formed plastic part.
Adjust. Gate
Lastly, make adjustments by shaving down

the gate (the remains of where the plastic
was poured in) and burrs (the remains of
plastic that flowed into gaps in the mold).
Complete!

Text Page: 47
Manufacturer: Unilever (USA) | Product: Vaseline® Jelly
Original 1.75 oz | Price: $2.69 USD | Product life: 5 to
10 years | Use: A skin moisturizer. The container preserves
Observing a Vaseline Container the product while making it easy to take an appropriate
amount out using fingers or a small tool.
Vaseline jelly has no volatility, but

its container is likely made with a
material that is highly resistant to
chemicals. Also, this is not a single-
use product with a short life, so the
container must be durable. The
price is low, so the costs of the
material and processing method
are likely to be kept down.

Text Page: 48
PL A STIC
serve
Let’s Ob
There is a parting line on the back of the lid. A mold that There is also a parting line on the main body of the
simply separates into top and bottom parts would not container. We can tell where the mold used to make
create a parting line here, so this makes me think about the bottle comes apart. The lid is secured with a
what the shape of the mold might have been. large tab.
On the bottom, we can see Resin Identification Code 5. We can also see the text “PP 5” embossed on the inside
This tells us it is made of polypropylene. of the lid. We now know that the entire package is made
of the same plastic resin, polypropylene.
Matte finishing has been applied to the surface of the The part where the lid overlaps with the container is not
lid, but we can see that the surface treatment was not somewhere the user would usually touch, so we can see
performed on the inside. This makes sense because that burrs from the mold have been left in place.
performing surface treatment on a mold is expensive.

Text Page: 49
Sturdy a
n d reliable
!
Name of plastic PP (polypropylene)

What Kind of Number 5
Heatproof 100 to 140°C (212 to 284°F)
Material is temperature
Polypropylene? Transparency It is opaque and often colored, but when in the form of a
film, it is highly transparent.
Airtightness High
Other Easy to recycle, hard, and durable
Price Relatively cheap
Typical examples Automobile parts, toys, packaging film
What’s a Plastic Number?
With some plastics, the resin material is identifiable on first

glance, while with others, it is not. The Resin Identification Code
(RIC) was created in 1988 by the Society of the Plastics Industry
in the US, to make it easier to sort different types of plastic when
recycling. The presence of this symbol does not necessarily mean
that the item can or will be recycled, but being able to sort
materials is an important first step to recycling. The symbol is
often stamped inside the lid or on the bottom of the bottle, so you
can have some fun looking for it, like a detective. (A summary is
shown in the table on page 122).

Text Page: 50
about
PL A S T IC
L earn nology
Let’s g Te ch
cturin
Manufa
What is Blow Molding?
This is the processing method used most commonly for mass produced plastic
products. It can be used to make complex and intricate shapes.
Plastic pellets
(granules the
size of beads) Head
Start
Extrusion screw Heater

rotated by a motor
Mold
Melt and transfer to the mold.

While melting plastic granules, a rotating
screw extrudes the material toward the
Mold head. By passing through the head, the
material is formed into a pipe.
Close the mold.

Close the mold and sandwich the
pipe-shaped material.
Air
Complete!
Blow in air. Remove from the mold.

Blow in compressed air from the blow pin When the material has cooled and solidified,
to expand the pipe-shaped plastic from open the mold and remove the molded item.
the inside and press it against the mold.

Text Page: 51
Manufacturer: Bormioli Rocco | Product: Bodega 200
Price: 1,036 yen ($9 USD) for 3 units | Product life:
Observing a Cup ≥10 years | Use: Container for drinks, food, etc.
Glass is often used to make cups because

it's beautiful, it brings out the color of the
liquid it's holding, and it's safe from a
sanitary perspective. In particular, heat-
resistant glass can withstand high
temperatures, so it is used not only
for beverages but for cooking.

Text Page: 52
G L ASS
serve
Let’s Ob
At the edge, the glass is slightly thicker and is rounded. The wall surface is slightly tapered and the
This is done to make it feel nicer on the mouth. base is thicker.
The incline of the wall surface allows the glasses to be The number 21 is visible on the base. Another
stacked. The glasses are slightly uneven and this prevents cup had the number 18, so it’s probably a lot or
them from getting stuck. model number rather than a volume indicator.

Text Page: 53
The con
tents are h
ot?
No prob
lem!
Name of material Fully tempered glass
What Kind of Heatproof temperature Can withstand a change in temperature of 360°F (200°C)
Transparency Highly transparent
Material is Airtightness It is difficult to seal the opening with glass alone, so when using
as a container, a silicone ring or the like is used as a lid to
Heat-resistant increase the sealability.
Glass?
Other Easy to recycle. Compared to standard glass, it is resistant to
impact but when it does shatter due to impact or pressure, it
breaks into small pieces.
Price The raw material is cheap, but melting it requires high
temperature and high energy, so the processing is not simple.
Typical examples Furniture such as glass tables, tableware, glass walls around
skating rinks, etc.
What’s an Undercut?
Mold that separates vertically Mold in which the item
will not detach due to the
shape of the undercut
Molds are generally opened and closed by
sliding in one direction. An undercut is any
shape that prevents the piece from detaching
from the mold at such a time. It's an
important element that must be considered
when designing a mold. From the perspective
of molding, it's better to avoid undercuts but
if they can't be avoided, there are potential
solutions: increasing the types of molds, Mold in which this is
adding sliding directions, etc. However, the solved by increasing the
production of molds is expensive, so it's not number of components
uncommon for the shape to be restricted due
to the budget or the unit price of the product.

Text Page: 54
about
G L A SS
L earn nology
Let’s g Te ch
cturin
Manufa
What is Stamping?
This is used for relatively simple shapes with no undercuts. Simple glass cups that are
mass produced are probably made by stamping. In addition to glass, this processing
method is also widely used for materials such as plastic and ceramics.
Sand used
Melt and cut
to make The sand is stirred while melting it at a
glass high temperature. The syrup-like glass
will fall due to gravity, so it is cut in the
amount necessary for the product.
Start
Close the mold and solidify.
Close the mold and form soft glass.

Wait for it to cool and harden.
Complete!
Open the mold and remove.

Once hardened, remove the competed item with a suction cup.

Text Page: 55
Manufacturer: Snow Peak | Product: Titanium Single
Mug 300 | Price: 1,730 yen ($16 USD) | Product life:
Observing a Titanium Mug ≥10 years | Use: Outdoor beverage container
This is a mug for use outdoors and when

mountain climbing. It is made of titanium,
which is light and durable, because users
want to keep their luggage as light as
possible. The raw material of titanium is
easy to obtain, but it is difficult to process
it into a usable state, so it is traded as an
expensive metal.

Text Page: 56
M ETA L
serve
Let’s Ob
At the rim, the cut part of the metal is rolled so that the We can see that the handle is attached with
edge face does not stick out. spot welding (welding with pressure and heat at
a given point).
Compare the texture of the bottom with the texture of In contrast, on the side, we can see vertical lines
the side. The bottom has a matte texture and many from stretching.
particles are visible.
The handle is made by bending a stick of titanium. The titanium handle is thin and the load is applied at just
To make it fit closely against the cup, the handle was one point, so when the cup is filled and held with one
likely bent using a special tool that has the same hand, it feels a little heavy.
curved surface.

Text Page: 57
!
urable
and d
Light
Name of material Titanium What Kind

Heatproof
temperature
The melting point is 1,668°C (3,034°F), so it can withstand
high temperatures. of Material
Density
Other
4,506 g/cm3
It has low density despite having high strength. It is used for parts
is Titanium?
that need to be strong and light.
Price It is abundant in nature but it is difficult to remove the metal from
the ore and process it into a usable state, so it is more expensive
than aluminum and iron.
Typical examples Jet engines, propeller shafts, building materials, bicycles, golf clubs,
tennis rackets, etc.
Typical examples Furniture such as glass tables, tableware, glass walls around skating
rinks, etc.
Hardness of Material and Hardness of Mold
When shaping something with a mold, the type of metal used to make
the mold and the number of times the mold can be used are different
when the material is plastic or glass, which are much softer than metal,
as compared to when the material is a hard metal. Also, when making a
mold for jewelry, it's not uncommon to use soft materials such as
silicone or rubber to make the mold. In addition to the shape of the
mold, the material the product and the mold are made from are also
important factors.

Text Page: 58
about
M ETA L
L earn nology
Let’s g Te ch
cturin
Manufa
What is Drawing?
Drawing is a processing method in which metal is shaped by stretching it thin. It is only

possible with material that has viscosity, such as metal. The titanium mug was probably
made by drawing. It cannot be used to make complex shapes, but it can shape metal without
melting it, so costs can be kept down even with production in small lots and the material
can be made strong.
Hold in place.
Place a sheet of metal in a holder and
lock it in place.
Start
Stretch.
Use a press machine to press the
metal against the mold while
stretching it into its shape.
Complete!
Remove.
A shape with no folds or distortions is formed by
balancing the characteristics of the metal, the shape
of the mold, and characteristics of the press machine.

Text Page: 59
Manufacturer: Not disclosed | Price: Around 700 yen
($6 USD) | Product life: ≥10 years | Use: Holds and
Observing a Pen Stand organizes pens and other small items on a desk.
A pen stand made from wood scraps

remaining from the construction of a
kitchen. It was produced in a small lot,
so it has a shape that can be made with
simple processing.

