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Course Material - Sensor

Inductive and capacitive proximity sensors are non-contact sensors that detect objects. Inductive sensors detect metallic objects by generating a magnetic field and sensing changes when objects enter the field through eddy currents. Capacitive sensors detect both metallic and non-metallic objects by sensing changes in capacitance between the sensor and object. Capacitive sensors work by creating a capacitor with the sensor as one plate and detected object as the other. Advantages of proximity sensors include no moving parts and detection of objects independent of color, while disadvantages include only detecting metals for inductive sensors and sensitivity to electromagnetic interference.

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44 views3 pages

Course Material - Sensor

Inductive and capacitive proximity sensors are non-contact sensors that detect objects. Inductive sensors detect metallic objects by generating a magnetic field and sensing changes when objects enter the field through eddy currents. Capacitive sensors detect both metallic and non-metallic objects by sensing changes in capacitance between the sensor and object. Capacitive sensors work by creating a capacitor with the sensor as one plate and detected object as the other. Advantages of proximity sensors include no moving parts and detection of objects independent of color, while disadvantages include only detecting metals for inductive sensors and sensitivity to electromagnetic interference.

Uploaded by

raja
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BEHAVIOUR OF INDUCTIVE AND CAPACITIVE PROXIMITY SENSOR

Introduction:
A Sensor is a device that identifies the progressions in electrical or physical or other
quantities and in a way to deliver a yield as an affirmation of progress in the quantity. In simple
terms, Industrial Automation Sensors are input devices which provide an output (signal) with
respect to a specific physical quantity (input).
In the industrial automation, sensors play a vital part to make the products intellectual
and exceptionally automatic. These permit one to detect, analyze, measure and process a
variety of transformations like alteration in position, length, height, exterior and dislocation
that occurs in the Industrial manufacture sites.
These sensors also play a pivotal role in predicting and preventing numerous potential
proceedings, thus, catering to the requirements of many sensing applications.

Proximity Sensors:
"Proximity Sensor" includes all sensors that perform non-contact detection in comparison
to sensors, such as limit switches, that detect objects by physically contacting them. Proximity
Sensors convert information on the movement or presence of an object into an electrical
signal. There are three types of detection systems that do this conversion: systems that use
the eddy currents that are generated in metallic sensing objects by electromagnetic induction,
systems that detect changes in electrical capacity when approaching the sensing object, and
systems that use magnets and reed switches.
This Technical Explanation defines all inductive sensors that are used for detecting
metallic objects, capacitive sensors that are used for detecting metallic or non-metallic
objects, and sensors that utilize magnetic DC fields as Proximity Sensors.

Behaviour of Inductive sensor and capacitive sensor:


Inductive Proximity Sensor:
Inductive proximity sensors generate a magnetic field from their detection faces.
Whenever a detectable object moves into the sensor’s field of detection, Eddy currents build
up in the target and dampen the sensor’s magnetic field. This effect triggers the sensor’s
output. Since a current in the target is needed for detection, inductive proximity sensors are
uniquely suited for detection of all types of metals.

Inductive Proximity Sensors detect magnetic loss due to eddy currents that are
generates on a conductive surface by an external magnetic field. An AC magnetic field
generates on the detection coil, and changes in the impedance due to eddy currents
generated on a metallic object are detected.

Capacitive Proximity Sensor:


The capacitive proximity sensors uses the variance in the capacitance of the sensor to
conclude that an object has been detected. The mechanism for this category is quite simple
in which the sensor act as a separate plate of the capacitor and the object acts as another
plate or voltage source for the object. The air is the dielectric material between these two
potentials. As soon as the object enters the dielectric of the plates, the capacitance of the
capacitor changes. This change is taken as detection of object.

The capacitive proximity sensors can detect both metallic and non-metallic targets in
powder, granulate, liquid, and solid form. The capacitive proximity sensors use the variance
in the capacitance of the sensor to concluded that an object has been detected.
Detection Principle of Capacitive Proximity Sensors
Capacitive Proximity Sensors detect changes in the capacitance between the sensing
object and the Sensor. The amount of capacitance varies depending on the size and distance
of the sensing object. An ordinary Capacitive Proximity Sensor is similar to a capacitor with
two parallel plates, where the capacity of the two plates is detected. One of the plates is the
object being measured (with an imaginary ground), and the other is the Sensor’s sensing
surface. The changes in the capacity generated between these two poles are detected.
The objects that can be detected depend on their dielectric constant, but they include
resin and water in addition to metals.
ADVANTAGES
• Not affected by humidity and dust
• No moving parts, no mechanical wear
• Independent of the color of the object to detect
• No dead zone
DISADVANTAGES
• Only detect metallic objects
• Low operating distance
• Sensitive to electromagnetic interference (such as electric welding, induction ovens)

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