Manual

Video XR CCIR
Video XR EIA
Video XR Version 2.2
Table of Contents

1 Technical Description...........................................................................................................................................4
2 Performance Data for Lenses...............................................................................................................................5
3 Performance Data for Mechanics ........................................................................................................................7
4 Performance Data for Electronics ........................................................................................................................8
5 Operating Concept ..............................................................................................................................................9
6 Camera Command List ......................................................................................................................................10
6.1 Commands related to Camera Identification and System Status................................................................10
6.2 Commands related to Gain Control............................................................................................................11
6.3 Commands related to the Video Signal......................................................................................................13
6.4 Commands related to Shading Correction .................................................................................................13
6.5 Commands related to Circular Blanking.....................................................................................................14
6.6 Commands related to Automatic Balance Control .....................................................................................15
6.7 Commands related to X-Ray-Mode............................................................................................................17
6.8 Commands related to I/O Control ..............................................................................................................17
6.9 Commands related to Line Generator ........................................................................................................18
7 Circuit Description .............................................................................................................................................19
7.1 Charge Coupled Device..............................................................................................................................19
7.2 Analog Front End .......................................................................................................................................19
7.3 Digital Timing and Process Unit .................................................................................................................19
7.4 Microcontroller ..........................................................................................................................................21
7.5 Automatic Balance Control ........................................................................................................................22
7.6 Power Supply .............................................................................................................................................22
7.7 Block Diagram VXR-Camera ......................................................................................................................23
7.8 Block Diagram ABC Circuitry......................................................................................................................24
Operation Modes ......................................................................................................................................................25
7.9 Continuous Mode ......................................................................................................................................25
7.10 Pulsed X-Ray Mode....................................................................................................................................26
8 CONNECTORS for I/O Signals ............................................................................................................................33
9 Specification of I/O Signals ................................................................................................................................36

3
1 Technical Description
The CCD Camera Video XR is used to reproduce the image of an image intensifier on a CCD sensor. With the
CCD Camera, the partial components of optics, mechanics and electronics are combined to form an
optimised unit for X-ray diagnostics. The system has a modular design in all three partial areas so that it is
always possible to update the system to the "state of the art" at a later date. To keep the adjustment work
on the image intensifier as low as possible when the CCD Camera is mounted, the individual components
are already set in the factory.

The lens has been optimised for different reproduction scales, i.e. the CCD Camera can be used on a number
of image intensifier tubes without replacement of the lens. The image quality remains almost constant in
this process.

The mechanics offer a series of options such as motor-driven iris and image rotation specially designed for
the demands of X-ray diagnostics. The standard of mechanical stability over the service life of the camera
meets the high expectations in a medical engineering product.

The camera electronics is based on the use of the most sophisticated CCD technology. A 1/2“ (1/3“) CCD is
used as image detector. The electronics is highly integrated to allow the possibility of integrating a number
of image processing hardware features in the camera head.

4
2 Performance Data for Lenses
As the optical system has practically no effect on quality at different reproduction scales, below only the
quality representations for one typical application are shown, namely the Thomson 9" HP image intensifier on a 1/2"
CCD sensor.

Size of Object Field

Object field diameter from 13 to 25 mm.

Size of Image Field

Image field diameter from 4.55 to 7 mm.

Image-Intensifier Output Window

Thickness of output window from 0 to 14 mm.

Overall Length
The overall length from phosphor plane to CCD target plane changes slightly with different magnifications.
OO' = 64 to 80 mm
i.e. OO' will be 72.5 mm for a Thomson 9" HP to a 1/2" CCD.

Effective Aperture
Maximum aperture 1.8.

Integral Distortion
The distortion of the lens has deliberately been selected to obtain compensation of the image intensifier
distortion. The reduction in distortion for total imaging chain (II + lenses + CCD) will be between 3 % and 7
% depending on reproduction scale.

Veiling Glare
For the whole lens veiling glare is < 1%, i.e. any fall in the theoretical image qualities due to veiling glare
effects can be excluded. This applies in particular to the low frequency drop, which is a problem in X-ray
diagnostics.

Modulation Transfer Function versus Image Field

Valid for 60 lp/mm at CCD side.

100
radial
90
tangential
80
70
60
MTF[ %]

50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
relative image height

Fig. 1: Modulation Transfer Function versus Image Field

5
Relative Illumination
The relative illumination in the image - frequently incorrectly only called vignetting - has been especially
optimized with this lens. This means that the relative illumination at the image center is actually even
slightly lower than at the edge. In practice this means lower visible image intensifier vignetting.

105
Light Intensity

104
103
102
101
100
0 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1
relative image height

Fig 2: Relative Illumination

Temperature Stability
The image quality of the lens is nearly constant for the temperature range - 5° C to + 40° C.

Climatic Resistance
All the lenses and coatings meet the demands of DIN 58390 part 2.