Text Page: 60
WO O D
serve
Let’s Ob
The wood piece on the bottom is a circle when viewed The inside of the wood has a rounded edge. This is the
from underneath. Given that this was made in a small ideal shape for carving with a lathe.
lot, a wood lathe (a machine that rotates wood) was
probably used.
At the rounded shape of the base, we can clearly see The bent stainless-steel rods have line symmetry and are
where the shape changes from a straight line to a curve, the same shape. They probably only needed one tool to
so additional work was probably performed with a tool process them.
after the piece was removed from the lathe.

Text Page: 61
ss!
to proce
Easy
Subtractive Manufacturing Methods and Additive

Manufacturing Methods
Most conventional processing methods are examples of subtractive manu-

facturing, in which the item is shaped by carving away from a piece of
material that is bigger than the final form. This method is limited because it
can only create shapes that the carving tool can reach. Any other shapes
were made by combining multiple parts that were made separately. The
method of melting material and forming the shape with a mold also involves
the limitations of subtractive manufacturing because the mold itself is In subtractive manufacturing,
usually made by carving. the item is made by removing
unnecessary parts from a larger
piece of material.
3D printing, which has become common in the last ten years, is an

example of additive manufacturing, which is a processing method
in which things are added. It is not limited to shapes that can be
carved, so there is a greater degree of freedom in the shapes and
assembly that can be used. However, a shape made by addition is
not always reproducible with subtraction. Using a 3D printer to
make a prototype and then using a conventional method for mass
In additive manufacturing, production is not possible in some cases, so caution is necessary.
two-dimensional layers are
stacked based on 3D data.

Text Page: 62
about
WOOD
L earn nology
Let’s g Te ch
cturin
Manufa
What is Turning?
This is a processing method in which the material is rotated to carve out the shape. Part of this
pen stand was probably made by turning. The shape is made by subtracting from a piece of
material that is larger than the final product. There is no need to make a mold, so this is a good
method for small lot production.
Chuck
Start
Material Blade
Hold in place and carve the outside.

A piece of material roughly cut into a
polygon is placed in a chuck and rotated.
By applying a blade, it is carved into a
round shape.
Carve the inside.

By applying a blade on the inside with the piece kept
in the same state, the inside can be hollowed out.
Complete!

Text Page: 63
Manufacturer: Everlane | Price: $80 USD | Product life:
3 to 10 years | (depends on the frequency and
Observing a Backpack environment of use) | Use: Holds luggage so that

it can be carried on one’s back
This is a very basic backpack, but upon

observation, we can see that it is made up
of many parts. With products that are
sewn together, such as clothing and
bedding, it's good to observe the stitching
carefully. It's interesting to think about
the strength resulting from the stitching
and the order in which the product pieces
were assembled.

Text Page: 64
FA B R I C
serve
Let’s Ob
If we observe the stitching around the zipper, we can The bottom surface appears to have at least ten layers
see that the top side is stitched from above to hold of a substance printed on it, so that any stains can be
that part down, while there is no stitching on the wiped clean. The fabric is the same, but this part has a
bottom side. different texture.
Different types of fabric are more prone to fraying, so For parts on the surface where the fabric changes, it’s
the cut edge is processed in a different way. It could good to observe the reverse side. This part is enclosed
be stitched with a lockstitch machine or solidified with in bias tape and then stitched, to increase the strength
glue, for example. of the stitching.
The zipper handle is made of thick leather. The handle on the top is made of the same thick
leather. It’s intriguing that they used the same material
for all of parts that are held.

Text Page: 65
What Kind of
Material is Cotton
Twill?
le
o wrink
kely t
Cotton is the material, and twill is the Not li
method of weaving.
Cotton is a fabric of plant origin, made by weaving
yarn spun from the fibers of raw cotton. It is a
material used for various fabric products in our
daily lives.
Twill is a type of weave in which the weft thread
passes over 2 or 3 warp threads before it crosses,
in contrast to a plain weave, in which the warp
thread and weft thread cross each other in
alternating fashion. The most common example
of twill is jeans; if you look at the fabric closely,
you’ll see the diagonal ribbing.
Protecting the Cut Edge
If you look at the stitching on a fabric product, you can imagine the order in which the cut fabric parts
were stitched together. Many textiles (fabrics) are made by crossing warp threads and weft threads; if the
cut edge is left exposed, the fabric can fray. Fraying often occurs due to friction, so it's common to
protect the cut edge by doing a double fold to keep the edge inside, or using a lockstitch machine.
The end is folded twice to When fabrics are

keep the cut edge inside. stitched together, it’s
common to protect
the cut edges with a
lockstitch machine or
to enclose them in
bias tape.

Text Page: 66
about
FA B RIC
L earn nology
Let’s g Te ch
cturin
Manufa
What’s a Straight Stitch Made with a Sewing Machine?
Sewing machines are essential when making fabric products. The straight stitch made with a
sewing machine is the most common type of stitch, and if we look at it closely, we can see that
the structure is different from sewing done by hand using a single thread.
Start
Pass the needle through the fabric. The hook turns, bringing the
needle thread down.
The needle threaded with the needle thread
passes through the fabric and moves The needle thread is caught by the hook; as a
downward. The hook turning around the bobbin result, it forms a loop. As the hook rotates, the
catches the needle thread and pulls it. needle thread is sent under the bobbin.
Complete!
The bobbin thread is drawn in. The needle thread and bobbin
thread cross.
When the hook turns, the needle thread will
By sandwiching bobbin thread in front of
detach automatically. By pulling the needle
and behind the needle thread formed in a
thread, the bobbin thread is drawn in, and
loop, the needle thread and bobbin thread
this completes the stitch.
are crossed.

Text Page: 67
Considering the Entire Life of a Product
The products in our daily lives are created, bought, used, and consumed, and eventually they decay.
As discussed in this chapter, the people involved in their production select the materials and
processing methods based on the function, aesthetics, and cost. Another aspect to consider is the
environmental burden resulting from the production of the product.
Let’s consider the entire life of a product,

using simple shoes as an example.
We’ll start by examining the materials and processing method of shoes.
Material of the thread

u Polyester
Spun from polyester, a chemical
Material of the insole
fiber made from petroleum.
u Latex
Molded from resin harvested
from the rubber plant (latex).
Material of the upper part

u Cotton
Fabric woven from canvas cotton is
cut and then stitched together.
Material of the sole

u EVA resin
Molded using pellets (granules) of
EVA resin made from petroleum.

Text Page: 68
Let’s look at the flow from production to disposal, in the
case of the cotton used for the upper part of the shoe.
If we examine it in detail, we can see how much energy is used in each step. Naturally,
companies think about where this energy comes from when making selections.
Production to Disposal of Cotton
Necessary Resources Emission

Cotton plant CO2*
Harvest
Energy Plant Waste
*CO2 = Carbon dioxide
Energy CO2
Pulping
Water Sewage
Gasoline Distribution CO2

Each raw material has a
tree like the one on the
left. Please think about
Energy Spinning CO2 each one.
Energy CO2
Dyeing
Water, dye Sewage
Other Parts
Sole
Energy Weaving CO2
Insole
CO2
Energy Cutting
Fabric waste
Thread
CO2
Energy Assembly
Waste
Adhesive
CO2
Energy Packaging
Waste
Paper box
Gasoline Distribution CO2
CO2
Energy Sold at warehouse or store
Waste
There’s more

Text Page: 69
Considering the Entire Life of a Product
Waste from
Purchase
packaging CO2
Sewage
Use
CO2
Gasoline for Sewage

Disposal
garbage truck CO2
Environmental Friendliness Starts from Imagination
Once a product is purchased, its life is in the hands of the consumer.

When a product is useful for the purchaser and makes them happy, it
brings joy and is a reason for using Earth's resources.
However, we should not buy things we won't use, and the things we
do buy, we should use with care. All products will eventually finish
serving their purpose or deteriorate, and they will need to be disposed
of. When that day comes, we should dispose of them according to the
rules of the region we live in, with as little damage to Earth as possible.
That is the etiquette we should follow as we use things in our lives.
In observational sketching, we tend to focus on shapes and scenes
of use, but the reasoning behind product design can involve
considerations for the environment that are less visible to the
eye. When sketching, think about the path the product took
before it came into your possession.

Text Page: 70
Observational Sketching!
Let’s Do Some
Chapter 4
So far, we've looked at some examples of observational sketching, the basics of
drawing, and how to observe, including the materials something is made of and
the production methods used to make it. Now you're ready to observe and draw
objects in your daily life. This chapter explains the basic flow of observational
sketching and provides tips using actual examples.
71

Text Page: 71
1 Flow of Steps
The basic flow, from finding your subject matter to showing your sketch to others, can be divided
into four main steps.
1 2
Finding Your Subject Matter Writing Basic Notes
Find a subject for observation that One a separate piece of paper from
suits your skill level. your actual drawing, draw a rough
sketch and make observation notes.
For details, see page 74 For details, see page 75

Text Page: 72
3 4
Rough Sketching Finishing
Redraw the sketch so it Add details in pen, digitize,

communicates to others. and share.
For details, see page 76 For details, see page 77
Ch apte r 4 Let’s Do Some Obser vati o nal Ske t c h i ng! 73

Text Page: 73
1
Subject Matter
Finding Your
Choose a subject that suits your skill level.

