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NU - Lecture 12 (WATER HAMMER) PDF

This document discusses water hammer, which is the pressure rise in a pipeline caused by a sudden decrease or stoppage of fluid flow. It provides equations to calculate the pressure change due to water hammer (Ph) for both rigid and non-rigid pipes. An example problem is also included which asks to calculate the water hammer pressure under different scenarios, such as instantaneous valve closure or reducing flow rates over time periods ranging from instant to 1 second.

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926 views1 page

NU - Lecture 12 (WATER HAMMER) PDF

This document discusses water hammer, which is the pressure rise in a pipeline caused by a sudden decrease or stoppage of fluid flow. It provides equations to calculate the pressure change due to water hammer (Ph) for both rigid and non-rigid pipes. An example problem is also included which asks to calculate the water hammer pressure under different scenarios, such as instantaneous valve closure or reducing flow rates over time periods ranging from instant to 1 second.

Uploaded by

Mr. Mark B.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HYDRAULICS

Lecture 12. Water Hammer


Water Hammer –is term used to express (for water in 30C, EB = 2.25 x 106
the resulting shock (pressure rise) in a Pa)
E= modulus of elasticity of the
pipeline cause by the sudden decrease or
pipe wall in Pa
stoppage of motion (rate of flow or
t = pipe thickness in mm
velocity) of the fluid.
d = internal diameter of pipe
tc= time of closure in sec
For rigid pipes: L = length of the pipe in m
v = velocity of flow in m/s
Ph = pressure change due to water
hammer in Pa
 = density of fluid in kg/m3
For non-rigid pipes:

EXAMPLES.
1. In the figure shown, the elasticity and dimensions of the
pipe are such that the celerity of the pressure wave is 950
m/s. The flow is initially 1 m3/s. Find
a. The water hammer pressure for instantaneous
valve closure.
b. The approximate water hammer pressure at the
valve if it is closed in 4 sec.
c. The water hammer pressure at the valve if it is
manipulated so that the flow rate drops almost
instantly from 1 m3/s to 0.4 m3/s.
d. The maximum water hammer pressure at a
Instantaneous closure (𝒕𝒄 = 𝟎) point in the pipe 100 m from the reservoir if the
flow rate is reduced from 0.5 m3 to 0 m3/s in 1
sec.

𝟐𝑳
2. Rapid closure (𝒕𝒄 < )
𝒄

𝟐𝑳
3. Slow closure (𝒕𝒄 > )
𝒄

Where:
c = celerity, velocity of the
pressure wave in m/s
EB = bulk modulus of elasticity of
fluid in Pa

Hydraulics Leselle C. Quitaneg

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