6
3 Performance Data for Mechanics
Interface for different Image Intensifiers
for Thomson on request
for Siemens on request
for Toshiba on request
for Philips on request

Focusing
Manual focusing is possible when the whole system II + lenses + CCD is assembled. The monitor image
remains in its original position (no irritating rotation) during focusing. The precise focusing is the guarantee
for a stable image quality for the whole focusing range.

Iris Diaphragm
minimum aperture 1:11
maximum aperture 1: 1.8
service life > 250.000 cycles
During service life there is no abrasion which would lead to contamination of the lenses.

Motorised Iris Diaphragm with Position Detector (optional)

Shutter time from minimum to maximum 350 msec.

Manual Iris Diaphragm (optional)

Can be set and fixed at any f-number.

(optional)
Motorized Image Rotation with Position Detector (opt ional)
speed: 5.5 r.p.m.
angle of rotation: 420° maximum

Azimuth Image Orientation (optional)

If no motorized image rotation is desired it is necessary to perform an initial azimuth orientation of the CCD
sensor surface to allow the image orientation to be fixed.

Camera Adapter
C-Mount.

Environmental Resistance
According to DIN 58390 part 2.

Total Weight
Complete version without camera electronics < 400 g.

7
4 Performance Data for Electronics
Sensor
1/2" or 1/3“ interline transfer CCD
Pixel: 752 (H) x 582 (V) (CCIR)
768 (H) x 494 (V) (EIA)

Blemishes

no visible Blemishes, Blemishes of the CCD are digitally compensated

Adjustable Video Gain

automatic (AGC)
or external (remote)
or fixed (fixed)

Automatic X-Ray Generator Compensation

Automatic Balance Control).
by ABC-Section (A

Circular Blanking
The Circular Blanking is continuously adjustable and has a minimum diameter of 50 % of the screen
diagonal.

Shading-Correction
Correction of image intensifier vignetting, horizontal and vertical adjustable.

Offset Correction
To achieve optimum contrast in the image.

Gamma
Switchable between linear (1) or non linear (0.6) .

Remote Full Image Blanking

Video Output is set to black level by ext. control.

Exposure Time
CCIR: 40 ms

EIA: 33.3 ms

8
Operation
Operation Modes
− Continuous X-ray Mode
− Pulsed X-ray Mode synchronous to Video timing
CCIR: 25, 12.5, 6.75, 3.375 pulses/sec
EIA: 30, 15, 7.5, 3.75 pulses/sec

Video Standard
CCIR: 50 Hz / 625 lines, interlace
EIA: 60 Hz / 525 lines, interlace

Limiting Resolution
The camera is operated with AGC and Gamma = 0.6. The iris diaphragm is set to 10 % saturation of 10
µR/image.
Resolution is 16 Ip/cm at image-intensifier input (normal mode).

5 Operating Concept
The Video XR CCD-camera can be controlled by external hardware control signals and by its RS-232
interface.
The external hardware control signals are used for easy interfacing the camera to radiological unit.
The RS-232 interface provides additional control capability.

controlled
Any function of the camera is contr olled either by an external hardware control signal or by the
RS-
RS- 232 interface.

The control of all application related functions is covered by the camera control software AFS.exe.
This software is running under WINDOWS 2000 and WINDOWS XP and allows the user an easy in-the-field
set-up of the camera and maintenance.

The AFS covers functions that are necessary to set-up the camera in a radiological unit.
A function may have a Set-part and/or a Get-part and one or more parameters..
A Set-part writes a parameter into the camera, while a Get-part delivers the actual value of a parameter
from the camera.

9
6 Camera Command List
6.1 Commands related to Camera Identification and System Status
Ping
Set
If a Ping is send to the camera, it echoes with a Ping.
It is used for checking RS-232 communication interface.

Unit Init
Set
MC loads all EEPROM parameters into MC operating software.

Unit Restart
Set
MC starts at first program address.

Serial Number
Get
This command delivers the Serial Number.

Software Version
Version
Get
This command delivers the Software Version of the MC software.

Camera Revision
Get
This command delivers the state of construction.

Unit Type
Get
This command delivers software unit type.

Unit Special String

Get
This command delivers Unit Special String.
(20 characters are used to describe the camera)

Unit Type String

Get
This command delivers a Unit Type String

10
Pattern Generator
Set
This command activates a test pattern (greyscale and burst)
Get
This command delivers the Test Pattern status.

Temperature
Get
This command delivers the PCB-temperature.

Store Actual Settings

Set
The adjusted parameters are written into EEPROM and will be used after every new power on.

Reset to Factory defaults

Set
This command sets all parameters to Factory defaults.

6.2 Commands related to Gain Control

Remark: An external control signal switches the AGC loop on or off

DMW
Set
This command sets the diameter of the Measuring Window.
Get
This command delivers the actual diameter of the Measuring Window.

Display Window
Set
This command highlights the Measuring Window
Get
This command delivers the highlight status of the Measuring Window.