The shapes that are easy to draw, even for beginners, are the simple shapes we practiced in Chapter 2. This includes
objects made up of rotating bodies that are cylinders, squares, and circles. The more complex the shape, the harder it is
to draw, so I recommend choosing a product made up of a small number of parts, with just a few types of material. Also,
if your subject matter is something you have to travel to to observe, it will be hard to observe thoroughly, so you should
choose something at hand. The important thing is to choose a subject matter that suits your skill level. Once you get
used to drawing, it’s fine to challenge yourself with organic shapes or by taking an object apart and drawing the inside.
Even a simple subject matter can be observed thoroughly.

Even if you think there’s nothing more to observe, you will continue to find things if you keep searching. There is no end.
Continue observing until you’re satisfied.

Text Page: 74
2 Draw a rough sketch so you can
Writing Basic Notes focus on observing.
If your objective is to do a faithful drawing, and you draw the same subject matter twice, your
second drawing will be better. Start by doing a rough sketch in a relaxed manner on a separate
paper from your actual drawing. Unlike the actual drawing, which will be viewed by others, you
can relax while doing the rough sketch, and that lets you focus on observing.
Find the angle.

As you draw, explore different angles to find one that gives the best view of the part you want
to show. This is also a good time to try using different writing utensils, to find one that suits the
subject you’re observing.
Take notes.
Take notes on everything you notice while observing. This is a rough sketch that will not be
released, so you don’t need to write neatly or spell correctly. You can look things up later for
your actual drawing. Also, if you do an internet search on your subject, you may learn the
exact size of things, the production process, and more, and that will broaden the range of
your observation.
Draw thumbnails for the layout.

Think about how you will communicate the appeal and intrigue you found during your
observations, and decide the layout. In your rough sketch, make small boxes and draw
thumbnails to decide what kind of sketches and words you’ll put on the paper for your actual
drawing. For example, you might sketch the angle you want to show the most in the biggest size
so that it stands out, and then add smaller graphic explanations around it to communicate
interesting details. This will communicate what you want the viewer to notice first, followed
by things you want them to see next; this way you can guide the viewer’s viewing.
The visible light

It’s cute how this part fits together
transmission is 15%.
snugly when folded. I love this.
In other words,
85% is cut.
High optical purity
glass lens
Double hinge to
make space
?
iber
on f
carb ate
c e t
A
on
Nyl k matte
Blac
Curved
and narrow
Injection molding followed by
The part that rests on glass polishing, and then they
tumble to make it matte?
the ears. It touches skin,
I can’t find the parting line.
so it has a good shape. A
gentle shape.
Barrel polishing

Text Page: 75
3
Rough Sketching
Lightly draw the basic perspective.
Sketch the basic perspective in pencil or light-colored pen. Having guidelines will make it easier
to sketch with little distortion.
Look at the object again, and draw.

When doing the draft, draw by observing the object again, without looking at the rough sketch
you made. If you copy the rough sketch, you will end up copying any differences from the
object that ended up in your rough sketch. Because you’ve already practiced once, you’ll be able
to draw the object more accurately.
It’s fine to draw very lightly, like this:
Rough
sketch and
notes
page 75
Draft

Text Page: 76
The circle is The teeth are a plastic blade made from plants. The same pattern is die-cut. This minimizes scraps.
#ObservationalSketching The wavy shape is connected
charming
30 mm on both ends and 30 mm in

the center are extra sharp
The V-shaped teeth cut

Aha! very well.
Completed
Sense of
If you cut from the
affinity!
center, the distance to
If you cut from the the two edges is smaller,
drawing
Option to edge, it bends easily so it cuts straight!
This paper prevents
hold the
the roll from
middle of
popping out
the box. Bumps formed by embossing are
for ease of use by the visually
Check if it’s impaired.
closed!
This part is chamfered, so the edge
doesn’t dig into your hand when you
grip it. Very nice.
Hold
here
This 3 mm tab
is amazing!
It catches on the step on the

inside of the top and it feels
like it clicks shut.
The flap holds out the end of the wrap.

It catches the wrap with special
glossy printing.
4 Draw directly in pen.

Finishing
You’ve already confirmed the composition and perspective in your lightly drawn draft, so you
can ink without any doubts. This step should be done while looking at the object.
Create even more contrast with the texture and

composition of the sketch.
On your main sketch, which you drew using the layout of your draft, add details of the material,
shade, and shadows to communicate texture. Meanwhile, do not add texture to the smaller
sketches around your main drawing; make them cartoons that explain the details to create
contrast on your page. To make your cartoons communicate clearly, you can change the
angle, enlarge a specific part, draw a cross section, or the like, according to what you want
to communicate. You can also create contrast by using color in some places while not in
others, and by varying the thickness of lines.
Digitize and share on social media.

When people see your drawings, that’s an opportunity to make new Mariko Higaki Mariko Higaki
discoveries. When you’re done with your sketch, digitize it with a

@mrkhgk @mrkhgk
The mechanism of the digital caliper was truly When I was little, the Vaseline container was
camera or scanner. If possible, use image editing software to delete eye-opening [eyes emoji]. Since I re-assembled
the caliper, the slide is stiffer than before, but
more angular and the lid would come off, but
they redesigned it at some point. I only use it as
for now it still works! lip cream at night, so even the 1.4 ounce (40 g)
shadows of dust on the paper and adjust the color. Save the file in #ObservationalSketching
product lasts forever, and I feel like it is its own
world in itself.
a size that can be shared on social media. When you post, add #ObservationalSketching
#ObservationalSketching and other hashtags related to the product,

as well as some background about your drawing and any questions you
may have; that will make it more likely that people will respond.
Mariko Higaki Mariko Higaki
@mrkhgk @mrkhgk
“Bodega glassware from Bormioli Rocco is #ObservationalSketching of the 7

cheap, durable, and can be used for many chair I use at my dining table.
things; it’s truly handy and I recommend it!”
...is what I wanted to say, but when I did an I wasn’t sure if I had a hexalobular screwdriver at
#ObservationalSketching of it, I went way home. I looked around for one, but if I couldn’t
off topic. put it back together, I would have to eat my
meals standing up, so I restrained myself.
77

Text Page: 77
2 Observing Observational Sketchings
From here, I will explain perspectives for observing subject matter and specific methods
of expressing its appeal, using actual examples. You can look at these pages in any order
you prefer.
Soy Sauce Bottle with Lid S NEW Krewrap (Kureha) BC02 Alarm Clock (Braun)
(iwaki)
Page 80 Page 82 Page 84
Digital Caliper Pen Stand Vaseline Pure Skin Jelly Original

(Unilever)
Titanium-Single Cup 300 Wi-Fi Body Scale (Withings) Series7TM (Fritz Hansen)
(Snow Peak)

Text Page: 78
The Modern Zip Backpack LEGO Minifigures DYMO 1540-00 (Sanford)
(Everlane)
Ray-Ban Wayfarer Folding Barcelona Chair (Knoll) Ultimune Power Infusing

(Luxottica Group S.p.A) Concentrate N (Shiseido)
Bodega (Bormioli Rocco) Withings Steel (Withings) Apple Remote (Apple)
Mac Mini (Apple) Stool 60 (Artek)
Page 116 Page 118

Text Page: 79
Observational sketch by Mariko Higaki
Soy Sauce Bottle with Lid S (iwaki)
! Covering up the air hole

with a finger gives even
more control
Every shape has a reason.

I didn’t notice the wall around the air hole
until I observed the bottle. I thought about
the product in use and hypothesized that the
wall is to prevent soy sauce from coming out
of the air hole when the bottle is turned over.
Even though I’ve been using this for ten
years, there are so many things I don’t know.
It pours in such a
thin line! Great!
The effect of drawing a hand using

the subject.
By including a hand using the soy sauce
bottle in the drawing, we can not only
show how to use it, but also express the Only the “i” is thick
The x-height is high
scale of the object in an intuitive manner.
Somewhat extended,
A unique “w”
with contrast
These are both old logos, different from what they currently use.
Notice the difference in the hardness
of the plastics.
#ObservationalSketching
I thought the hard nozzle and soft silicone
might be made by multiple molding (a
method of molding different types of plastics Soy Sauce Bottle
into a single part), but when I pulled on them,
they came apart easily, making it evident
that they are separate parts.

Text Page: 80
The first observational sketch I did was a soy sauce bottle made by iwaki that I've used for more than 10 years.
I like how it lets you pour a thin line of soy sauce in an appropriate amount, exactly where you aim. I chose it
for my first observational sketch because the shapes and materials are not too complex.
Sealed with three tiers

of silicone
The glass
curves in at
the middle
Wall on the
inside of the
air hole
“2” marked on the inside.

HDPE. Hardened Is the clear lid is made
polyethylene. of polystyrene?
Injection molding.
Separate parts
Groove for
silicone to
Good shibo
fit into
embossing
Soft silicone
Blow
molded
glass
This droopy curve It’s clever how this text is

here is so cute. invisible when you put soy
sauce in the bottle.

Text Page: 81
NEW Krewrap (Kureha)
! The circle is
The wavy shape is connected
charming
Cross section view makes the structure

easier to understand.
This small 3 mm tab functions as a stopper
to keep the top from opening on its own.
Mechanisms can be hard to show with an
overall view, so explaining with a simplified Sense of
cross section view will make it easier affinity!
to understand.
Option to
hold the
! middle of
the box.
Check if it’s
closed!
Notice repeated shapes that are

like a puzzle.
A sheet of plastic wrap is cut in a teeth
pattern. The shape is repeated even in parts
that don’t cut the wrap. They do this to
minimize scraps.
Draw a center line to express

the chamfering. It catches on the step on
By lightly drawing a line that passes through the inside of the top and
it feels like it clicks shut.
the center, the change in the surface is
expressed. Chamfering is a new surface
formed when a right-angled edge is cut away.

