PHILIPPINE EDUCATIONAL PRACTICES AND THEIR LEGAL BASES

Philippine education recognizes the complementary roles of public and private educational
institution.
● Otherwise known as the Educational Act of 1901 and it is passed by the Second Philippine
Commission authorized the establisment of private schools but did not provide for their control and
supervision.
● The Bureau of private schools was abolished by the P.D. No. 1, the reorganization Act of 1972. state
that the public and private schools were place under the same officials.
● Both the private and public schools perform complementary roles especially in the Tertiary level.
State colleges and universities generally offer agricultural and technological courses while private
colleges and universities generally offer academic professional courses such as law, medicines,
commerce, and the like. And of course both supply the country with leaders in the different fields of
endeavor.
Philippine education provides professional advancement.
 The state shall enchance the right of teachers to professional advancement and shall also protect
the interests of the non-teaching academic and non-academic personel. ( 1987 Constitution,
Article XIV, Section 5:4)
 PROFESSIONAL GROWTH
Non-teaching academic personnel Non-Academic personnel

Deans Treasurers
Registrars Accountants
Guidance counselors Auditors
Deans of Academic Affairs Chief of security

Philippine education professionalizes teaching ( P.D. No. 1006)

 On September 22, 1976 made teachers professionals and teaching a profession. The decree took
effect on January 1. 1977. However, the decree has not been fully implemented.
Philippine education allows publications in the Schools.
 Both public and private are free to put up student organs, but publications should be in the
accordance with rhe student government constitutions approved by their respective schools,
accepted ethics of journalism, school rules and regulations, and general laws of the land.
Revised Penal Code of the Philippines prohibits the publication of the following:
1. Inciting the people to rebellion ( Art. 138)
2. Seditious libel ( Atr. 142)
3. Unlawful utterences (Art. 154)
4. Immoral doctrine, obscene publication and exhibition ( Art. 154)
5. Threatening to publish and offering to prevent publication of an article for a certain fee
( Extortion) (Art. 356)
6. Acts in the course of official proceedings that are prohibited to published ( Art. 357)
7. Libelous remarks ( Art. 362)
Philippine education strives to be of high quality. (1987 Constitution, Atr. XIV Sec. 1)
SAFEGUARDS FOR QUALITY EDUCATION
1. Minimum requirements to be fulfilled before a school or course is allowed to open.
2. Report mechanism required of teachers, administrators that provide a basis for evaluation of
performance.
3. Recognition extended only to schools with acceptable standards.
4. Retention of or failing students with academic deficiency.
5. Revocation of permit of recognition.
6. Voluntary Accreditation.
Philippine education encourages planning. (1987 Const. Sec. 5:1)
 The state shall take into account regional and sectoral needs and conditions and shall encourage
local planning in the development of educational policies and programs
Philippine education allows optional religious instruction in public schools.
 At the option expressed by the parents or guardians, religion shall be taught to their children or
wards in public elementary and high schools within the regular class hours by instructors
designated or approved by the religious authorities of the religion to which the children or wards
belong without additional cost to the government and prohibited the teaching of any religion by
any teacher in the public schools. ( 1987 Const. Article XV Section 8:8)
 In private schools they are free to teach any religion they believe in except that are contrary to
