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Introduction To The FE Method in Geosciences: Numerical Integration

This document introduces numerical integration using Gauss-Legendre quadrature. It discusses how numerical integration can be used to solve integrals that arise in the finite element method on distorted elements. Gauss-Legendre quadrature approximates integrals using a weighted sum of function values at specified integration points. For 1D integrals it uses 2 points by default, and the weights and points can be extended to 2D integrals using a product rule. An example integration of a 1D function is provided to demonstrate the method.

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32 views5 pages

Introduction To The FE Method in Geosciences: Numerical Integration

This document introduces numerical integration using Gauss-Legendre quadrature. It discusses how numerical integration can be used to solve integrals that arise in the finite element method on distorted elements. Gauss-Legendre quadrature approximates integrals using a weighted sum of function values at specified integration points. For 1D integrals it uses 2 points by default, and the weights and points can be extended to 2D integrals using a product rule. An example integration of a 1D function is provided to demonstrate the method.

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RMRE UET
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to the FE method in

geosciences
Lecture 3.1:
Numerical integration

IntroFEM 03 – Numerical Integration 1

Motivation
→ Deformable Grid

IntroFEM 03 – Numerical Integration 2

1

Motivation
→ Lecture 1: FEM Introduction 1D
  Integral form of system of equations

  How do we solve these integrals


on a distorted element?
  NUMERICALLY !!!
IntroFEM 03 – Numerical Integration 3

Gauss-Legendre-Quadrature
→ General comments
  Numerical integration with Gauss-Legendre-Quadrature
only works on an idealized Element
  For x = -1 to 1 in 1D
  For x = -1 to 1 and y = -1 to 1 in 2D

  So, it does not solve the problem of the distorted


elements, yet.
  A coordinate transformation from the distorted element to
the idealized element is needed in addition.
See next lecture.

IntroFEM 03 – Numerical Integration 4

2

Gauss-Legendre-Quadrature
→ For 1D
  Formula

  Integration points and


weights

n xn wn
1 0 2
  The function f only
2 1 needs to be known at
3 the integration points.

IntroFEM 03 – Numerical Integration 5

Gauss-Legendre-Quadrature
→ Example
  Integrate by hand and “numerically” with 3
integration points: n xn wn
3 − 3 ,0, 3 5 ,8 ,5
5 5 9 9 9

  By hand:

  Numerically:

IntroFEM 03 – Numerical Integration 6

3

Gauss-Legendre-Quadrature
→ For 2D
  Formula
∫ ∫ f (ξ ,η ) d ξdη = ∑ ∑ f (ξ ,η ) w w = ∑ f (ξ ,η ) w
1 1 nξ nη nip

i j i j n n n
−1 −1 i=1 j=1 n=1

  Integration points are similar to


the 1D case. Weights can be
defined as a multiplicative
combination of the 1D case
  eg.

IntroFEM 03 – Numerical Integration 7

% DATA FOR NUMERICAL INTEGRATION


Ngl = [3 3]; % 2x2 Gauss-Legendre quadrature
POINT = zeros(length(Ngl),prod(Ngl));
Weight = zeros(prod(Ngl),1);
Point(1) = -0.774596669241483;
Point(2) = 0.0;
Point(3) = -Point(1);
Weight_(1) = 0.555555555555556;
Weight_(2) = 0.888888888888889;
Weight_(3) = Weight_(1);
intp = 0;
for intx=1:Ngl(1)
for inty=1:Ngl(2)
intp = intp+1;
POINT(:,intp) = [Point(intx) Point(inty)]';
Weight(intp) = Weight_(intx)*Weight_(inty);
end
end

IntroFEM 03 – Numerical Integration 8

4

for intp=1:no_intpoi % ============================ INT.PTS. LOOP ======================================
wtx = Weight(intp); % weight
% Get parameters to perform coordinate transformation from natural to global element coordinates
DHDS = DHDS_A(:,:,intp)';
jacob = DHDS*COORD; % compute Jacobian
detjacob = det(jacob); % determinant of Jacobian
invjacob = inv(jacob); % inverse of Jacobian matrix
DHDX = invjacob*DHDS; % derivatives w.r.t. real coordinates

% Compute kinematic/strain matrix


ii =([1:no_node_perel]-1)*no_dof+1; % working indexes arrays
B(1,ii ) = DHDX(1,:);
B(2,ii+1) = DHDX(2,:);
B(3,ii ) = DHDX(2,:);
B(3,ii+1) = DHDX(1,:);

% STRAIN RATES
STRAIN_RATES(:,intp,iel) = B*A_old(Index);

E = MATPROP(1,Phase(iel));
nu = MATPROP(2,Phase(iel));
prefac = E/((1+nu)*(1-2*nu));
D = prefac * [ 1-nu nu 0; nu 1-nu 0; 0 0 (1-2*nu)/2];

% STRESS UPDATE
STRESSES(:,intp,iel) = STRESSES_OLD(:,intp,iel) + D*B*A_old(Index);

% CORRDINATES
STRESS_GCOORD(1,intp,iel) = H(:,intp)'*COORD_OLD(:,1); % X-coordinate
STRESS_GCOORD(2,intp,iel) = H(:,intp)'*COORD_OLD(:,2); % Y-coordinate

% LOCAL STIFFNESS MATRIX


K = K +( B'*D*B )*wtx*detjacob; % element stiffness matrix

% RHS VECTOR
F_v(Index_v_local) = F_v(Index_v_local) - ( B'* (STRESSES_OLD(:,intp,iel)) )*wtx*detjacob;
F_v(Index_v_local(ii+1)) = F_v(Index_v_local(ii+1))-( MATPROP(3,Phase(iel))*gravity *H(:,intp))*wtx*detjacob;
end % ============================================= END OF INT.PTS. LOOP ===================================

IntroFEM 03 – Numerical Integration 9

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