1.

Impl
ement
ati
onofSubst
it
uti
onCi
pheri
nC++:
-
/
/Pr
ogr
am f
orsubst
it
uti
onci
pher
#i
ncl
ude<i
ost
ream.
h>
#i
ncl
ude<st
dio.
h>
#i
ncl
ude<coni
o.h>
#i
ncl
ude<st
ri
ng.
h>
v
oidmai
n()/
/Mai
nfunct
ion
{
charch;
/
/ar
rayt
ofi
ndposi
ti
onf
orencr
ypt
ion
charal
pha[
]="
abcdef
ghi
j
klmnopqr
stuv
wxy
z";
/
/ar
rayt
ofi
ndposi
ti
onf
ordecr
ypt
ionchar
al
pha1[
]="
XNYAHPOGZQWBTSFLRCVMUEKJDI
";
i
nti
,
j,
choi
ce,
temp[
100]
;
cl
rscr
();
do
{
chari
nput
[100]
;
cout
<<"
\nEnt
ert
het
ext
:"
;
/
/Inputst
ri
ng
get
s(i
nput
);
cout
<<"
\n1.
Encr
ypt
\n2.
Decr
ypt
\nEnt
erchoi
ce:
";
ci
n>>choi
ce
swi
tch(
choi
ce)
{
case1:
{
/
/Encr
ypt
ion
cout
<<"
\nEncr
ypt
edt
ext:
";
 /
/Encr
ypt
edText
f
or(
i=0;
i
<input
[i
]!
='
\0'
;
i++)
cout
<<al
pha1[
temp[
i]
];
br
eak;
}
case2:
{
/
/Decr
ypt
ion
cout
<<"
\nDecr
ypt
edt
ext:
";
/
/Fi
ndi
ngposi
ti
onofi
nputst
ri
ng
f
or(
i=0;
i
<input
[i
]!
='
\0'
;
i++)
{
f
or(
j=0;
j
<26;
j
++)
{
i
f(
input
[i
]==al
pha1[
j]
)
t
emp[
i]
=j;
}}
/
/Decr
ypt
edt
ext
f
or(
i=0;
i
<input
[i
]!
='
\0'
;
i++)
cout
<<al
pha[
temp[
i]
];
br
eak;
}
}
cout
<<"
\nEnt
erchoi
cet
ocont
inue(
Y/N)
:"
;
ci
n>>ch;
}
whi
l
e(ch=='
y'|
|ch=='
Y'
);
get
ch(
);
}
Out
put
:-

Ent
ert
het
ext:
secr
etemessage
1.
Encr
ypt
2.
Decr
ypt
Ent
erchoi
ce:
1
Encr
ypt
edt
ext:
VHYCHMHTHVVXOH
Ent
erchoi
cet
ocont
inue(
Y/N)
:y
Ent
ert
het
ext:
VHYCHMHTHVVXOH
1.
Encr
ypt
2.
Decr
ypt
Ent
erchoi
ce:
1
Encr
ypt
edt
ext:
secr
etemessage
2.
Impl
ement
ati
onofceaserci
pher
:-

#i
ncl
ude<i
ostr
eam>
#i
ncl
ude<st
ri
ng.h>

usi
ngnamespacest
d;

i
ntmai n()
{
  cout <<"Ent ert hemessage: \n";
  charmsg[ 100] ;
  cin.getl
ine( msg, 100) ; //takethemessageasi nput
  inti ,j
,lengt h,choi ce, key;
   cout<<" Ent erkey :" ;
  cin>>key ; //taket hekeyasi nput
  lengt h=st rlen( msg) ;
   cout <<"Ent ery ourchoi ce\ n1.Encr y
ption\ n2.Decr
ypt
ion\
n";
  ci n>>choi ce;
   if( choice==1) //forencryption
{
    charch;
    for(inti =0; msg[ i]!='\
0';++i)
{
      ch=msg[ i
];
      