goo morals.
 For instance, there are cults that advocate free sex among its members. Free Sex cannot be
allowed to be taught in schools.
Philippine education grants certain rights to parents, school personnel, schools, students, and
teachers.
THE RIGHTS GRANTED ARE AS FOLLOWS:
1. Rights granted to parents ( B.P. 232, Sec. 8: 1-2)
2. Rights granted to school personnel ( B.P. 232, sec. 10:1-4)
3. Rights granted to Schools ( B.P. 232, Sec. 13:1-2)
4. Rights granted to students ( B.P. 232, Sec. 9:1-9)
5. Rights granted to teachers ( B.P. 232, 11:1-4)
Rights granted to parents ( B.P. 232, Sec. 8: 1-2)
 This refers to the organization of PTA’s.
 The right to access to any official record directly relating to the children who are under the
parental responsibility.
Rights granted to school personnel ( B.P. 232, sec. 10:1-4)
 The right to expression of opinion and suggestions
 The right to be provided with free legal service by the appropriate government office
 The right to establish, join and maintain labor organizations of their choice to promote their
welfare and defend their interest.
 The right to be free from involuntary contributions
Rights granted to parents ( B.P. 232, Sec. 8: 1-2)
 This refers to the organization of PTA’s.
 The right to access to any official record directly relating to the children who are under the
parental responsibility.
Rights granted to Schools (B.P. 232, Sec. 13:1-2)
 The right of their governning boards of lawful authorizaties to provide for the proper governance
 The right of institutions of higher learning to determine on academic grounds who shall be
admitted to study.
Rights granted to students ( B.P. 232, Sec. 9:1-9)
 The right to receive, through promarily competent instruction.
 The right to freely chhose their field of study subject
 The right to school guidance and counseling service for making decisions
 The right to access to his own school records
 the right to issuance of certificates, TOR, grades and transfer of credentials
 The right to publish a student newspaper and similar publications
 the right to free expression of opinions and to effectice channel of communicationthe
 The right to form, establish join participate in organizations and societies organized by the
school .
 The right to free from involuntary contribution.
Rights granted to teachers ( B.P. 232, Sec. 11-11:4)
 The right to free from compulsary assignments not related to their duties as defined in their
appoinments or employment contracts. Unless compensated thereof, conformable to existing
law.
 The right to intellectual property consistent with applicable law
 Teachers shall be accorded the oppurtunity to choose alternative carrer lines either in school
administration, in classroom teaching, or others, for purposes of career advancement.
Phillippine education has objectives.
Objectives of Elementary Education ( B.P. 232, Sec. 21: 1-4)
●To provide the basic knowlegde develop the foundation skills, attitudes, and values.
●To provide learning experinces which increase the child’s awareness of responsiveness to change
in society.
 ●To promote and intensify the child’s knowlegde of identification with and love of nation and the
people to which he belong.
●To promote work experiences which develops and enhances the child’s orientation to the world of
work and creativity.
Objectives of Secondary Education( B.P. 232,Sec. 22:1-2 1992, Man of Reg. For Private school)
●To continue to promote the objective of elementary education, but shifting in emphasis from the
mastery of basic tools of learning, expression, and understanding to the use of extension of tools fo
further exploring and acquiring intellectual social, moral and physical concepts and ideas.
●To discover and enchance, in addition, the different aptitudes and interest of the individual
students.