Remark: The mean video level inside the Measuring Window is input to AGC loop.

LEVEL
Set
This command sets the target value of the AGC Loop.
Get
This command delivers the actual target value of the AGC loop.

11
AGC
Set
This command sets the AGC loop on, off, or into Stop Mode. Stop Mode is used to freeze the actual gain by
the hardware control signal (CN 10 PIN 1 and 2)

Using of the hardware input signals in the AGC operation modes:

AGC Mode Hardware Input AGC Operation Mode

AGC on/off AGC Stop
AGC off X X AGC inactive, fixed or variable gain
AGC on 0 X AGC inactive, fixed or variable gain
1 X AGC active
AGC stop mode 0 X AGC inactive, fixed or variable gain
1 0 AGC active
1 1 AGC inactive, last gain value found by the AGC

The camera gain for AGC off can be set with an analog voltage on VGAIN input
(connector CN1, pin 12) or the command FIXED_GAIN depending on the
camera AGC off mode (command AGC Off Mode).

Get
This command delivers the actual status of the AGC.

AGC Off Mode

Set
If AGC loop is switched off, this command defines either the camera is operated with Fixed Gain or with
Voltage Controlled Gain.
Get
This command delivers the AGC Off Mode Status

Fixed Gain
Set
This command sets the value of the Fixed Gain.
Get
This command delivers the actual value of the Fixed Gain.

VGain Value
Get
This command delivers the gain caused by an external applied control voltage. (CN 1 PIN 12)

AGC Weighting
Set
This command defines the speed of the AGC loop.
Get
This command delivers the actual AGC Weighting parameter.

12
AGC Stepsize
Set
This command defines the maximum change of the gain within two loop actions.
Get
This command delivers the actual AGC Max Stepsize parameter.

6.3 Commands related to the Video Signal

Contrast
Set
This command sets a value to be subtracted from the video signal and a multiplication factor to
sustain the video level.
Get
This command delivers the actual subtraction value and the multiplication factor.

Gamma
Set
This command sets the Gamma to nonlinear or linear.
Get
This command delivers the actual state of the Gamma parameter.

OFFSET
Set
This command sets the video offset inside the Circular Blanking or of the whole image, if Circular Blanking is
not activated.
Get
This command delivers the actual value of the video offset.

Output Level
This command sets the Video Output Level for Live Video and Video which is delivered by the Digital
Memory.
Get
This command delivers the Level of Live Video and Video to the Digital Memory.

6.4 Commands related to Shading Correction

Shading Correction
Set
This command activates the Shading Correction.
Get
This command delivers the status of the Shading Correction.

13
V_TILT
Set
This command sets the value of the vertical tilt correction.
Get
This command delivers the actual value of the vertical tilt correction

V_DOME
Set
This command sets the value of the vertical dome correction.
Get
This command delivers the actual value of the vertical dome correction.
H_TILT
Set
This command sets the value of the horizontal tilt correction.
Get
This command delivers the actual value of the horizontal tilt correction.

H_DOME
Set
This command sets the value of the horizontal dome correction.
Get
This command delivers the actual value of the horizontal dome correction.

6.5 Commands related to Circular Blanking

Circular Blanking
Set
This command activates the Circular Blanking.
Get
This command delivers the status of the Circular Blanking.

CIRCLE_SHAPE
Set
This command allows compensation of the circular shape distortion caused by the monitor.
Get
This command delivers the actual value of the Circle Shape.

V_SHIFT
Set
This command defines the vertical position of the Circular Blanking.
Get
This command delivers the actual value of the vertical position.

14
H_SHIFT
Set
This command defines the horizontal position of the Circular Blanking.
Get
This command delivers the actual value of the horizontal position.

DCBLK
Set
This command defines the diameter of the Circular Blanking.
Get
This command delivers the actual value of the diameter.

6.6 Commands related to Automatic Balance Control

SET POINT_1
Set
This command defines a target value of CCD-saturation controlled by ABC.
Get
This command delivers the actual value of SET_POINT_1.

SET POINT_2
Set
This command defines a target value of CCD-saturation controlled by ABC.
Get
This command delivers the actual value of SET_POINT_2.

ABC GAIN
Set
This command defines the digital amplification of the signal XR-Control.
Get
This command delivers the actual value of XR-Control amplification.

ABC Weighting
Set
This command defines the speed of the ABC loop.
Get
This command delivers the actual ABC Weighting parameter.

ABC Timeout
Set
This command sets the time delay of ABC response.

15
Delay = (3 + parameter) x field time
Get
This command delivers the actual value of ABC Timeout.

XR Linear Gain
Set
This command sets the gain of the XR linear signal. Therefore it defines the relation between XR linear and
CCD saturation.

Attention!
Using the standard value of XR linear gain leads to the following relation:
0% CCD saturation XR linear: 0 V
100% CCD saturation XR linear: -10 V

Get
This command delivers the actual value of the XR linear gain.