Text Page: 82
When I'm overseas, I find clear plastic wrap to be very difficult to use and I was thrilled to rediscover
how easy it is to use the wrap in Japan. In particular, New Krewrap makes fine improvements
almost every year.
s The teeth are a plastic blade made from plants.

The same pattern is die-cut. This minimizes scraps.
The 30 mm on both ends and 30

mm in the center are extra sharp
The V-shaped teeth
Aha!
cut very well.
If you cut from the

center, the distance
If you cut from the to the two edges is
edge, it bends easily smaller, so it cuts
straight!
This paper prevents
the roll from
This part is chamfered, so the edge popping out
doesn’t dig into your hand when you Bumps formed by embossing
grip it. Very nice. are for ease of use by the
visually impaired.
Hold
here
This 3 mm
tab is
amazing!
The flap holds out the end of

the wrap. It catches the wrap
with special glossy printing.

Text Page: 83
BC02 Alarm Clock (Braun)
R3
R5
Simplify the color to express the shape.
When depicting the surface, there is no need to
recreate the color as is. This clock is black, so if I
colored it exactly the way it looks, that would limit
the expression of shade and shadows, and it would
look flat. That’s why I intentionally used colors
The symbol and arrow
several shades lighter to express it. are embossed so they
can’t be rubbed off. No
language barrier.
!
R1
The draft angle is used to good

effect. The display faces slightly
When drawing an exploded view, think about upward, making it easier to see.
what you want to show.
In an exploded view, the disassembled parts are
placed as though they moved perpendicularly due
to an explosion. It’s also common to draw an
isometric view (a drawing in which the axes of the
width, height, and depth of a solid intersect equally
at 120-degree angles), so that the relationship
between the parts is easy to understand. However,
drawing in perspective is more fun because it better
expresses an exploded state.
The grid is wider in this section only (golden ratio?)

!
Discoveries can be expressed with a

orthographic drawing.
It would be a waste to think of orthographic
drawings merely as a place to blandly note
dimensions. If you notice anything special about
the dimensions, I recommend adding comments I like this logo, so I worked extra hard on it.
next to the orthographic drawing, to make it
easier for the viewer to understand.

Text Page: 84
For my first sketch of an exploded view, I drew an alarm clock made by Braun. By making many
sacrifices, I learned that when taking a product apart, it's important to know when to stop to avoid
breaking it permanently. In this case, the alarm hand has been out of position since I put the clock back
together, but the clock still works.
The transparent
plastic is acrylic.
Alarm Clock
The combination
of different The case is injection-
roundnesses is molded ABS.
superb! Good Matte shibo
shape that embossing and
matches the rounded edge
material.
Only the alarm hand is glossy. There is no
edge roundness, so there is a clear
contrast with the other hands.
Part for the corners to

touch the wall
Floppy polystyrene
SUS plate that The hands fit into

connects the different levels.
battery and board. The tab on the cover
fits in here and keeps it
closed
Second hand
Minute hand
Hour hand
The clock face is Alarm
taped to this
surface so it Clock face
doesn’t flop
around.
Sets the alarm via
Board is 2 mm thick a gear
To the nozzle
Detailed matte shibo
embossing
AA battery
* SUS: Steel Use Stainless * R: Curvature * Shibo: A wrinkly pattern formed on the surface of metal and the like

Text Page: 85
Digital Caliper
Looks like you can

The mm inch
! button is a savior
do numerical
monitoring if you
connect to a
terminal.
Digital caliper
A Playful Title
My exploded view (a drawing of the parts
disassembled and moved perpendicularly) Integral molding of a conductive
filled up the whole page, and I couldn’t polymer and silicone
include an overall view or a scene of use,
so I decided to put one here.
Squish
! Stick
Squish
Floppy silicone for

Stick preventing dust from
accumulating in
the encoder
Drawing movable parts side by side
to show the movement.
Drawing the same part side by side and
showing the changes, like stop motion
photography, will make it easy for the
viewer to understand how it moves. I
also used sounds like squish to express
the softness.

Text Page: 86
This caliper (measuring instrument) indicates length in a liquid crystal display. I used to think it was somehow
wrong to use these, but when I started living in the US, I had trouble using inches and this was a big help
because I could switch between millimeters and inches with the push of a button.
The case is injection-

molded ABS
Aha!
This electrostatic capacitive

The reverse side of this encoder, which looks like a
board is amazing keyboard, reads a pulse built into
the board with a relative value
Stopper to
STAINLESS prevent it from
HARDENED coming apart
Strengthened by baking?
Traces of welding
Inch screw #1 x 1/32

fastened from the
reverse side with 4 of Digital caliper
these screws

Text Page: 87
Pen Stand
!
Pen Stand
Lightly draw some small items. They’re the same part,

so only one jig is
If you lightly draw the small items used to needed to bend the
explain the subject of observation (in this SUS rods.
case, pens), they won’t stand out too much
as you show the use of the product.
! The wire frame gives

a light feel to the
overall appearance.
Draw the wood grain in colored pencil.

To express the wood grain, I used a Copic
marker to roughly create the texture of the
wood and then I used two different colored
pencils to add wavy lines on top, according to
the shape of the product.
Subtle changes in curvature.

The structure of the surface can give hints
about the method of production. Discoveries
related to curvature are easier to show using a
cross section view. After I posted this sketch
on Twitter, someone commented: “They
probably used a router (tool) to remove
the chuck markings from the lathe (the They use wood scraps
impression left from when the item was from a factory that makes
affixed to the lathe).” kitchen items

Text Page: 88
This is a pen stand designed by the French designer Pauline Deltour. I like it because you can see the pens well
and it's easy to place short things such as erasers on it.
Stuffed full
Mine is always
this packed.
The same values are used

repeatedly, so there’s a
sense of cohesiveness in
the proportions
You can easily place an Carve the outer and Detach the part and use Drill 4 holes for the
eraser or sticky notes on it inner surfaces with a a router to round the SUS rods to be
from the side, so it’s very lathe edge of the base inserted into
convenient!
The roundness of the base is a shape that

a lathe could make, but a boundary is
visible where the straight line turns into a
rounded edge, so they probably used a
router to remove the chuck markings
from the lathe.
* Router: A tool that rotates at high speed, used to make holes or carve an item. * SUS: Steel Use Stainless
* Chuck markings: Impressions left by the part that fastens the material to the lathe

Text Page: 89
Vaseline Pure Petroleum Jelly (Unilever)
! #ObservationalSketching
The logo goes from thick to thin,
but the indentation in the

lid is thick in the middle
Think about the product on display
in a store.
If you think about package design not just
from the perspective of using the product,
but also how it looks on display in a store, as Only the top
well as efficiency during transport, you may surface is
make some surprising discoveries. lightly arched
Change
in rhythm
!
Concentric
arcs
How to express the mold?

The slight protrusion formed by the boundary
The sides have a gentle
between the two parts of the mold is called a
curve. There are edges
parting line. It was interesting to imagine the in the front and back.
shape of the injection mold based on the
parting line on this container, so I wanted to Arcs on the top and
sketch it, but it was hard to express. I used bottom for unified
different colors to show the direction the mold This notch branding.
makes the lid
moves in when it comes apart.
snap shut.
Use gradation to express the

translucent feel.
When expressing the blue lid with a
translucent feel, I only had one shade of
The parting line is in
blue that would be suitable, so I diluted it the center.
and colored in multiple layers.

Text Page: 90
I use this Vaseline every day, but when I did an observational sketch, I was surprised to find there was so
much I didn't know about it. In particular, trying to imagine the mold based on the parting line on the lid
was an exercise that really made me think.
Parting line
Aha!
When turned over
Having the top surface mostly flat makes
it easier to stack when on display in a
store, and the indentation lines up with
the protrusion on the base for a perfect
fit!
Polypropylene injection
molding
This type of split is the
reason why the tapered
Parting line spots on the top and
bottom line up with
each other
If the split didn’t create

a parting line on the
surface, the shape
would be like this
and it would lack
continuity.
Gradual curve. I like how

your fingers can reach
every last bit of cream.

Text Page: 91
Titanium-Single Cup 300 (Snow Peak)
!
Titanium
Light and strong
Titaniu Is t
m
Cup 3 -Single Ce
00
Observe the characteristics of the

material itself.
I wondered: “Titanium is light and sturdy,
so why isn’t it used for more things?”
When using a rare material, researching
the characteristics of the material itself
can lead to discoveries about many
different intentions.
!
When I hold it with three fingers
out of habit, this part digs in and
hurts a little. It’s wide enough to
hold with four fingers, so I’ll do
that from now on.
Add highlights in white pen.

When the surface has a glossy mirror finish,
we add a sharp highlight. Another way to
do this is to color around (avoid) the
highlight part, but using a white pen to add
the highlight creates more of a contrast.
It looks like there is
no surface treatment
and it emits a dull
! luster unique to
titanium.
Draw the gradation of shadows with

ruled lines.
A shadow is darker and has a clearer outline
close to its object, and the outline becomes
blurred as it gets more distant from the
object. Drawing ruled lines with different
widths between them to create gradation
will make it look real.