Objectives of Tertiary Education ( B.P. 232, Sec. 23:1-4 1992 Man. of Regulation for private
schools, Section 10
●To provide a general education program that will assist each inviduals to develop his potentials as a
human being, enhance the quality of citizen participation in the basic functions of society, and
promote in each student a sense of national identity, cultural consciousness, moral integrity, and
spiritual vigor.
Phillippine education provides a fixed opening school year.
The opening of the school R. A. No. 4116 , other wise known as the ACT FIXING a Period Opening
of the School Year.
The school year opening First Monday of June. There were attempts in the past and there is
another clamor today to move the opening of schols to September because of recurrent floods in July
and August A law is needed to change the school year opening.
Philippine education course offerings are under the regulation and supervision of the state.
All courses offered in both public and privates schools, from the preschool to tertiary levels whether
professional, technological, technical, or vocational, are regulated and supervised by the
government.
There are guidelines given by the government to followed when applying to offer a certain course.
Examples such guidelines are the following:
1. MECS (DECS) Order No.26, s. 1983. Policies and standards for Teachers Education
2. 2. DECS Order No. 15, S. 1989. Policies Standards For dental Education
3. DECS Order No. 17, S. 1989. Policies and Standards for Optometry Education
4. DECS Order No. 119, S. 1190. Policies and Standards for Medical Education
5. Sometimes, certain subjects are legislated into the curriculum, An example is the study of Rizal
Course.
●It is under the Rizal Law or R.A. No. 1425 that requires the teaching of the life of Rizal and his
writings especially his two Novels.
●Sometimes, certain subjects are legislated into the curriculum, An example is the study of Rizal
Course.
●It is under the Rizal Law or R.A. No. 1425 that requires the teaching of the life of Rizal and his
writings especially his two Novels.
Philippine education grants scholarship, loans, subsidies, etc.
 The state shall establish and maintain student loan programs, subsidies, and other incentives
which shall be available to deserving students in both public and private schools. ( 1987 Const.
Article XIV Section 2:3)
 STUDY NOW PAY LATER PLAN
 The latest is the Scholarship Act of 1993, R.A. No. 7724, which provides scholarship for poor
but deserving students especially in the development of manpower in science and technology.
Philippine education adapted the six-year elementary course.
( Commonwealth Act No. 586, or the Educational Act of 1940 is the legal basis of the six-year
elementary course, the double single session, the entrance age, the national support of elementary
education, and the compulsary attendance of children in the primary grades. This act abolished double
single session and requires that children should enrolled at age of seven years.
There were efforts to Restore Grade VII. R.A. No. 896 or the Educational Act of 1953 was enacted for
his purpose, unfortunately the law has not been fully implemented.
Philippine Education regulates planning.
●Public elementary pupils and secondary schools student are now free from paying tuition fees, the
latter according to R.A. No 6655.
●In private schools , however, students have to pay tuition fees. Before the enacted of R.A. 6139,
tuitions fees were determimned by the governing boards of private schools but act was passed to prevent
private schools from charging exorbitant tuition fees. R.A. No. 6139 was repealed by P.D. 451 which
took effect in 1974.
The decree regulated increases in tuition fees as follows:
1. In no case will the increase be more than 15% of the tuition fees during the previous year.
2. 60% of the increase will go the increase of the salaries of the school personnel.
3. 28% of the increase will be utilized to improved the facilities of the school
4. 12% of the increase will return of investment
Philippine education grants university status to qualified colleges.
●Sec. 3 of Commonwealth No. 180 set the requirements for a private college to fulfill before it is
granted university status.
●Among the data needed are name and location of the college, names and addresses and qualifications
of all officers, members of the governing board, and faculty, campus and buildings. Total investment,
library collection, laboratory and other facilities, courses and curricula etc.
Philippine education promotes and protects the interest and welfare of its teachers
( R.A. No. 4670 otherwise known as the magnat Carta for Public School Teachers.
●Among the interests of the teachers treated in the law are qualifications, tenure, transfer, code of ethics,
safeguards againts disciplinary and administrative charges, safeguards againts discrimination, the case of
married teachers, academic freedom, teaching hours, extra compensation for extra work, salaries,
allowances, medical treatment, compensation for injuries, study leave with pay, absence, retirement
benefits, promotions separation etc.
●Philippine education teaches values formation ( 1987, Cons. Article XIV Sec. 3:2)
As mandated by the Constitution, all educational institutions shall inculcate patriotism. And nationalism,
foster love of humanity, appreaciation of the role of national heroes in the development of the country.
Philippine education promotes vocational education.( Vocational Act of 1927)
●The old Legislature Act No. 3377 known as the vocational act of 1927 as amended by Act No. 3740
and R.A. No. 175 to become the basis for vocational Education in the public school.
●Vocational Education is very important beacuse it provides the middle llevel manpower skills needed
by the country.
Phillipine education promotes the physcal, moral, spiritual and social being of the youth
( 1987, Cons. Art. II)
●The youth, the hope of the fatherland according to Rizal., are target and focus of attention by
Philippine Education.
●As mandated by Constitution, not only must their mental capabilities be fully developed but also their
physical, moral, spiritual, and social weel-being as well.
Philippine private education receives assistance from FAPE( FUND FOR ASSISTANCE TO
PRIVATE EDUCATION
●It was formally created on November 5, 1968 by executive Order No. 156 to implement. The project
Agreement of June 11, 1968 between the Philippines and United States governments.
●FAPE is also instrumental in the establisment of the (Private Education Retirement Annuity
Association) PERAA which provides a joint venture between teachers and private employer schools. It
puts up retirement benefits for the teachers , especially if a school cannot do.

Prepared by:

CAMILLE A. NOLASCO
MAEd, General Science