XR HIGH
Set
This command defines the digital threshold related to the signal XR_HIGH.
Get
This command delivers the actual threshold value.

XR LOW
Set
This command defines the digital threshold related to the signal XR_LOW.
Get
This command delivers the actual threshold value.

XR Level
Get
This command delivers the actual digital values (8 bit) for XR linear and XR control signal (input of DA-
Converter).

16
6.7 Commands related to X
X--Ray
Ray--Mode
Operation
Operati on Mode
Set
This command sets the operation mode of the camera to Pulsed X-Ray-Mode or to Continuous Mode.
Get
This command delivers the actual state of the operation mode.

6.8 Commands related to I/O Control

Full Image Blanking Enable
Set
This command enables the hardware control (CN 1 PIN 17).
Get
This command delivers the state of full image blanking enable.

XR Control Mode
Set
This command sets the XR control output at CN 1 PIN 16 and CN 14 PIN 1 either to XR control signal or to
an inverted XR linear signal (running from 0V … +10 V corresponding to CCD saturation)
Get
This command delivers the actual state of XR control mode.

17
6.9 Commands related to Line Generator
Line Generator Switch
Set
This command allows two line generators to be switched on/off independently.
Get
This command delivers the actual state of a line generator.

Line Generator Attribute

Set
This command adds some attributes to a line generator – black, white, light grey, dark grey, solid line,
broken line.
Get
This command delivers the actual attitude of a line generator.

Line Generator Position

Set
This command defines the x and y position of a line generator.
The position x = y = 0 is located in the south west corner of the image.

Get
This command delivers the actual position of a line generator.

Line Generator Center

Set
This command sets a line generator to the center
Get
This command delivers 1 if a line generator is in the center position, otherwise 0 .

18
7 Circuit Description
7.1 Charge Coupled Device
The incoming light reaches the surface of the CCD (Charge Coupled Device) image sensor. The CCD image
sensor produces an output signal whose level corresponds to the incoming light intensity (Pre-Video). The
output signal is buffered and sent to the Analog Front End (AFE).
The CCD is operated in frame integration mode to achieve maximum spatial resolution.
Due to this, the integration phases of the odd and even field pixel are overlapping by 50%.

7.2 Analog Front End

The Analog Front End performs following functions:

Sample/Hold
Sample/Hold of the Pre-Video-Signal to generate a continuous video signal

Digital Adjustable Amplification (DAA)

The DAA performs variabe amplification of the video signal before analog to digital conversion.
It is a part of the Manual or Automatic Gain Control circuitry of the camera.

Dark Signal Stabilization (DSS)

The DDS is related to the so called dark reference pixel on the CCD. Its stabilizes the digital value of the
mentioned pixel at predefined positive value and compensates changes due to temperature, gain, etc. So the
video signal meets the input range of the ADC. DSS is not related to the minimum video signal, see also
DRE-Function.

Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC)

The amplified video signal is fed to an analog to digital converter. The digitization is straight forward binary,
12 Bit, higher values belong to higher light levels. The Digital Video Signal is than fed to the Digital Timing
and Process Unit.

7.3 Digital Timing and Process Unit

The DTPU generates all timing signals necessary to operate the camera. This includes clocks for driving the
CCD, the AFE, the Microcontroller, the Power Supply, digital-analog reconversion, different I/O-signals and
internal clocks to control the signal processing.

The Digital Signal Processing incorporates the following functions:

Generation of Measurement Window (MW)

The MW is a part of the whole image. Pixel inside the MW are used to control several functions of the
camera (AGC, etc).

19
The Measurement Window has a circular shape with adjustable diameter (25% to 100% of image height).
The centre position of the Circular Blanking and Measurement Window are identical.

Measurement Engine (ME)

The Measurement Engine calculates several parameters from the pixel inside the MW. This is done every
field. The parameters are fed to the Microcontroller.
These parameters are the sum, the number of pixels, number of pixel above and below a grey level
threshold.

Correction of Pixel Faults

Pixel Faults (Hot Spots) will be replaced by nearest neighbour.

Offset Correction
Correct ion
Subtraction and Multiplication is applied on the video signal to achieve optimum contrast in the image.

Highlight Measuring Window

To adjust the diameter, the MW can be highlighted.

Shading Correction
To compensate the image shading due to lens and image intensifier a Shading Correction Function is
implemented. Horizontal and Vertical Shading Correction curves, both tilt and dome can be applied.

Gamma
Gamma can be selected to linearize the brightness transfer function including CRT-Monitor.

Digital
Digital SyncMix
A digital Composite Signal is formed.

Digital to Analog Converter (DAC)

A 10 Bit Digital to Analog Converter Generates a Composite Video Signal.
The Video Signal is output at CN2.