Text Page: 92
The best thing about the Snow Peak titanium mug is that it's light. Even if you're drinking the same
thing you always do, using this mug after a good hike in the mountains makes it taste much better.
This is not just an

ordinary asterisk!
It has point
symmetry but not
line symmetry.
Is this a modified
Century font?
The heat conduction is

poor, so the liquid doesn’t
cool quickly
Congratulations on 60 years!
This part is curled and the

soft touch on the mouth
makes things taste good.
Only
Titanium
Light and
Bent titanium rods.
strong!
Fingers fit nicely and
when the handle is
folded, it lines up
It’s an abundant material, perfectly with the cup
but it’s very hard to produce
pure titanium so it’s an
expensive metal.
Is the logo added with laser

processing?
A titanium plate was processed
by drawing.
The shape is simple, but the material
is hard and doesn’t stretch easily, so
this requires skilled craftmanship
Fits right into the Titanium-Single
Attached by spot welding in 8 places
Cup 450, so it saves space when
carrying luggage

Text Page: 93
Wi-Fi Body Scale (Withings)
! Glass 6 mm thick
Fat Muscle
These parts are

positioned
High Low concentrically with
the rounded corners.
Glass conducts electricity.

Ω is a symbol that represents electrical
resistance. The magnitude of electrical
resistance indicates our body fat level. I
always wondered how this scale measures
this, because it displays the body fat
percentage but doesn’t have any metal part
that touches your skin. I used a tester and
discovered that a slight electrical current is
running through the surface of glass.
There is 1.2 mm of
! chamfering on the top and
bottom of the glass
This prevents injury and

the surface picks up
the light and
looks good.
Classic expression of glass surfaces.

The diagonal highlight is a classic method of The base is ABS
expressing a glass surface. You won’t see with silver paint.
this on an actual piece of glass, but I used This part moves, making it
this expression to make it easy to possible for your body weight
understand that this is glass. to be measured.
Fat Muscle
High Low

Text Page: 94
This is a body weight and body fat scale with an internet communication function. This is probably
the first IoT product (product with internet communication function) in my home. For six years, it's
been measuring and recording my family's body weights.
You can insert #ObservationalSketching

USB here and set
up Wi-Fi
I’ve been using this for more

When the cover opens, than six years.
Toggle switch for
we see four AAA
kilograms, stone, and
batteries
pounds.
The metal part in the center has

the unique shine of something
processed by turning
This uses bio-electrical impedance analysis (BIA) to measure body fat

percentage. I used a tester to measure that a current of around 0.36
V is running through the surface glass. I never knew that glass
conducts electricity.

Text Page: 95
Series 7TM (Fritz Hansen)
!
7TM Series chair
Expressing complex surfaces with

contour, shade, and shadow.
Organic shapes require the use of contour,
shade, and shadow, so I drew it several
shades darker than the actual white color
of the chair. You can also color the back
surface to bring out the whiteness.
!
These curves
look great. This shape makes it
comfortable to sit in.
Adding some history to the scene

of use.
When your diagram showing the
dimensions is also a scene of use, it
can make for an interesting picture. In
this sketch, I included some historical
gossip I read about when I was looking
up the chair.
The legs are chrome-plated steel.
Hard plastic. Is it ABS?

Text Page: 96
The 7TM chair I use at my dining table is the Danish designer Arne Jacobsen's masterpiece.
I couldn't take it apart, so some of this exploded view is based on what I imagined.
In 1963, this photo of Christine Keeler,

How ironic that the who was in the media spotlight due to
chair she was sitting the Profumo Affair, attracted a lot of
on was a cheap attention and made the chair famous.
copy.
Said to be
influenced by the
Eames LCW
9 boards are processed by

3D press molding. There
is a layer of cotton
between them
n.
Transparent
plastic. Is it
polycarbonate?
A steel pipe is
The plywood is cut sandwiched by
into a circle and upper and lower
flattened plates and then
welded.
Hexalobular hole
Is the gray resin

ABS? Prevents
scratching when
stacked.

Text Page: 97
The Modern Zip Backpack (Everlane)
!
Fits a MacBook Pro 15 inch
Protects your laptop

with a material that
seems like Neoprene.
This is the only partition
you need inside!
When drawing yourself, make use

of a photo.
I’m not good at drawing people, so I
often use the timer on my camera and
pose for pictures to use as reference.
It’s much more fun to draw from a
photo, so I recommend trying this.
! Opens wide.
The inner fabric is light gray, so
it’s easy to find things!
It holds so I’m 5'1" (156 cm) tall, and

much, it was the backpack is small
the only bag I enough that it doesn’t make
needed on a me look like a snail.
Creative way of showing the inside. two-night trip
To show the inside of the bag, I drew a to Shanghai
slightly exaggerated three-point
perspective from above, looking down
into the bag.
Fabric: $9.79
Metal parts: $8.62
Labor: $9.18
Customs: $1.75
Shipping: $4.85
+) $34.19
This is the actual cost,
according to their ad,
and they sell it for $80.

Text Page: 98
Everlane is a brand that is transparent about their manufacturing process. They disclose how much
they spend on each part. Their backpack is the perfect size for carrying a laptop, so it's my favorite.
There’s a thick cushion

for the laptop on the
back as well.
Thick and soft.
Doesn’t dig into
your shoulders.
Cotton twill with water repellent

finish, so it’s not too casual. Dust
and lint tend to stick to it, so I
frequently clean it with a roller.
The outer pocket opens wide

and can fit many things.
11 layers of silkscreen. Don’t need to worry about the floor being dirty. There
is little friction, so there is little damage to clothes.

Text Page: 99
LEGO Minifigures (LEGO)
Obtain new perspectives by

comparing.
If you notice the angle of the
wrist and the curve of the hand The stopper has a good shape.
and compare them with your daily
The clear parts are polycarbonate
life, you might discover the reason (other parts are ABS).
for that shape.
Polycarbonate pieces tend to stick to
each other due to friction welding, so
apparently you’re not supposed to
assemble them together
!
Parts that come off and parts

that don’t.
With LEGO people, you can take
parts off and have fun making
different combinations, but some
parts will absolutely not come off Fixed fitting
once you’ve assembled them (this
is called fixed fitting). The degree
to which these parts are non-
removable is quite powerful. You
would probably need to break the
piece to take it apart.

Text Page: 100
LEGO Minifigures have been popular around the world for more than thirty years. On first glance,
the body looks like a robot, but it gains human-like characteristics with the angle of the wrist and
the like, and I find this interesting.
person
The way the axes are

misaligned is similar to a
human hand.
This curve gives the hand a

certain expression.
Because there’s a protrusion that

catches, there has to be a notch to
make it possible for the piece to
pass through the hole.
The arm has a fixed fitting.
Notch
Tapered to match the

This notch makes it shape of the upper body
Catches
possible to force the
piece in.
*Fixed fitting: When a piece cannot be opened or detached once it is attached.
Ch apte r 4 Let’s Do Some Obser vati o nal Ske t c h i ng! 10 1

Text Page: 101
DYMO 1540 (Sanford)
! You need to squeeze it

quite tightly.
Stick the tape right on.

I stuck the tape right onto the page.
The tape is glossy, so I wondered how it
When you push, it embosses.
would look when scanned. I was glad to
find that it came out closer to its actual When you let go, a spring makes it
state than I expected. return to its original position.
At this point, it catches on the cam and
the tape is reeled out.
!
The position and

orientation of the type
and dial face are not
lined up.
Expand any parts that are too
detailed to draw thoroughly.
The mechanism of the label maker
was quite complex, so I used two types
of color pen. For detailed parts, it’s
better to just go ahead and expand Di
them rather than working extra hard
to draw them small.
! 39 characters
Mystery of the square indentation.

When I drew this, I couldn’t figure out g
chin An actual piece of tape!
why this indentation exists, but someone ket
nalS
on Twitter told me that there’s another
rv atio
version that has a feed dial there. bse
#O It’s a monospaced font, and
you can’t control the number
of characters per line, but
there’s a certain charm to it.

Text Page: 102
The label maker I usually use is a classic Dymo. It presses plastic tape made of vinyl to add
embossed text. I like how the stamped text comes out irregularly and imperfect.
The embossing happens here.

Selected character The rotational axis of the dial
face shifts to avoid the tape.
The cam makes a clattering sound as

the tape is reeled out.
What is this square indentation

for? When I hold it, my thumb fits
nicely there. Is that what it’s for?
Handle for embossing Rotates around

Great force is applied the axis
to the tip.
Dial face
Tape
Type
Retro marble
pattern shibo
embossing
The hold is
positioned over the
edge. That’s pretty
funky shape design.
* Shibo: A wrinkly pattern formed on the surface of metal and the like

Text Page: 103
Ray-Ban Wayfarer Folding

(Luxottica Group S.p.A)
When folded, it
fits snugly, and
that’s cute.
For organic shapes, connect the

contours.
Organic shapes may seem hard to draw,
but if you understand the contour of the
cross section of each part and connect
them, it will look realistic.
!
These two
curves fit
together.
If you include thickness in the

drawing, the structure will be clear.
There are many overlapping frames at
the place where the sunglasses fold
The case is small, so that’s
so it’s hard to understand, but if you
good. The flap is held in place
express the thickness of each frame, with a magnet, so it won’t
it won’t look strange. open on its own.
Double hinge to
make space
The king of eyeware

manufacturers,
Luxottica.