/ /encr y ptforlower caseletter
      If(ch>=' a'&&ch<=' z'
)
{
       ch=ch+key ;
       if(ch>' z')
{
         ch=ch-' z'+'a'-1;
       } 
       msg[ i
]=ch;
      }
      // encr yptf orupper caseletter
      el sei f( ch>=' A'&&ch<=' Z')
{
       ch=ch+key ;
       if( ch>' Z')
{
         ch=ch-' Z'+'A'-1;
       }
       msg[ i]=ch;
      }
    }
    printf (
"Encr y
pt edmessage: %s" ,
msg) ;
   }
   el
seif(choice==2)
{
//fordecry
pti
on
    charch;
    for(
inti=0;msg[
i]!
='\
0';
++i
)
{

     ch=msg[ i];
      //decryptforl owercasel ett
er
      i
f(ch>=' a'&&ch<=' z')
{
       ch=ch-key ;
       if(
ch<' a' )
{
         ch=ch+' z'-'a'+1;
       }
       msg[i]=ch;
      }
      //decryptforupper casel etter
      
elseif(ch>=' A'&&ch<=' Z')
{
       ch=ch-key ;
       i
f(ch<' A')
{
         ch=ch+' Z' -'
A' +1;
       }
       msg[ i]=ch;
      }
    }
    cout<<" Decr yptedmessage: "<<msg;
   }
getch(
);
}

OUTPUT:
-
Forencrypti
on:
Enterthemessage:
tut
orial
Enterkey:3
Enteryourchoi
ce
1.Encrypti
on
2.Decrypti
on
1
Encr
ypt
edmessage:
wxwr
uldo

Fordecrypti
on:
Enterthemessage:
wxwr ul
do
Enterkey:3
Enteryourchoi
ce
1.Encrypti
on
2.Decrypti
on
2
Decryptedmessage:t
utori
al
3.I
mpl
ement
ati
onofHi
l
lCi
pheri
nC++:
-
/
/Pr
ogr
am f
orHi
l
lCi
pher
#incl ude<iost ream>
#incl ude<mat h.h>
usingnamespacest d;
fl
oaten[ 3][
1] ,de[3][1],a[
3][
3],b[3]
[3]
,msg[3][
1],m[3]
[3]
;
voidget Key Mat rix
()
{
//getkeyandmessagef rom user
  i nti,j;
  charmes[ 3];
  cout <<" Enter3x3mat ri
xforkey( shoul
dhav ei
nverse):
\n"
;
  f or(i=0; i<3; i
++)
  f or(j=0; j<3; j
++)
{
    ci n>>a[ i][
j]
;
    m[ i
][j]=a[ i]
[j
];
   }
  cout <<"\nEnt erast r
ingof3l ett
er(
useAt hroughZ):";
  cin>>mes;
  for(i=0; i <3; i++)
  msg[ i
][
0]=mes[ i]-65;
}

voidencr ypt()
{
/
/encr yptsthemessage
  i
nti,j,
k;
  f
or(i=0; i<3; i++)
   f
or (
j=0; j <1;j++)
    for(k=0; k<3; k++)
   
en[ i
][
j]=en[ i
][
j]+a[ i
][
k]*msg[k][
j]
;
  
cout <<"\nEncry pt
edst r
ingis:
";
   
for (
i=0; i<3; i++)
    cout<<(char )
(fmod( en[i
][
0],
26)+65) ;
//modul o26i stakenf oreachelementofthemat
ri
xobt
ainedbymul
ti
pli
cat
ion
}

v
oidinv er
sematri
x()
{
//
findinv
erseofkeymat
ri
x
   i
nti,j,
k;
  fl
oatp, q;
  for(
i =0;i<3;i
++)
   f
or(j=0;j<3;j++)
 {
    i f(i==j)
      b[ i]
[j]
=1;
    el se
       b[i]
[j]
=0;
  }
  for
(k=0; k<3; k++)
{
    for (
i =0; i<3; i
++)
{
      p=m[ i
][k];
      q=m[ k][k]
;
      
