Republic of the Philippines

BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

Pablo Borbon Main II, Batangas City
College of Engineering, Architecture & Fine Arts
www.batstate-u.edu.ph
Tel. No. (043) 425-0139 loc. 118

ELECTRONICS, INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL, AND MECHATRONICS

ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

EE 424 – CIRCUITS I

(GROUP NAME)
“TITLE”

SECTION: ICE - 2104

GROUP NO.

MEMBERS:

BAGUI, JEREMY ______________________________

DE CHAVEZ, JENIEL _________________________ ____

GAMBOA JEZREEL ______________________________

GUTIEREZ, JERICHO ______________________________

SEPTEMBER 30, 2020

ENGR. RODEL A. TEJADA

INSTRUCTOR
 EXPERIMENT NO. 1
“TITLE”

I. INTRODUCTION
Circuit is one kind of electrical path or loop between two or more points along
which a circulating current can flow or can be carried. It is a complete and closed
path which electrons from a voltage source or current source flow and there is a point
where the electrons can easily enter an electrical path is called the source of electrons.
In short, circuit is any kind of closed loop which electricity can extremely flow and it
allows flow of electricity, which is uninterrupted coming from the power source or
the voltage source, with the use of wires or conductors, going to the load, and coming
back again to the ground or voltage source of the whole circuit. In addition, circuit
may include several electrical components, such as resistors, capacitors, diodes, and
transistors, but the flow in each electrical element is unimpeded by an opening or
break in the loop of circuit.
There are two types of connection in the circuit, and this are the series and
parallel connection. In series connection, there is a closed circuit or loop in which the
current through each load is the same through each components and follows one path,
and the total voltage across the circuit is the sum of the voltages across each load. The
resistors involved in the circuit with the series connection are arranged tremendously
in a chain, so the current has one only loop to take. There is important and vital traits
or characteristics needed to be remember and this are any gap in the circuit will
render the entire loop or path defective, the current will be constant along and
throughout the circuit, and the total resistance of the circuit is equal to the sum of
each values of individual resistance in each load. In addition, series resistive circuits
are used in low power loop or path and are used in voltage divider circuits. On the
other hand, parallel circuit connection is also a closed loop or circuit that the current
involved divides into two or more loop or paths before recombining to accomplish
and complete the circuit and the voltage drops across each load or branches is the
same as the voltage gain from the source. Hence, each load connected in a separate
loop or path receives the full voltage that is drop across each of resistors are the same,
and the current is equal to the sum of the individual branch currents involved in two
or more loop.
However, to keep the electricity flowing when one pathway is interrupted, used
the parallel circuit connection. In addition, parallel connection has the advantage of
that a failure involved in one electrical component will not allow leading to the failure
or malfunction of the other electrical elements. There are many kinds of techniques or
method in order to measure the value for the electrical components involved in one
circuit. This are the theoretical analysis and actual analysis. In theoretical analysis,
the values in each electrical element can be computed through the formulas invented
by the scientist, one of the basic formulas in getting those values is the Ohm’s law in
 which it is one of the basic fundamental laws found in the electronics circuit that
allows student to get the value of resistance, voltage, and current. On the other hand,
there is another way to compute or to measure that value of each electrical elements
and this is what we called the actual analysis of the network, such as the AC-DC
trainer, multimeter, ammeter, etc. However, there is a software that covering most of
all devices that can measure the electrical elements involves in the circuit and this is
the NI Multisim.
Multisim is one of the software invented to calculate easily electrical components
by simulating circuit. Also, it allows learners to build a schematics and evaluate
circuit performance through interactive and advance analyses like using the digital
multimeter to measure the voltage, resistance, and current involved in constructive
circuit and by using wattmeter to measure the power involved in a circuit. Hence,
Multisim is student-friendly application that allows student to get what they need in
terms of network and circuit analysis.

II. OBJECTIVES
*To design and run a circuit using different connection
*To determine the value of current, voltage, and power of each resistor using multisim software
*To be able to identify the effect of increasing number of resistors upon the voltage drop across
and current through an individual resistor in a circuit.

III. MATERIALS/TOOLS/EQUIPMENT

Laptop - use for written report and to manipulate the multism

Cellphone -used to communicate with other members

Multism software -used to construct/plot the circuits and measure the VOLTAGE, CURRENT
AND POWER in each resistor.

Google meet -used to have meeting and brain storming with other members. papers -used for
illustrations of a circuits

pens/pencil -used for drawing and writing needed in experiment

Messenger app -used for communication

IV. PROCEDURES
1. First, our team was given a lab experiment about creating, designing and constructing
circuit using multism.

2. Then, our team decided to have a meeting in google meet to analyzed, to planned and to
shared ideas about the lab experiment.

3. After that meeting, our team came up to the first design of our resistive circuit to be used
in multism but we in our first design we just changed some minimal design just like
removing some resistor
 4. Lastly,

To make a circuit diagram we need the sketch of the circuit diagram itself and also multisim
software for the simulation of the circuit.