Text Page: 104
I drew folding sunglasses made by Ray-Ban. I find these very useful because they don't take up a
lot of room in my bag and the frame is light because it's nylon.
Indentation
The shape of this part

that rests on the ears.
It touches the skin, so
it has a gentle curve.
High optical purity glass lens
G – 15 The cross
The visible light section looks
transmission is 15% like this
Green
The hinge is nylon All 6 screws are the

but it’s integrated same. Special screws
with the frame and made of SUS.
arm, so it’s sturdy
I think this mark was left by

an ejector pin, so this might
be injection-molded nylon.
But I don’t see a parting line.
Did they polish it off?
The matte surface might be
prepared by barrel polishing.
I like this retro American style.
*Barrel polishing: A method of polishing by placing the workpiece into a container with a polishing agent and polishing by means of rotational movement
and/or vibration.

Text Page: 105
Barcelona Chair (Knoll)
Find relationships between numbers.

Mies was austere, and it’s interesting to
see how this is often expressed in the
dimensions of his work. If something looks Technical drawing in which
like it might be the golden ratio, it’s fun to the curve of the side view of
actually measure it to check. the frame is simple
* The golden ratio (approximate value)

is 1:1.618
!
Each belt has two
The back belt comes Phillips-head
from outside and screws.
around toward the The belt on the
inside. seating surface goes
on top and around
the outside.
Surprisingly, it fits right into a
square box.
It looks long horizontally, but when I
measured it, I found that the bounding
Alternates
box is a square box. When I drew other
chairs in this sketch, I drew a square box
first and then filled in the details.
Use a colored pencil to express The screws are

glossy leather. skillfully hidden.
When leather is used for a long time, it
becomes glossier, and the gloss is
complex. I made sure to clearly draw the
different shades of darkness with a
single black colored pencil.

Text Page: 106
The German architect Mies van der Rohe designed the Barcelona Pavilion at the Barcelona
International Exposition in 1929. This chair was designed at the same time. I did this observational
sketch in the library at my alma mater.
Surprisingly, the dimensions are 29.5 x 29.5 x 29.5 inches (750 x 750 x 750 mm)
Beauty from
behind
It looks long horizontally.

This is an amazing illusion
that occurs because the only
straight lines that span the entire
length are horizontal.
Thin piping made from

leather. Elegant.
The back cushion has the golden

ratio
Stainless steel frame with

a cross section of 30 x 10
mm. Mirror finish.
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe designed this in 1929 for the king
of Spain to sit in if he became tired at the German pavilion at
the Barcelona Expo, but apparently the king never had the
opportunity to sit in it.
*The size in the sketch is different from the current product. The current size is 29.5 x 30 x 30 inches (750 x 770 x 770 mm)

Text Page: 107
Ultimune Power Infusing

Concentrate N (Shiseido)
PP containing
pink pearl
Red chrome
Vacuum deposition
Gradation and mirror surface. on ABS
Transparent gradation and mirror surface (The inside is a
separate part made
processing are elaborate processing
of PP)
methods and it’s quite difficult to express
them in a drawing. I used Copic markers,
white pencil, and white pen because I
wanted to challenge myself with the
expression of this material.
!
It looks like it’s curved toward the
rear, but the horizontal silhouette
also has line symmetry! That’s why it
doesn’t fall when you put it down.
Using a graphic explanation for

discoveries about the processing
method.
I think the silver text printed on the
curved surface was done with hot
stamping, which is a method where silver
foil is transferred to a surface. To print on
the curved surface, they probably rotated
the bottle.

Text Page: 108
The Shiseido Ultimune packaging looked interesting, so I did an observational sketch. It turned
out like a “new type of review of cosmetics” that doesn't mention the sensation of use or effect
at all.
The inside is injection-

molded ABS.
The outside is Shiseido’s camellia
Glossy due to injection-molded logo is embossed.
electroless plating or PCTA with red
vacuum deposition. gradation paint.
A shiny mirror surface.
The PP parts are

shiny too.
Heating plate
The corner is the most
Plate
attractive feature.
Silver foil
Bottle
Squeeze
Rotate
The thickness is not uniform. A
mirror surface inside transparent
gradation is the most difficult
thing to render.
Hot stamping along the

curved surface
Pressed and blow-
molded glass, and then
red gradation paint is Shiseido Ultimune
applied
*PCTA: PCTA resin. A type of plastic. *Chrome: A type of metal

Text Page: 109
Bodega (Bormioli Rocco)
These dishes can be used for so many

! different things!
Reflection and refraction of light.

The reflection and refraction of light
created by glass and water is quite
complex, so I kept very still as I
Seems like it’s made like this:
reproduced it in the drawing.
Soda ash
Silica sand
lime
Start by calculating the numerical

values you can measure.
Even though I didn’t have an angle meter,
I calculated the angle of the incline using
numerical values I could measure, such as Whoosh
width and height. It reminded me of the Melt at 1500°C
trigonometric functions I learned about (2732°F)
in school a long time ago.
As soft as
Cut where it
! syrup
comes down due
to gravity
Pull out from the

Press molding mold with a suction
cup
Watch videos to research
processing methods. Plop
Bormioli Rocco’s official YouTube Squeeze
channel has videos showing the
manufacturing process at their factory,
so I studied them. Observing materials
that are new to me broadens my
knowledge and I enjoy it. Tapered for this
reason

Text Page: 110
This is from the Bodega series sold by the Italian glass manufacturer Bormioli Rocco. It's a small
size. It can be used for many different things, such as drinks, cold dishes, and desserts.In my home,
we put twelve of them to full use.
Cold dishes Desserts
Potato salad, etc. Yogurt

Ice cream
It’s heat-resistant, so it
can also be used for
caramel custard.
Beverages 4-degree taper
Table wine
Whiskey Other
Water
Mixing seasonings
when cooking
When stacking,
three is the limit.
If you stack more,
they’re hard to
carry due to the
weight.
The edge is melted

Bake and then cool to strengthen. with a burner to
make it round.
Hot!

Text Page: 111
Withings Steel (Withings)
There is a gentle shift in the thickness of the band.

Band length 235 mm
Use graphic explanation to
communicate discoveries.
I noticed that the tip of the minute hand
is gently curved to avoid the dome shape.
Using graphic explanation to explain even
just one part makes it much easier for
the viewer to understand.
The lines on the

dial face are
hairline thin and
! very delicate.
Thickness
Percentage 11.5 mm
of target
step count
Use highlights to show differences Width 18 mm

in finishes.
The way you add highlights for light
shining on stainless steel with a chrome
plating finish is very different from when
you’re drawing the same for silicone with
a matte finish. By depicting these
surfaces differently, you can express the
difference in textures of the materials.
14 holes at
5-mm
intervals
* Shibo: A wrinkly pattern formed on the surface of metal and the like. Matte
shibo has a matte finish.

Text Page: 112
On first glance this looks like an ordinary watch, but it's an activity recording device. I've always
liked analog watches, so I got this mainly for how it looks. I like how it displays accurate time as it's
synched with my smartphone.
I changed the batteries that lasted for seven months after I made
the purchase.
Trapezoid It’s a smartwatch that’s not too smart. It’s

cover Aha!
just right.
There is an O-ring
There’s a black
box inside the If you look carefully, you
black ABS can see that the second
hand is curved to avoid Dome-shaped
the dome. acrylic picks up
dull light.
ss
Stainless
steel
Pattern to prevent
sticking to your skin
When you move the

notch, the pin inside
moves. The band can be
changed easily.
It has classic details,

but there is no
winding knob.
Graceful silicone with

matte shibo embossing
*In September 2018, the brand changed from Nokia to Withings. The product I sketched from was sold under the Nokia brand.

Text Page: 113
Apple Remote (Apple)
!
Amazing assembly
The board is slipped in and the

button is put in from above as
a fixed fitting
Cross sectional graphic

explanation for the undercut.
The hollow part of the chassis is called
an undercut (see page 54) and is a
shape that can’t be made with a small
number of molds, but it seems that this
undercut is carved out with a special
drill head. This sort of thing is easier to
understand when it’s explained simply
using a cross section view.
Show the assembly process in a

separate illustration. ple
Ap mote
I drew the relationship of the position Re
of the parts in an exploded view, but it’s
not possible to show the assembly
process in that drawing. I added a
sketch to show how it’s assembled.

Text Page: 114
When I first held this in my hand, I didn't see any seams or joints anywhere, so I couldn't figure out
how it's assembled. With electronics, it's common to have a chassis that splits vertically, with the
electronic parts placed inside like a sandwich, but this remote is not like that.
Amazing processing
Carved from an extruded piece of aluminum
A special disc-shaped drill head like this

is used to undercut from above and below
to make a tunnel
This is Unibody!
Battery port
Concave surface
It’s filled solid here so the

center of gravity is low and it Convex surface
feels good in your hand.
Your thumb fits

into this
indentation
perfectly.
Pearskin finish.
It’s so beautiful, it’s mesmerizing.
They make it quite glossy first, and
then apply a pearskin finish to
make it uniform.
CR2023
button
battery
This battery cover was also made

by carving out a piece of
aluminum. The shape matches the
curve of the body.
*Pearskin finish: Surface treatment that gives a metal surface a grainy texture.