for(j=0; j<3;j++)
{
       if(i!=k)
{
         m[i]
[j]=m[i]
[j
]*q-p*m[k]
[j
];
         b[
i]
[j]=b[i
][j
]*
q-p* b[
k][
j]
;
       }
      }
    }
   }
  for
(i=0; i<3;i++)
  for
(j=0; j<3;j++)
   b[i][
j]=b[ i
][j
]/m[ i]
[i
];
  cout<<"\n\nInv erseMat rixis:
\n";
  for
(i=0; i<3;i++)
{
    f or(j=0; j<3; j
++)
    cout <<b[i][j
]<<"";
    cout <<"\n" ;
   }
}

voi
ddecr y pt(
)
{
//decr yptthemessage
   i
nti ,j
, k;
   i
nv ersemat ri
x();
   for (
i=0; i<3;i++)
   for (
j=0; j<1;j++)
   for (
k=0; k<3; k++)
   de[ i
][
j]=de[ i]
[j
]+b[ i]
[k]*en[k]
[j
];
    cout <<"\nDecry pt
edst ri
ngis:";
   f or(
i =0; i<3;i++)
   cout <<(char)(fmod( de[i
][
0],26)+65);
//modul o26i st akent ogettheori
ginal
message
   cout
<<"
\n"
;
}

i
ntmai n(
)
{
  getKeyMatri
x()
;
   encrypt
();
  decr ypt
();
}

OUTPUT:
-
Ent
er3x3mat
ri
xforkey(
shoul
dhav
einv
erse)
:
1
0
1
2
4
0
3
5
6

Ent
erast
ri
ngof3l
ett
er(
useAt
hroughZ)
:ABC

Encr
ypt
edst
ri
ngi
s:CER

I
nv erseMatri
xis:
1.090910.227273-0.
181818
-0.5454550.
1363640.0909091
-0.0909091-0.
2272730.
181818

Decr
ypt
edst
ri
ngi
s:ABC
4.
GCDusi
ngEucl
i
deanal
gor
it
hm usi
ngr
ecur
sion:
-

#include<st dio.h>
#include<st dli
b.h>
#include<mat h.h>
//Calculatesgcdofn1andn2r ecur
siv
ely
i
ntgcd( inta, i
ntb)
{
 
  
 if(a==0)
 
  
   
  
retur nb;
 
  
 else
 
  
   
  
retur ngcd( b%a, a)
;
}
voidmai n()
{
 
  
 intn1,n2,answer ;
 
  
 printf
("Ent erthet wonumbers\n")
;
 
  
 scanf ("%d%d" ,
&n1,&n2)
;
 
  
 answer =gcd( n1,n2);
 
  
 printf
("GCD( %d,%d)=%d" ,
n1,
n2,answer
);
}

GCDusi
ngExt
endedEucl
i
deanal
gor
it
hm:
-

#i
ncl
ude<st
dio.
h>
#i
ncl
ude<st
dli
b.h>
#i
ncl
ude<mat
h.h>

/
/It
erat
ivef
unct
iont
ocal
cul
ategcdoft
wonumber
s
/
/usi
ngEucl
i
d’sAl
gor
it
hm
i
nteucl
i
d(i
nta,
intb)
{
i
ntr
;
 /
/loopt
il
lremai
nderi
s0
whi
l
e(b>0)
{
/
/cal
cul
ater
emai
nder
r=a%b;

/
/abecomesbandbbecomesr
a=b;
b=r
;
}

r
etur
na;
}

/
/mai
nfunct
ion
i
ntmai
n()
{
FI
LE*
in,
*out
;

i
n=f
open(
"i
nput
.t
xt"
,"r
");
i
f(i
n==NULL)
{
pr
int
f("
Cannotopensour
cef
il
e.\
n")
;
exi
t(
1);
}

out=f
open(
"out
put
.t
xt"
,"w"
);
i
f(out==NULL)
{
 pr
int
f("
Cannotopendest
inat
ionf
il
e.\
n")
;
exi
t(
1);
}

i
nta,
b;
charch;

/
/dot
il
lend-
of-
fi
lei
sreached
whi
l
e(!
feof
(i
n))
{
/
/readnextpai
rofi
nputf
rom t
hef
il
e
f
scanf
(i
n,"
%d%d"
,&a,
&b)
;