1. First step is open the multisim software like shown in the figure below
2. To start with the circuit diagram, find the basic components that you need on the toolbar
located at the upper part of your work place as shown in the figures

3. Plot the resistors and other components regarding to the sketch of your circuit diagram. Don’t
forget to put the ground on your circuit
4. Then
get the

current of each resistor. To get the current you need to use the multimeter which is located on the
side of the work place, connect the one side of the multimeter to the resistor and the other one is
to the end of the circuit as shown in the figure

The first one is the multimeter

To get the value of current the connection should be in series. Do this connection to the rest of
the resistor.
5. Then run the
circuit by
clicking the
play button like in the figure below

Reminder: in running a circuit make sure that the multimeter was set for the current or voltage
based on what you are finding.

6. List all the value of each resistor in a sheet of paper

7. Next is voltage, to get the voltage put the test probe on both side of the resistor as shown in the
figure.
Repeat procedure 5. Eo this to the rest of resistors then set the multimeter into V and play the
circuit, after that list all the value of voltage on a sheet of paper.

8. Lastly is power,
to get the value of
power we are going to
use the wattmeter which is located on the side of the workplace as shown in the figure.

The third one is the wattmeter

9. To get the value of power in each resistor use the connection of the wattmeter below. Then
simulate it to the rest of the resistor.
Repeat procedure number 5.

Then list all the value of power per resistor in a sheet of paper.

10. After the simulation of the circuit proceed in making your written report. All the gathered
value is going to put in the table with their corresponding symbol. In rechecking try to compute
each resistor 1 by 1 to make sure that the listed measurements are correct.
V. DATA AND RESULTS
ALL DATA AND RESULTS SHOULD BE TABULATED IF POSSIBLE.

Figure 2.1
TABLE 1
RESISTOR RESISTANCE
R1 6 ohms
R2 16 ohms
R3 21 ohms
R4 10 ohms
R5 3 ohms
R6 15 ohms
R7 12 ohms
R8 17 ohms
R9 2 ohms
R10 25 ohms
R11 14 ohms
R12 24 ohms
R13 7 ohms
R14 8 ohms
R15 1 ohms
R16 11 ohms
R17 20 ohms
R18 4 ohms
R19 13 ohms
R20 18 ohms
R21 9 ohms
R22 22 ohms
R23 5 ohms
R24 23 ohms
R25 19 ohms

As shown in table 1 there are different basic components in circuits that was given by
Circuit's professor for this laboratory experiment. Those components are voltage source, current
source, ground and resistors. The group members come up to a design that show in figure 2.1, all
the components are connected in series, parallel, delta and Y connection. There are 1 voltage
source with the value of 12V, 1 current source with a value of 6A, 1 ground and 25 resistors with
different value. In this laboratory experiment, there are resistor where in series connection which
are the R1 and R2, R5 and R9, in Y connection the resistors involve are R14, R15, R16 and R3,
R4, R7, while in delta connections R21, R22, R23 and R24, R25, R26 and the remaining
resistors are in parallel connection. Using the connection of all those components the design of
robot has been made.
 Figure 2.2

TABLE 2
RESISTOR VOLTAGE
R1 945.573mV
R2 2.522V
R3 8.725V
R4 13.626V
R5 13.912V
R6 3.868V
R7 11.365V
R8 102V
R9 9.275V
R10 401.098mV
R11 1.228V
R12 20.626V
R13 22.43V
R14 3.732V
R15 1.428V
R16 10.572V
R17 2.792 V
R18 111.484V
R19 6.427V
R20 5.048V
R21 2.43V
R22 2.016V
R23 414.025mV
R24 17.382V
 R25 22.43V

As illustrated in figure 2.2 the data shows that most of the circuits have one or more than
component, called a resistor that limits the flow of charge in the circuit. A measure of this limit
on charge flow is called resistance. The simplest combinations of resistors are the series and
parallel connections illustrated in figure 2.2. The total resistance in a combination of two or more
resistors that depends on their individual values and how they are connected to each other. And
always remember that the voltmeter's positive and negative poles cannot be reversed as it will
lead to a negative answer. Hence, the connection itself was reversed. So in getting the voltage of
a resistors we use voltmeters in multism that are connecting in a parallel for the resistors. After
using voltmeters in multisim we are manually solve for the checking and as the result the highest
voltage is the R1 that equal to 945.573 mV and the lowest voltage is the R11 that is equal to
1.228 V. Each of the resistors has different voltmeter. To identify the voltage, drop of a resistor,
multiply the current by the total resistance to get the voltage drop, according to ohms’ law V =
IR. This is equal to the voltage drop across the entire circuit and each resistor in a circuit. The
group members notice that while increasing the resistors that being use in circuits the voltage
value is decreasing in each resistor.