20
7.4 Microcontroller
After power up, the Microcontroller initializes all components. To do this, the Microcontroller reads all
parameters from a memory and send it to the components. During operation, it handles
the RS-232 communication, controls several automatic functions and performs supervising and self-test
function. Detailed information can be found in the document:

Communication ICD

A Microcontroller with on-board flash-memory is used, so it is possible to flash new software into the
camera. This needs special equipment.
All camera parameters are stored in a EEPROM. Via RS-232 interface, parameters can be send to
components (volatile) or to the EEPROM (nonvolatile).

21
7.5 Automatic Balance Control
The following digital signals are generated to control the X-Ray
Source:

XR high
X-ray dose is to high to get a good image

XR low
X-ray dose is to low to get a good image

Additional, two analogue signals are generated:

XR Control
and
XR Linear

Description of the signal XR linear

This signal provides information about the actual average saturation of the CCD inside the Measuring
Window.
It can be configured by the manufacturer as a voltage source (0V... -10V) or as a current source
(0uA... -10uA).

The standard setting for XR linear is:

voltage source

0V 0% saturation of the CCD (dark image)

- 10 V 100% saturation of the CCD

Description of the signal XR control

This signal provides information about the difference between actual average saturation of the CCD inside
the Measuring Window and a predefined value (Set_Point).
In case that these values are equal, the output voltage of XR Control is 6V.
The total output range of XR control is from 0V to 12V.

The XR control signal can be set by software to XR linear signal (voltage source 0V … +10 V)
Please refer to the block diagram ABC circuitry in chapter 7.8. and to Commands related to I/O Control in
chapter 6.8.

7.6 Power Supply

A switched mode power supply generates all voltages used inside the camera. The input range is 18V to
32V.

22
7.7 Block Diagram VXR-
VXR -Camera

8 ( " 8 3

1 2 #

! " # & , # -
$ #% & ' ( & $
) ! $ ! ' * . / &
$ $ + & ..& ! '
!0 # $
) $
(

& # 34 5 # 43 1 7 1
4 1 4 1 6 43 8 1 9
43 " $0 3 8 - 1 : 7 ;<

! .
4!

Fig 3: Block Diagram

23
7.8 Block Diagram ABC Circuitry

4 5
4!

# $ &

( 3 " $0 1 1 7
3 8
(
4 # 8

3 8 - 1 1 ;

5 - 8

, $0 $ 3
1 1 >? 1 7 1
! 1 3 8 :6 === 6 2 <

! 1
3 8 1 9 1
3 6 ===4 6 2
!
#
!
1 1

& # + & .-

Fig 4: Block Diagram ABC Circuitry

24
Operation Modes
The switch “Operation
Operation Mode” in AFS-software, Folder “Operation Mode”, sets the camera into one of the
following modes :

Continuous Mode
Mode : The camera is fixed to Continuous Mode.
Input signal "X-Ray Shot" has no effect (and is not required).

Pulsed X-
X- Ray Mode : The camera can be operated in both Continuous Mode and
X-- Ray Mode, controlled by input signal "X-Ray Shot":
Pulsed X

-- "X-Ray Shot" always active > Continuous Mode

-- "X-Ray Shot" pulsed > Pulsed X-Ray Mode

7.9 Continuous Mode

This mode is used for X-ray systems operating exclusively with continuous X-Ray radiation.

Pulsed X-Ray Mode is not enabled, thus input signal "X-Ray Shot" has no effect.

The output signal “Exposed Video” is fixed to “active”.

25
7.10 Pulsed X-
X-Ray Mode
At Video systems one complete image is called a “frame”.
“frame” This frame consists of two fields, “field1” and
“field2”.
“field2”

Pulsed XX-- ray systems are working with a series of X-ray pulses. One X-ray pulse exposes two or more fields
of the video signal at CN 2, depending on its length. The other fields until the next X-ray pulse are not
exposed. To have a continuous image on the monitor, an IMAGE-MEMORY is required. It should be updated
with every exposed frame and it should hold the last exposed frame during the time the camera delivers not
exposed frames.

VideoXR-cameras
VideoXR are not equipped with an IMAGE-MEMORY inside the camera, therefore an external
image memory is required to achieve a continuous video signal in Pulsed X-Ray Mode.
The camera provides the output signal "Exposed
Exposed Video"
Video indicating the exposed fields for the external
image memory.

AGC-
AGC- and ABC-
ABC- settings are automatically updated with every exposed field and are stored in an internal
memory. During the time of not exposed fields this memory provides the camera with AGC- and ABC-
settings calculated from the last exposed field.

Synchronization between X-ray pulses and camera-timing is required in PXRmode1 and may be required in
PXRmode2. The way is to synchronize the X-Ray system (slave) by the camera-timing (master). It is not
possible to do it the opposite way.
For this purpose the camera provides the output signal "Frame
Frame Sync",
Sync which occurs once every frame.
Standard position of Frame Sync is the beginning of “field2”, so succession of the two exposed fields in
PXRmode1 and in synchronous PXRmode 2 is first “field1” and then “field2”.
See also Fig. 4 and Fig. 6.
If first “field2” and then “field1” is required, the position of Frame Sync may be changed to the beginning
of “field1” with switch “Field
Field Sequence”
Sequence in AFS-software, folder “X-Ray Mode”.
See also Fig. 5 and Fig. 7 .