/
/cal
cul
ategcdandpr
intt
otheout
putf
il
e
f
pri
ntf
(out
,"eucl
i
d(%d,
%d)=%d\
n",
a,b,
eucl
i
d(a,
b))
;

/
/got
onextl
i
ne
ch=get
c(i
n);
}

/
/cl
osei
nputandout
putf
il
est
ream
f
close(
out
);
f
close(
in)
;

r
etur
n0;
}
OUTPUT:
-
eucl
i
d(2740,
1760)
=20
eucl
i
d(6,
4)=2
5.
Implement
ati
onofRSAAl
gor
it
hm i
nC(
Encr
ypt
ionand
Decr
ypti
on):
-

#i
ncl
ude<st
dio.
h>
#i
ncl
ude<st
dli
b.h>
#i
ncl
ude<math.
h>
#i
ncl
ude<st
ri
ng.h>

i
ntx,y,
n,t,i,fl
ag;
l
onginte[50],d[50],
temp[
50]
,j
,m[
50]
,en[
50]
;
charmsg[100];
i
ntpri
me(longi nt);
voi
dencryption_key();
l
ongintcd(longi nt
);
voi
dencrypt();
voi
ddecrypt();

i
ntmai n()
{
pri
ntf(
"\nENTERFIRSTPRI
MENUMBER\n"
);
scanf("
%d",&x);
fl
ag=pr ime(x)
;
i
f(fl
ag==0)
{
pri
ntf(
"\nI
NVALIDINPUT\
n")
;
exi
t(0);
}
pri
ntf(
"\nENTERSECONDPRIMENUMBER\n"
);
scanf("
%d",&y);
fl
ag=pr ime(y)
;
i
f(fl
ag==0| |x==y)
{
pri
ntf(
"\nI
NVALIDINPUT\
n")
;
exi
t(0);
}
pri
ntf(
"\nENTERMESSAGEORSTRINGTOENCRYPT\
n")
;

scanf("
%s",msg);
for
(i=0; msg[i
]!=NULL;
i++)
m[i]=msg[ i
];
n=x*y ;
t=(x-1)*(y-1)
;
encrypti
on_key()
;
pri
ntf("
\nPOSSIBLEVALUESOFeANDdARE\
n")
;
for
(i=0; i<j-
1;i
++)
 pri
ntf(
"\n%ld\
t%ld"
,e[
i]
,d[
i]
);
encrypt(
);
decrypt(
);
ret
urn0;
}
i
ntpr i
me( l
ongintpr)
{
i
nti;
j=sqr t
(pr)
;
for(
i=2; i<=j;
i++)
{
if(
pr%i ==0)
r
eturn0;
}
ret
urn1;
}

/
/funct i
ont ogenerateencr
ypt
ionkey
v
oi dencr ypti
on_key()
{
i
ntk;
k=0;
f
or (
i =2; i<t;i
++)
{
i
f(t%i ==0)
cont inue;
fl
ag=pr ime(i
);
i
f(fl
ag==1&&i !
=x&&i !
=y)
{
e[k]=i ;
flag=cd( e[
k])
;
i
f(fl
ag>0)
{
d[k]=f l
ag;
k++;
}
if(
k==99)
break;
}
}
}
l
ongi ntcd( l
onginta)
{
l
ongi ntk=1;
while(1)
{
k=k+t ;
 i
f(k%a==0)
retur
n(k/a)
;
}
}

/
/ functi
ont oencryptthemessage
v
oi dencr ypt()
{
l
ongi ntpt ,ct,
key=e[ 0]
,k,
len;
i=0;
l
en=st rlen(msg);
whi l
e(i!=len)
{
pt=m[ i];
pt=pt-96;
k=1;
for(j=0; j<key;j
++)
{
k=k*pt ;
k=k%n;
}
temp[ i]=k;
ct=k+96;
en[ i
]=ct ;
i++;
}
en[i]=-1;
printf
("\n\nTHEENCRYPTEDMESSAGEI
S\n"
);
for(i=0; en[i
]!=-
1;i++)
printf
("%c",en[i
])
;
}