Figure 2.3
TABLE 3
RESISTOR CURRENT
R1 155.977mA
R2 155.977mA
R3 412.026mA
R4 1. 357A
R5 4.643A
R6 256.049mA
 R7 944.733mA
R8 6A
R9 4.643A
R10 16.37mA
R11 82.606mA
R12 862.127mA
R13 3.197A
R14 483.783mA
R15 1. 443A
R16 959.683mA
R17 139.606mA
R18 483.298mA
R19 483.783mA
R20 268.358mA
R21 264. 763mA
R22 90.263mA
R23 79.414mA
R24 762.99mA
R25 1.178A

As shown in table 3 the value of the current in the resistor have the same. For example,
the R1 and R2 have the same value because they are series in the circuit while for those who
have different value it is because they are parallel in the circuit. As shown in figure 2.3 it uses
the Ammeter to easily get its value. Each resistor has their own ammeter except for those who
are in series, they only use one because they’re equal. (Ammeter an instrument for measuring
electric current especially in amperes). While if we want to manually check the value if its
correct is by using its formula of the Ohms law I = V/R and as the result the highest current is the
R8 that is equal to 6A while the lowest is the R23 that is equal to 79.414mA. The group member
noticed that when the current increases, the use of the resistor also increases the current value
that flows in the circuit.
 Figure 2.4.1

Figure 2.4.2
TABLE 4
RESISTOR WATT
R1 149. 018W
R2 397.382mW
R3 3.625W
R4 18.567W
 R5 64.517W
R6 997. 532mW
R7 10.764W
R8 612W
R9 43. 011W
R10 6.435mW
R11 107.681mW
R12 17.726W
R13 71.873W
R14 1.741W
R15 2.038W
R16 10.161W
R17 400.737mW
R18 3.107mW
R19 3.177W
R20 1.416W
R21 656.065W
R22 184.723mW
R23 34.283mW
R24 13.137W
R25 26.480W

Table 4 shows, how to compute/measure a Power using multisim. Every resistor that are
connected to any type of connection have their own Wattmeter. The wattmeter is the device or
instrument that measure the electric power of various electric circuit in Watt(W). These
wattmeters consist of voltage terminal and current terminal. Connect the voltage terminal in
parallel with the load/resistor and then the current terminal is in series, it shows in Figure 2.4.
Same process in every resistor until every resistor has its own wattmeter. After it connect in all
resistors, the value will measure by clicking the play button. As shown in the table 4 the resistor
has highest value of Power(W) is in R8 which is in series of the current source, it means that if
any resistors or load that are in series in any load it can receive larger power compare to other
resistors who are in parallel connection. R20 received the lowest Power(W) from the source. To
check if the connection of the wattmeter is correct, the members use the formula to compute
manually the value in every resistor.

VI. CONCLUSION
 During the first meeting of our group we
encounter several problems in making the
sketch of circuit diagram. We come up to
different designs of the circuit because we
need to make sure that the connections of
wires in our circuit design doesn’t have any
shortage or possible short circuit. Then we
choose the design of robot face to proceed in
simulating it. In simulating the circuit some
problems occur we notice that our resistor
was too many for the given maximum
resistors. We adjust our connections to make
it perfect for the simulation of the whole
circuit. The application of multimeter and
wattmeter goes well and we get the values
BAGUI, JEREMY that we are finding and I found out that
having a wrong connection in the start of the
circuit will affect the whole circuit itself.

I conclude that by getting the measured values

of specific element, I learned that Multisim is
very useful concerning measuring the needed
values. With the use of Multisim, I learned
how to measure it with the use of Multimeter
device and simulating it within the workspace
to get easily the values intended under series-
parallel circuit/network. On the other hand, I
also practice what I have learned in the past
few months taking Circuits 1 in solving and
calculating the needed values in each
electrical components under the circuit. By
doing so, I can really say that I understood
thoroughly the principles and concept
regarding the theoretical analysis of a network
or circuit. By using many different value of
resistors in terms of voltage, as many resistor
DE CHAVEZ, JENIEL you used the voltage decrease while in
current, increase of use of resistors it also
increase the current flowing in circuit.
 This lab experiment helped everyone to
enhanced their own knowledge in creating,
designing, and simulating their own circuits.
It also boosts our problem solving skills
because there is a problem to be solved. Using
the multisim platform, it helps us to make our
circuit easily in our laptop.

GAMBOA, JEZREEL
Therefore, I conclude that our lab experiment
is working by the help of Multisim. I learned
that Multisim is useful with regards in getting
the value of different resistors, also in using
multimeter and voltmeter. Always remember
the voltage can be determined by multiplying
the current and the resistance which is V = I *
R. In this lab experiment I didn't encounter
any problems, it was a good learning
experience for me and to my teammates. We
mess a couple of time in connecting the wires
together, also with the mustimeters, but it was
GUTIEREZ, JERICHO in trial and error, we also learn that you can
overlap wires with the other wires and that's
good to know you for other experiments..

VII. REFERENCES

 https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circuits/Lesson-4/Parallel-
Circuits#:~:text=Answers%3A,through%20which%20charge%20can%20flow.

 https://courses.lumenlearning.com/physics/chapter/21-1-resistors-in-series-and-
parallel/