In order to distinguish between exposed frames and not exposed frames the camera needs information
when an X-ray pulse starts and how long it is. This is to be done with the input signal "X
X- Ray Shot
Shot". With
this information the camera can find the exposed frames and can operate IMAGE-MEMORY, AGC and ABC.

26
Applicable X-
X-Ray Pulse Lengths

For a flicker-free video signal on the monitor it is essential that all the 2 fields (=1frame) in the IMAGE-
MEMORY are exposed for the same length of time. In principle this is given in 2 different modes due to the
overlapping CCD integration periods of “field1” and “field2” (see also timing diagrams for Pulsed X-Ray
Mode) :

PXRmode 1: The X-ray radiation pulse is within ½ CCD integration period.

PXRmode 2: The X-ray radiation pulse lasts at least 4 consecutive ½ CCD integration periods.

The camera can operate in both PXRmode1 and PXRmode2 and accommodates automatically to the actual
mode, when the following signal conditions are recognized:

PXRmode 1

This mode is a synchronous mode only. The “Field Sequence” is like the setting in AFS-software.

The following time values are for CCIR and (EIA) :

X-ray radiation Start: 0,1ms (0,1ms) or later after the trailing edge of "Frame Sync".
Stop: 19,9ms (16,5ms) or earlier after the trailing edge of "Frame Sync" the
radiation must already be zero.

X-Ray Shot Start: just after the leading edge of "Frame Sync".
(Input signal) Stop: less than 20ms (16,66ms) after the leading edge of "Frame Sync".
Is sampled inside the camera with the trailing edge of "Frame Sync".
Setup- and hold-times are minimum 50us (50us) each.

X-ray pulse rate maximum: 1 pulse per frame

minimum: no limitation

Exposed Video The moment the camera changes this signal is excactly 20,0ms (16,66ms)
(Output signal) after the leading edge of "Frame Sync".

27
PXRmode 2

This mode can be used as synchronous mode or as asynchronous mode. In both cases the input signal “X-
Ray Shot” indicates to the camera exactly that space of time where X-ray radiation is on and has stabilized.

The following time values are for CCIR and (EIA) :

PXRmode 2 synchronous:
synchronous:
The “Field Sequence” is like the setting in AFS-software.

X-ray radiation, start: just after the leading edge of "Frame Sync".
stabilized stop: after the trailing edge of two or more "Frame Sync" later.

X-Ray Shot Start: just after X-ray radiation is switched on and has stabilized.
(Input signal) Stop: just when X-ray radiation is stopped.

PXRmode 2 asynchronous:
The succession of fields is not defined.

X-ray radiation, minimum length: 82ms (68,5ms)

stabilized maximum length: no limitation

X-Ray Shot Start: just after X-ray radiation is switched on and has stabilized.
(Input signal) Stop: not later than X-ray radiation is switched off.

“X-Ray Shot” is sampled inside the camera with the leading edge of "Sample Clock".

The gap between two X-ray radiation pulses is 3 fields minimum.

28
PXRmode1 with Field Sequence = field 1 / field 2

CCD integration field1

CCD integration field2

1/2 CCD integration
period
PXRmode1 20ms (16,66ms)

Frame Sync
(output signal)
X-Ray Shot
(input signal)

X-Ray radiation

Video Output CN2

field 1 field 2
Exposed Video
(output signal)

20 ( 16,66 ) ms 20 ( 16,66 ) ms

1/2 CCD integration

640 (635) µs period
20 (16,66) ms
Frame Sync
(output signal)
5050µsµs< <ts ts< <640
640 (635) µs
(635)
ts th 5050µsµs< <th th<µs< 2020(16,66)
(16,66)ms
ms
X-Ray Shot
(input signal)

< 19,9 ( 16,5 ) ms

> 0,1 ( 0,1 ) ms

X-Ray radiation

Not applicable X-Ray Pulse

Lenghts 1/2 CCD
integration
period

CCD integration field1

CCD integration field2

X-Ray radiation

Video Output CN2

field 1 field 2 field 1 field 1 field 2 field 1

Two or more consecutive equal exposed fields

useable for image memory and for AGC / ABC operation not useable fields

The different amplitudes of the video signals in this diagram depend only on the CCD integration times.
The intensity of light coming into the CCD-sensor is assumed to be constant during the X-ray pulse is on.