/
/functi
ont odecryptt
hemessage
v
oi ddecry
pt()
{
l
ongintpt,ct,key=d[0]
,k;
i=0;
whil
e(en[
i]!=-1)
{
ct=temp[ i
];
k=1;
for
(j=0;j<key ;j
++)
{
k=k*ct ;
k=k%n;
}
pt=k+96;
 m[ i
]=pt ;
i++;
}
m[i]=-1;
pri
ntf("
\n\nTHEDECRYPTEDMESSAGEI
S\n"
);
for(i=0;m[ i
]!=-
1;i
++)
printf
("%c",m[
i]
);
printf
("\n"
);
}

OUTPUT:
-
Ent
erf
ir
stpr
imenumber

Ent
ersecondpr
imenumber

13

Ent
ermessageorst
ri
ngt
oencr
ypt

Hel
l
o

Possi
blev
aluesofeanddar
e

5 29

11 59

17 17

19 19

23 47

29 5

31 7

Theencr
ypt
edmessagei
s

Hezzi

Thedecr
ypt
edmessagei
s

Hel
l
o
 I
6.mpl
ement
ati
onofDi
ff
ie-
Hel
l
manAl
gor
it
hm:
-

/
*Thi
spr
ogr
am cal
cul
atest
heKeyf
ort
woper
sons 
usingt heDiffie-Hel lmanKeyexchangeal gorit
hm * /
#include<stdio. h>
#include<mat h.h>
 
 
//Powerf unct iont or eturnv alueofa^bmodP
l
ongl ongi ntpower (longl ongi nta, longlongintb,
 
  
   
   
  
  
   
  
  
  
   
   
   
   
   
longl ongi ntP)
{ 
 
  
 if(b==1)
 
  
   
  r
eturna;
 
 
 
  
 else
 
  
   
  r
eturn(((longl ongi nt)pow( a, b))%P) ;
}
 
 
//Driverprogr am
i
ntmai n()
{
 
  
 longl ongintP, G, x, a,y,b,ka, kb; 
 
  
    //Bot htheper sonswi l
l beagr eedupont he 
 
  
   
  /
/publ i
ckey sGandP 
 
  
 P=23;
//Apr imenumberPi staken
 
  
 printf("
Thev alueofP: %ll
d\ n",P); 
  G=9;
/
/Apr i
mi tv erootf orP, Gi staken
 
  
 printf("
Thev alueofG: %ll
d\ n\n", G);
 
 
   //Al i
cewi llchooset hepr ivatekeya 
 
  
 a=4;
/
/ai sthechosenpr ivatekey  
 
  
 printf("
Thepr ivatekeyaf orAl i
ce: %ll
d\n",
a) ;
 
  
 x=power (G, a,P) ;
//get sthegener atedkey
 
  
 / /Bobwi llchooset hepr i
v atekeyb
 
  
 b=3;
//bi sthechosenpr i
vatekey
 
  
 printf("
Thepr ivatekeybf orBob: %ll
d\n\n",b);
 
  
 y=power (
G, b,P) ;
//get sthegener atedkey
 
//Gener at ingt hesecr etkeyaf tertheexchange
 
  
   
  /
/ofkey s
 
  
 ka=power (y ,a,P) ;//Secr etkeyf orAli
ce
 
  
 kb=power (x,
b,P)
;//Secr
etkeyf
orBob
 
  
  
 
 
  
 pri
ntf
("Secr
etkeyf
ortheAli
ceis:
%lld\n"
,ka)
;
 
  
 pri
ntf
("Secr
etKeyfort
heBobis:%ll
d\n",
kb);
 
  
  
 
 
  
 ret
urn0;
}

OUTPUT:
-
Thev
alueofP:
23

Thev
alueofG:
9
Thepr
ivat
ekeyaf
orAl
i
ce:
4

Thepr
ivat
ekeybf
orBob:
3

Secr
etkeyf
ort
heAl
i
cei
s:9

Secr
etKeyf
ort
heBobi
s:9