Text Page: 115
Mac Mini (Apple)
! #ObservationalSketching
Top
The black parts are colored in
different levels of darkness.
Even if a part looks pitch-black, if you
color it completely black, it will look flat,
so it’s good to start with gray and then
gradually add shade and shadow to make
it darker. To show details, make it a few
shades lighter. In this drawing, I wanted
to emphasize the blackness, so I
intentionally made it darker
Front
You don’t need to fill every

section in.
The cover on the back is actually
black, but I wanted the focus of
the page to be on the black board
pulled out toward the bottom, so I
intentionally left it as a line drawing Rotate to lock into the grooves in the top and
bottom of the aluminum chassis.
with no texture added.
A pin like this keeps

it from rotating on
its own.

Text Page: 116
This is a small computer you use by connecting to a display. When I took it apart to replace the
hard drive, the beautiful parts such as the black board blew me away.
TR6
ToRX
Security
Stamped SUS
The cover fits onto a

A piece of aluminum A6063.
screw with a spacer.
I don’t see any tool marks on
the inside, but this piece
probably has a lot carved out
of it too.
The screw passes through

the gap and goes to the
suction port of the fan.
This is the
bottom face so
it’s not usually
visible, but it’s
connected with
a beautiful
curved surface.
It’s amazing how there’s

zero catching on the
boundary between the
aluminum and resin when
you close it.
It’s so beautiful, it made me

mumble a strange poem
Pull-out comparing the black board to
assembly a night view.
*SUS: Steel Use Stainless

Text Page: 117
Stool 60 (Artek)
Combine watercolor and

colored pencils.
To express the color and texture of Each leg is mounted
the birch, I created gradation with with three screws. The
watercolor and then added details in horizontal positioning is
colored pencil. uneven. Is this to
prevent cracking in the
wood grain?
Cross section
Observe with the five senses.

Instead of only using visual
information such as color and shape,
touch the object to see how it feels, Method for bending birch 90 degrees
and tap it to see what it sounds like.
Five cuts Plywood with the

are made same thickness as
the grooves is
immersed in glue
and then inserted

Text Page: 118
This is a classic stool made by the Finnish architect Alvar Aalto. This is common now, but in 1933,
when this was first released, the technique of bending wood was groundbreaking. As I drew this,
I researched how it's made and Aalto's philosophy as well.
A piece assembled
from square timber is
sandwiched in
plywood and cut into
a circle. Hollow!
The pattern of the cross

section of the seating
surface makes sense
When you tap it, the

sound at the center
resonates!
ier
Dr und
so
r
lle
Fu und
so
Bend forcefully
with heat and The fact that it contains
high pressure air from Finland evokes a
sense of wonder.
Both ends have a length that covers the curve.

This might be done to make the curvature of
the surface gentler.
*Birch: A tree in the Betulaceae family. It's often used as building material for Northern European furniture.

Text Page: 119
Conclusion
Thank you for reading this book. I hope you I am also very grateful to everyone who
liked it! provided observational sketches for this book;
my editor, Ms. Motoko Mori of Hobby Japan;
This book features just one way of enjoying the designer of this book, Ms. Maya Ohashi;
observational sketching. I hope you'll find your and the planner and producer of this book,
own style and have fun as you observe objects Mr. Naoto Yasuhara of NAISG. Thank you
and draw sketches. so much for this opportunity.
The inclusion of sketch examples in this book I hope this book helps people rediscover the
was made possible by the generous cooperation appeal of objects in their daily lives and inspires
of the manufacturers and distributors listed on them to share it!
the copyright page. Thank you.
When I'm drawing, I like to think about the

Mariko Higaki
people involved in the creation of the product
and imagine how they feel. I was able to actually
communicate with some of them as a part of the
making of this book, and nothing could make
me happier. As a fan of products, it was a great
experience for me.

Text Page: 120
About the Author
Mariko Higaki
Pro d u ct d e s i g n e r
After graduating from the Faculty of

Environment and Information Studies of Keio
University in 2007, Mariko Higaki joined
Leading Edge Design led by Shunji Yamanaka
and worked on projects in industrial design,
exhibitions, and education. She later studied
abroad at the ArtCenter College of Design
and graduated the Product Design course
in 2015. Since 2016, she has been active as
a freelance product designer. Her awards
include the IDSA Gold, Pentaward, and
James Dyson Award International Top 20.
Twitter: @mrkhgk
Website: marikoproduct.com
Conclus tion 121

Text Page: 121
A ppendix 1 Basic Types of Plastic
The word plastic refers to many different types, including new ones being developed on almost a daily
basis. This list shows basic types and commonly used types. I hope you find this table useful when
observing plastic products.
Pl a s t i c Name Prope r tie s

nu mb er
1 Polyethylene terephthalate Transparent and strong. Resistant to chemicals.

(PET)
2 High-density polyethylene Can withstand impact. Resistant to chemicals.
(HDPE)
3 Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Doesn’t burn easily and is sturdy, but when it burns,
dioxin is released.
4 Low-density polyethylene Lighter than water and soft. Resistant to chemicals.
(LDPE)
Thermoplastic
resin: When
heated, it melts
5 Polypropylene (PP) Resistant to heat. Glossy.
(think of cheese)
6 Polystyrene (PS) Transparent and hard but scratches easily.
7 ABS resin (ABS) Non-transparent. Doesn’t crack easily. Resistant to

heat.
7 Acrylic PMMA resin Transparent and strong.
7 Polycarbonate (PC) Transparent. Doesn’t crack easily. Resistant to heat.

7 Phenolic resin (PF) Resistant to electricity and chemicals. Doesn’t burn
easily.
7 Melamine resin (MF) Has good water resistance. Hard.
Thermosetting
resin: When
heated, it hardens
7 Polyurethane (PUR) Can be made to have various softnesses. Excellent
(think of eggs)
adhesiveness and wear resistance.
7 Epoxy resin Excellent physical, chemical, and electrical properties.
* Plastic number 7 is a category of “other plastics,” so many types belong to it.

Text Page: 122
Ex a mp l es o f Can it be made Sof t? He atproof He atp ro o f
p ro d u ct s i t’s t ra ns p a re nt? Hard? te mpe r ature te mpe rature
u sed fo r (° C ) (° F )
Plastic bottles, videotape, plastic Yes It can bend 85 to 200 (depends on the 185 to 392 (depends on the
egg cartons shape) shape)
Food bags, buckets, kerosene Can be made translucent / It can bend 90 to 100 194 to 212
tanks, pipes, netting, containers opaque white
Water pipes, gloves, greenhouse Yes Soft 60 to 80 140 to 176
sheets, pipes, window sashes
Plastic bags, food containers, Can be made translucent / Soft 70 to 90 158 to 194
wrap, surface of paper opaque white
packaging, sheets, electrical
wires
Kitchen items, automobile parts, Can be made translucent / It can bend 100 to 140 212 to 284
baler twine opaque white
Plastic models, video cassettes, Yes Hard 70 to 90 158 to 194
chassis for electronics
Suitcases, furniture, chassis for No Hard 70 to 100 158 to 212
household appliances
Eyeglass lenses, contact lenses, Yes Hard 70 to 90 158 to 194
photo stands, aquarium windows
CDs, smartphones, car windows Yes Hard 120 to 130 248 to 266
Printed boards, iron handles, tea No Hard 150 302
kettle handles
Tableware, veneer, plywood Yes Soft depending on 110 to 130 230 to 266
adhesives, sponges the processing
method
Cushions, packing Yes Soft depending on 90 to 130 194 to 266
the processing
method
Adhesives, paint Yes Hard 150 to 200 302 to 392
Appe ndi x 2 Basi c Type s of Pl as t i c 123

Text Page: 123
A ppendix 2 Other T itles from Rockp or t
If you're interested in learning more about sketching and design, there are many wonderful books available.
Here are a few that we recommend.
L ook Cl oser,
Draw Bet t er
Kater: Ewing
978-1-63159-622-3
Dr aw i n g L e s s ons from t he L i fe Draw i ng

Fa mo u s Ar t i st s S chool for Art i st s
Stephanie Haboush Plunkett & Magdalen Livesey Chris Legaspi
978-1-63159-122-8 978-1-63159-801-2

Text Page: 124
The Indu st ri al Desi gn
Reference &
Speci f i cat i on Book
Dan Cuffaro & Isaac Zaksenberg
978-1-59253-847-8
Th e Ar t o f Cl assi cal Sket chbook:

Ur ba n Ske t c h i ng Bot ani cal s
Gabriel Campanario Valerie Baines
978-1-5923-725-9 978-1-63159-139-6
Appe ndi x 1 Recomme nde d Re adi ng 125