Fig 5: PXRmode 1 with Field Sequence = field 1 / field 2

29
 PXRmode1 with Field Sequence = field 2 / field 1

CCD integration field1

CCD integration field2

1/2 CCD integration
period
PXRmode1 20ms (16,66ms)

Frame Sync
(output signal)
X-Ray Shot
(input signal)

X-Ray radiation

Video Output CN2

field 2 field 1
Exposed Video
(output signal)

20 ( 16,66 ) ms 20 ( 16,66 ) ms

1/2 CCD integration

640 (635) µs period
20 (16,66) ms
Frame Sync
(output signal)
µsµs< <
5050 ts ts < 640
< 640 (635) µs
(635)
ts th 5050
µs µs
< th <µs<2020
< th (16,66) ms
(16,66)
ms
X-Ray Shot
(input signal)

< 19,9 ( 16,5 ) ms

> 0,1 ( 0,1 ) ms

X-Ray radiation

Not applicable X-Ray Pulse

Lenghts 1/2 CCD
integration
period

CCD integration field1

CCD integration field2

X-Ray radiation

Video Output CN2

field 2 field 1 field 2 field 2 field 1 field 2

Two or more consecutive equal exposed fields

useable for image memory and for AGC / ABC operation not useable fields

The different amplitudes of the video signals in this diagram depend only on the CCD integration times.
The intensity of light coming into the CCD-sensor is assumed to be constant during the X-ray pulse is on.

Fig 6: PXRmode 1 with Field Sequence = field 2 / field 1

30
 PXRmode 2 with Field Sequence = field 1 / field 2
1/2 CCD
integration
period

CCD integration field1

CCD integration field2

Frame Sync
(output signal)

Sample Clock
(internal signal for
sampling "X-Ray Shot")

PXRmode2 synchronous

X-Ray radiation

X-Ray Shot
(input signal)

Video Output CN2

field 1 field 2 field 1 field 2 field 1

Exposed Video
(output signal)

PXRmode2 asynchronous

X-Ray radiation

X-Ray Shot
(input signal)

Video Output CN2

field 1 field 2 field 1 field 2 field 1 field 2

Exposed Video
(output signal)

X-Ray radiation

X-Ray Shot
(input signal)

Video Output CN2

field 2 field 1 field 2 field 1 field 2 field 1 field 2 field 1 field 2

Exposed Video
(output signal)

Two or more consecutive equal exposed fields

useable for image memory and for AGC / ABC operation not useable fields

The different amplitudes of the video signals in this diagram depend only on the CCD integration times.
The intensity of light coming into the CCD-sensor is assumed to be constant during the X-ray pulse is on.

Fig 7: PXRmode 2 with Field Sequence = field 1 / field 2

31
PXRmode 2 with Field Sequence = field 2 / field 1
1/2 CCD
integration
period
CCD integration field1

CCD integration field2

Frame Sync
(output signal)

Sample Clock
(internal signal for
sampling "X-Ray Shot")

PXRmode2 synchronous

X-Ray radiation

X-Ray Shot
(input signal)

Video Output CN2

field 2 field 1 field 2 field 1 field 2

Exposed Video
(output signal)

PXRmode2 asynchronous

X-Ray radiation

X-Ray Shot
(input signal)

Video Output CN2

field 1 field 2 field 1 field 2 field 1 field 2

Exposed Video
(output signal)

X-Ray radiation

X-Ray Shot
(input signal)

Video Output CN2

field 2 field 1 field 2 field 1 field 2 field 1 field 2 field 1 field 2

Exposed Video
(output signal)

Two or more consecutive equal exposed fields

useable for image memory and for AGC / ABC operation not useable fields

The different amplitudes of the video signals in this diagram depend only on the CCD integration times.
The intensity of light coming into the CCD-sensor is assumed to be constant during the X-ray pulse is on.

Fig 8: PXRmode 2 with Field Sequence = field 2 / field 1

32
8 CONNECTORS for I/O Signals
CN 2

GND

CN 14
CN 9
CN1 CN 10

CN6
PIN 1

ST 2

Fig 9: CONNECTORS for I/O Signals

CN1 26 Pin (2x13) Header Standard Connector for Power-

Power - Supply and Control
PIN I/O Signal PIN I/O Signal
1 In GND Power Supply 2 In +18 VDC…+32 VDC
3 In GND Power Supply 4 In +18 VDC…+32 VDC
5 In GND Power Supply 6 In +18 VDC…+32 VDC
7 connected to CN6 Pin 7 8 connected to CN6 Pin 6
9 connected to CN6 Pin 5 10 connected to CN6 Pin 4
11 In AGC on/off 12 In VGAIN
13 In SETPOINT SELECT 14 O XR high
15 O XR low 16 O XR control
17 In Full Image Blanking 18 O Frame Sync
19 In GND VGAIN 20 NC
21 22 NC
23 24 NC
25 26

33
CN2 2 Pin Header Video Output
(Includes AGC, Gamma, Circular Blanking and Shading Correction)
PIN I/O Signal
1 O VIDEO OUTPUT 1
2 O GND
CN5 Ground
M4 screw for GND Power Supply

