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Chapter 6. Tolerance Stack Up Analysis

The document discusses tolerance stack-up analysis, which involves stacking tolerances of parts within an assembly to determine the overall tolerance. It defines key terms like least material condition (LMC), maximum material condition (MMC), virtual condition (VC), and resultant condition (RC). The document outlines the steps in a stack-up analysis, including identifying dimensions to analyze, preparing a loop diagram showing tolerances, and setting up a stack-up table. Examples are provided to illustrate virtual condition, resultant condition, and how to account for geometric tolerances in the analysis.
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100% found this document useful (1 vote)
2K views31 pages

Chapter 6. Tolerance Stack Up Analysis

The document discusses tolerance stack-up analysis, which involves stacking tolerances of parts within an assembly to determine the overall tolerance. It defines key terms like least material condition (LMC), maximum material condition (MMC), virtual condition (VC), and resultant condition (RC). The document outlines the steps in a stack-up analysis, including identifying dimensions to analyze, preparing a loop diagram showing tolerances, and setting up a stack-up table. Examples are provided to illustrate virtual condition, resultant condition, and how to account for geometric tolerances in the analysis.
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Tolerance Stack – Up

Stack-up analysis is stacking the things within available space


• What is tolerance stack-up
• Benefits
• Factors to be considered for loop diagram
• Steps in stack-up
• Examples with or without geometric tolerances
• Verify the assembly and tolerances
before it gets manufactured
• Achieve required fits (optimize the
fits)
• Clearance
• Interference
• Transition
• Troubleshot after manufacturing
Terminologies
• Least Material Condition (LMC)
• Maximum Material Condition (MMC)
• Virtual Condition (VC)
• Resultant Condition (RC)
• Bonus Tolerance
LMC vs MMC
• MMC: The condition in which a feature of
size contains the maximum amount of
material within the stated limits of size
• Shaft: largest one
• Hole: smallest one
• LMC: The condition in which a feature of
size contains the least amount of material
within the stated limits of size.
• Shaft: smallest one
• Hole: largest one
Virtual Condition – worst scenario

• Shaft: what is maximum diameter of


hole is required in worst case of Shaft.
VC = MMC + Gtol

• Hole: what is maximum diameter of a


shaft it can accommodate in it’s worst
case of Shaft.
VC = MMC - Gtol
Resultant Condition

Resultant Condition (best case scenario)


• Shaft: when its diameter is smallest
• Hole: when its diameter is largest
Bonus Tolerance
• Modifier means when the shaft is
manufactured at its least material
of condition i.e. the smaller
diameter there is more tolerances
given on it.
Bonus = MMC - LMC
Shaft:
VC = MMC + Gtol
RC = LMC – Gtol – Bonus
Hole:
VC = MMC – Gtol
RC = LMC + Gtol + Bonus
Dimensioning Schemes

Chain Dimensioning Combined Dimensioning

Coordinate Dimensioning
Baseline Dimensioning
Assumptions

The given drawing is complete and has


dimension scheme is best for design
Steps in Stack-Up analysis

• Identify GAP, Thickness, Fit needed to be calculated


• List the Dimensions those contributes in Gap, Thickness, Fit
• Prepare a Loop Diagram
• Same direction tolerance on side and list Their Tolerances
• Prepare stack-up table (beware of direction in loop)
Loop Diagram Considerations
• Loop should be in one direction i.e. vertical, horizontal, or angualr
• Loop should be close
• While jumping from one component (in assembly)
• Axis aligned in case of threads
• Surface contact between components
Dimensioning method
• Limits: Max and min values [50.5 49.5]
• Unilateral [50-2]
• Unequal bilateral [50-.3+.5]
• Equal bilateral [50±]

Convert or dimensioning into the equal Bilateral Method to do Tolerance Stack-Up


Geometric Tolerance

Shaft (Block):
VC = MMC + Gtol = 22 + 1 = 23
RC = LMC –Gtol = 18 -1 = 17
Hole (Slot):
Convert to equal Bilateral 24 ±2
Assembly Shift

• The amount that parts can move during assembly


due to the clearance between a hole and a fastener, a
hole and a shaft, a width and a slot (like a key and
keyway) or between any external feature within an
internal feature
• It is a measure of how much parts can move relative
to one another about their locating features.
Considerations in Tolerance Stack-up Analysis
• All parts are considered in a static state:
• Worst-case static condition, reflecting worst-case misalignment, minimum
clearance or maximum interference.
• If more than one posit6iton or orientation of a part must be studied, as in the
case of a linkage or a mechanism, then a tolerance stackup should be done for
the considered feature at each important position or orientation
• Tolerance stackups are performed at a specified temperature.
Examples

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