Text Page: 125
Index
A Everlane Modern Zip Backpack, K

ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene 98–99 Kanebo Cosmetics Inc., 13
styrene) resin, 44–45, 46, 84–85, Ezaki Glico Co, Ltd., 12 Knoll Barcelona Chair, 106–107
108–109
Kureha NEW Krewrap, 82–83
additive manufacturing, 62 F
alarm clock, 44–47, 84–85 fabric L
Apple Mac Mini, 116–117 Barcelona Chair, 106–107 label maker, 102–103
Apple Remote, 114–115 cotton twill, 66 leather: Barcelona Chair,
Artek Stool 60, 118–119 fraying, 66 106–107
Modern Zip Backpack, 64–67, LEGO Minifigures (LEGO), 100–101
B 98–99 life cycle of a product, 68–69
backpack, 64–67, 98–99 sewing machines, 67 Luxottica Group S.p.A Ray-Ban
Barcelona Chair (Knoll), 106–107 stitching, 66, 67 Wayfarer Folding sun-
BC02 Alarm Clock (Braun), 44–47, straight stitches, 67 glasses, 104
84–85 flow of steps
blow molding, 51
M
finding your subject
matter, 74 Mac Mini (Apple), 116
Bodega (Bormioli Rocco), 52–55,
110–111 finishing, 77 metal
Braun BC02 Alarm Clock, 44–47, overview, 72–73 Apple Remote, 114–115
84–85 Barcelona Chair, 106–107
rough sketching, 76
writing basic notes, 75 Digital Caliper, 86–87
C drawing, 59
car shapes, 33 Fritz Hansen, 96–97
Fujiya Co, Ltd., 16–17 Mac Mini, 116–117
chair, 96–97
Series 7TM, 96–97
chi-bit, 14–15, 20
G Titanium-Single Cup 300,
circles, 24–25 56–59, 92–93
glass
communication, 38–39 Withings Steel, 112–113
Bodega (Bormioli Rocco),
cones, 34 52–55, 110–111 Miyazawa, Seiji, 18–19, 20
cotton twill, 66 heat-resistant glass, 54 Modern Zip Backpack (Everlane),
cubes, 31 Soy Sauce Bottle with Lid, 64–67, 98–99
cup, 52–55, 110–111 80–81 molds
cylinders, 32, 33 Wi-Fi Body Scale, 94–95 blow molding, 51
drawing, 59
D H hardness and, 58
Digital Caliper, 86–87 heat-resistant glass, 54
injection molding, 47
DYMO 1540 label maker Hiyo, 12–13, 20
introduction to, 46
(Sanford), 102–103
I stamping, 55
E Ikeda Mohando Co, Ltd., 13 undercut, 54
ellipses, 24–25 injection molding, 47 mug, 56–59, 92–93
environmental friendliness, 70 iwaki Soy Sauce Bottle with Lid,
80–81

Text Page: 126
N Resin Identification Code T
Nagafuji, Kanwa, 16–17, 20 (RIC), 50 three-point perspective, 28
NEW Krewrap (Kureha), 82–83 Rocco, Bormioli, 110–111 tires, 33
Titanium-Single Cup 300 (Snow
O S Peak), 56–59, 92–93
Olfa Corporation, 18–19 Sanford DYMO 1540 label maker,
turning, as processing
102–103
one-point perspective, 27, 28, 29 method, 63
Sato, Shoichi, 10–11, 20
organic shapes, 35–37 two-point perspective, 27, 28, 29
scale, 94–95
orthographic drawings, 26
Series 7TM (Fritz Hansen), 96–97 U
P sewing machines, 67 Ultimune Power Infusing Concen-
parallel shadow, 38 shading, 39 trate N (Shiseido), 108–109
Pen Stand, 60–63, 88–89 shadow, 38–39 Unilever Vaseline Pure Petroleum
Jelly, 48–49, 90–91
Pentel Co, Ltd., 14–15 shapes
perspective, 27–29 car shapes, 33 V
plastic circles, 24–25 Vaseline Pure Petroleum Jelly (Uni-
ABS resin, 44–45, 46, 84–85, communicating, 38–39 lever), 48–49, 90–91
108–109 cones, 34
BC02 Alarm Clock, 44–47, 84–85 cubes, 31 W
Digital Caliper, 86–87 cylinders, 32, 33 Wi-Fi Body Scale (Withings), 94–95
DYMO 1540, 102–103 ellipses, 24–25 Withings Steel (Withings), 112–113
LEGO Minifigures, 100–101 organic shapes, 35–37 wood
NEW Krewrap, 82–83 spheres, 34 Pen Stand, 60–63, 88–89
plastic numbers, 50 Shiseido Ultimune Power Infusing Series 7TM, 96–97
polypropylene, 50 Concentrate N, 108–109 Stool 60, 118–119
Ray-Ban Wayfarer shoes, 68–69 turning, 63
Folding, 104 Snow Peak Titanium-Single Cup wristwatch, 112–113
Series 7TM, 96–97 300, 56–59, 92–93
Ultimune Power Infusing Con- Soy Sauce Bottle with Lid (iwaki), Y
centrate N, 108–109 80–81 Yamashita, Masatoshi, 20
Vaseline Pure Petroleum Jelly, spheres, 34
48–49, 90–91 spreading shadow, 38
Wi-Fi Body Scale, 94–95 stamping, 55
Withings Steel watch, stitching, 66
112–113 Stool 60 (Artek), 118–119
polypropylene, 50 straight lines, 23
posture, 22 straight stitches, 67
proportion, 26 subtractive manufacturing,
62, 63
R
sunglasses, 104–105
Ray-Ban Wayfarer Folding sun-
glasses (Luxottica Group
S.p.A), 104
remote, 114–115
Index 127

Text Page: 127
KI NI NARU MONO WO EGAITE TANOSHIMU KANSATSU Illustration: Mariko Higaki
SKETCH Design: Maya Ohashi / mayaohashi.com
Photography: Takafumi Iwai and Mariko Higaki
©Mariko Higaki / NAISG Co., Ltd. / HOBBY JAPAN Editing and production: NAISG Inc. / naisg.com
English translation © 2020 Quarto Publishing Group USA Inc. Rio Matsuo and Naoto Yasuhara
Editing: Motoko Mori (Hobby Japan)
First English edition published in 2020 by Rockport Publishers, an English translation: Iyasu Adair Nagata, Sparkle
imprint of The Quarto Group, Language Services, Inc.
100 Cummings Center, Suite 265-D, Beverly, MA 01915, USA.
T (978) 282-9590 F (978) 283-2742 QuartoKnows.com
Printed in China.
Originally published in Japanese in 2019 by Hobby Japan under
the ISBN 978-4-7986-1918-7 C2371. The following companies provided generous cooperation:
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any AGC Techno Glass Co., Ltd.
form without written permission of the copyright owners. All Born Digital, Inc.
images in this book have been reproduced with the knowledge and Ezaki Glico Co, Ltd.
prior consent of the artists concerned, and no responsibility is Fujiya Co, Ltd.
accepted by producer, publisher, or printer for any infringement of I NEXT GE Inc.
copyright or otherwise, arising from the contents of this Ikeda Mohando Co, Ltd.
publication. Every effort has been made to ensure that credits inter office ltd.
accurately comply with information supplied. We apologize for any Japan branch of Fritz Hansen
inaccuracies that may have occurred and will resolve inaccurate or JMA Management Center Inc.
missing information in a subsequent reprinting of the book. Kanebo Cosmetics Inc.
Kureha Corporation
Rockport Publishers titles are also available at discount for retail, LEGO Japan Ltd.
wholesale, promotional, and bulk purchase. For details, contact the Mirari Japan Co. Ltd.
Special Sales Manager by email at [email protected] or by Nikkei Business Publications, Inc.
mail at The Quarto Group, Attn: Special Sales Manager, 100 Ohmsha, Ltd.
Cummings Center, Suite 265-D, Beverly, MA 01915, USA. Olfa Corporation
Orient Enterprise Co, Ltd.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 OZMA Inc.
Pentel Co, Ltd.
ISBN: 978-1-63159-888-3 Shiseido Co, Ltd.
Snow Peak Inc.
Digital edition published in 2020 Thames & Hudson
eISBN: 978-1-63159-889-0 Unilever Japan Customer Marketing K.K.
Vaiselle (Wada Glassware)
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available. Vertigo Inc.

Text Page: 128

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What is observational sketching?

What is observational sketching?

What led to the popularization of observational sketching?

What led to the popularization of observational sketching?

HOW TO DRAW

ALMOST ANY OBJECT

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Are you familiar with observational sketching? Put

I first learned about observational sketching on

I made this book to inspire you with the joys of

The products in our daily lives were made

I hope this book will help you communicate the

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335039 - Observational Sketching_001-128.indd 3 30/12/19 12:45 PM

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335039 - Observational Sketching_001-128.indd 5 30/12/19 12:45 PM

This chapter provides a simple introduction to materials and processing methods

6 O BS ER VAT IO NA L SKETCH ING

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335039 - Observational Sketching_001-128.indd 7 30/12/19 12:46 PM

Observational sketching means to

There are no detailed rules in

8 O BS ER VAT IO NA L SKETCH ING

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Ch apte r 1 Th e Appeal of Obser vational Ske t c h i ng 9

335039 - Observational Sketching_001-128.indd 9 30/12/19 12:46 PM

Q: How long have you been doing Roof Fabric

Q: How do you choose what product to

Q: Have you noticed any changes since you

Q: What do you like about observational

10 O BS ER VAT IO NA L SKETCH ING

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Fiat Nuova 500 <Fiat>

Design engineer. I design robots and industrial products.

Ch apte r 1 Th e Appeal of Obser vational Ske t c h i ng 11

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Papico (Adzuki latte for adults)

Base color: Burgundy

Papiko <Adzuki latte for adults> (Ezaki Glico)

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Muhi® S (Ikeda Mohando).

You can hang it from a rack in a store! You have to cut

BB moisturizing cream Top part Bottom

For people in their 30s and up. A

Freshel Skin Care BB Cream (Moist) MD <Kanebo Cosmetics>

I work as a designer/output operator at a copy shop in the Hokuriku region of Japan.

Ch apte r 1 Th e Appeal of Obser vational Ske t c h i ng 13

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Q: How long have you been doing

Q: How do you choose what product to

*I imagined the lengths and shapes (couldn’t disassemble)

A: I have started to observe and notice

a product. Also, the act of drawing,

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Metal part. Key point: becomes slightly thinner. A part

I design and produce websites, illustrates, printed material, and more.

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