CN6 10 Pin (2x5) Header Connector for X-

X- Ray Image Intensifier (Optional)
PIN I/O Signal PIN I/O Signal
1 O +18 VDC…+32 VDC 2 O GND Power Supply
3 NC 4 connected to CN1 Pin 10
5 connected to CN1 Pin 9 6 connected to CN1 Pin 8
7 connected to CN1 Pin 7 8 NC
9 NC 10 NC

CN9 2 Pin Header Control for X-

X- Ray Generator
PIN I/O Signal
1 O XR linear
2 O GND

CN10 10 Pin (2x5) Header Camera Control for Pulsed X-

X- Ray Mode
PIN I/O Signal PIN I/O Signal
1 In AGC Stop (+) 2 In AGC Stop (-)
3 In X-Ray Shot (+) 4 In X-Ray Shot (-)
5 O Exposed Video (+) 6 O Exposed Video (-)
7 O Frame Sync (+) 8 O Frame Sync (-)
9 NC 10 NC

ST 2 9 Pin Sub-
Sub - D- Connector (female) for Serial Interface to Microcontroller
PIN I/O Signal
1
2 O TXD
3 In RxD
4
5 GND
6
7
8
9

34
CN14 2 Pin Header
Header Control for X- X- Ray Generator
Remark: This is the same signal as on CN1/Pin 16
but voltage output via 100 Ohm resistor
can be used as test point

PIN I/O Signal

1 O XR control
2 O GND

35
9 Specification of I/O Signals
Power Supply
Input voltage range
range
18VDC ... 32VDC

Current consumption
(Over the whole input voltage range)
40mA … 80mA

Inrush current
(due to DC/DC-
DC/DC- converter startup)
< 2A for 100ms

Remarks
+ Power for X-Ray Image Intensifier is supplied from CN6 (Input voltage)
Control for X-
X- Ray Ima
Image
ge Intensifier
Connections between CN1 and CN6 40V max. , 20 mA max.

Control for Auto X-

X- Ray Generator Compensation
CN1, Pin 13 In SETPOINT SELECT Pin not conn. SETPOINT 1 active
Pin grounded SETPOINT 2 active
CN1, Pin 16 Out XR control 0...12V DC Low ... high X-Ray power
Output current +/- 8mA max.
(Reference-Ground is Power Supply GND)
CN1, Pin 15 Out XR low +5V active
GND not active
Output resistance 1 kOhm
CN1, Pin 14 Out XR high +5V active
GND not active
Output resistance 1 kOhm
CN9 Out XR linear 0...-10V 0 ... 100% CCD SAT
Output resistance 100 Ohm

Automatic Gain Control (AGC)

CN1, Pin 11 In AGC on/off Pin not conn. AGC on
Pin grounded Adjustable Gain / VGAIN
CN1, Pin 12 In VGAIN 0...10V DC max. ... min. Gain
Input resistance > 10 kOhm
(Reference-Ground is GND VGAIN)

36
Camera Control for Pulsed X-
X- Ray Mode
opto-isolated input with Ri > 1 kOhm
CN10, Pin 1 In + AGC Stop U > + 2.5V AGC stopped
CN10, Pin 2 In - U < + 0.7V AGC active
Isolation voltage: 500 V AC min
max. input voltage : +/- 15 V DC max.
opto-isolated input with Ri > 1 kOhm
CN10, Pin 3 In + X-Ray Shot U > + 2.5V Shot
CN10, Pin 4 In - U < + 0.7V no shot
Isolation voltage: 500 V AC min
max. input voltage : +/- 15 V DC max.
opto-isolated Output
CN10 , Pin 5 O+ Exposed Video Exposed Video active Output is conducting
At I = 2,5 mA is U < 0,4 V
CN10 , Pin 6 O- Exposed Video not active Output is in High-Z-State
I < 10 µA
Output current 50 mA max.
Applicable voltage 0 ... + 50 V max.
Isolation voltage 500 V AC min
CN10 , Pin 7 O+ Frame Sync opto-isolated Output, 1 Sync-pulse every frame
CN10 , Pin 8 O- Pulse duration 640 (635) µs
Sync active Output is conducting
At I = 2.5 mA is U < 0.4 V
Sync not active Output is in high-Z-State
I < 10 µA
Output current 50 mA max.
Applicable voltage 0 ... + 50 V max.
Isolation voltage 500 V AC min

Video Output
CN2, Pin 1 VIDEO OUTPUT 1 1,0 Vpp (75 Ω)

Other Signals
CN1, Pin 17 In Full Image Blanking Pin not conn. Video Image
Pin grounded Blanked Image
CN1, Pin 18 O Frame Sync 5V Pulse, negative Polarity, once every frame
Pulse duration 640 (635) µs
Output source current 1 mA max. for U >2.4 V

Output sink current 50 mA max. for U< 0.5

37