IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON PERFORMANCE OF STEEL FIBER

AND POLYMER MODIFIED RECYCLED AGGREGATE CONCRETE

Prathik Kulkarni1, Kashimalla Ramesh2, N.M.Kanhe3, Dhanalakshmi Vasa4

1
Assistant professor, Civil Engineering, Gurunanak Institute of Technical Campus, Telengana, India
2
Assistant professor, Civil Engineering, Gurunanak Institute of Technical Campus, Telengana, India
3
Professor, Civil Engineering, Principal,Gurunank Engineering College @ Nagpur, Maharastra, India
4
Assistant professor, Civil Engineering, Gurunanak Institute of Technical Campus, Telengana, India

Abstract
The amount of construction waste has been dramatically increased in the last decade due to increase of population & high rise
building in the country. So there is an immediate need of using the aggregate from the old demolished buildings for other
construction works such as roads, canals, retaining walls ...etc.

Due to the lack of natural resource and dumping areas in the country, Recycling Aggregate is playing an important role in
present situations. In this project a study on M25 Grade of concrete of Natural Aggregate(NA), Recycled Aggregate(RA), 30 Kg
/m3 Steel Fiber Recycled Aggregate(SFRA) (aspect ratio=50), Modified Polymer Recycled Aggregate(PMRA) (Styrene butadiene
rubber polymer=5%) has been carried out with water cement ratio =0.50

In this experimental investigation total number of 12 cubes ,12 beams & 12 cylinders of size 150x150mm , 150x150x700mm ,
150x300mm specimens respectively were tested for 28 days & 3 cubes of Natural Aggregate, 3 cubes of Recycled Aggregate , 3
cubes of Steel Fibre Recycled Aggregate, 3 cubes of Modified Polymer Recycled Aggregate were tested in compressive testing
machine for 7 days. The project is carried out at Gurunanak engineering college, Nagpur

The following tests were carried out for the above specimens for 28 days
1) Compressive test 2) Split tensile test 3) Flexure test

Key words: na=natural aggregate1, ra=recycled aggregate2, sfra=steel fiber recycled aggregate3, pmra=polymer modified
recycled aggregate4, conventional concrete (cc) 5,natural aggregate concrete (nac)6 with that of recycled aggregate concrete
(rac7), steel fibre recycled aggregate concrete (sfrac8), polymer modified recycled aggregate concrete (pmrac)9.
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1. INTRODUCTION Indian Status:-

Central Pollution Control Board(CPCD) has estimated
Concrete is a composite material composed of aggregate current quantum of solid waste generation in India to the
bonded together with a fluid cement which hardens over tune of 48 million tons per annum out of which, waste
time. Any construction activity requires several materials from construction industry only accounts for more than
such as concrete, steel, brick, stone, glass, clay, mud, wood, 25%. Management of such high quantum of waste puts
and so on enormous pressure on solid waste management system
Natural Aggregates:- 1.1 Benefits Of RA:-
Natural aggregates consist of rock fragments that are used in
their natural state, or are used after mechanical processing Reduce the amount of virgin rock mined.
such as crushing, washing, and sizing. Crushed stone and Decrease the energy used for processing.
sand and gravel are the two primary sources of natural Conserve the energy used for trucking.
aggregate, which are used directly in construction or as a They are more cost efficient than most regular aggregates
raw material for construction products such as concrete and
bituminous road materials 2. EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
Recycled aggregate:- The general objectives of theses experimental investigation
When structures made of concrete are demolished or is to compare the Performance of conventional concrete
renovated and the aggregate is taken from such buildings is (CC) or Natural Aggregate Concrete (NAC) with that of
know as recycled aggregate. The extensive research on Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC), Steel Fibre Recycled
recycled concrete aggregate and recycled aggregate concrete Aggregate concrete (SFRAC), Polymer Modified Recycled
(RAC) as started from year 1945 Aggregate Concrete (PMRAC).

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The specific objective of the research work is to carry out 40 kg/m3 steel fibre volume and SBR latex dosage in terms
comparative studies of NAC, RAC, SFRAC, and PMRAC. of polymer/cement ratio of 10%in RAC.
First of all physical and Mechanical Properties of NAC &
RAC were studied. Later on mix design were prepared using Mix design for medium strength concrete of grade M25
NAC & RAC for Water/cement Ratio=0.50. Various tests Mix design for M25 grade of concrete (NAC)
like compressive test, split tensile test, Flexure test were
carried out on these concrete. I) Data for mix design:
The following mentioned physical and mechanical tests
were carried out to compare NAC & RAC. 1) Characteristic strength=25 MPA
2) Maximum size of aggregate=20mm
3) Degree of workability (in terms of slump)=50-100mm
2.1 Physical Properties:-
4) Compaction factor=0.85
Properties of aggregates (NAC) (RCA) 5) Degree of quality control=Good
6) Type of exposure=Mild
Specific gravity 2.70 2.42
Specific Gravity of:
Bulk density(kg/l) 1.446 1.286
Flakiness Index (%) 18 21 1) Cement = 3.05
Elongation Index (%) 0.8 2 2) Coarse Aggregate = 2.70
Water absorption (%) 0.70 2 3) Fine Aggregate = 2.60

2.2 Mechanical Properties For Nac & Rac:- II) Target mean strength of concrete:
Fck = fck + (t * S)
Properties of aggregates (NAC) (RCA) =25 + 1.65*4.0
=31.6 Mpa.
Crushing strength (%) 8.205 11.785
Impact strength (%) 5 11.66 III) Selection of water - cement ratio
For target strength of 31.6 Mpa and water cement ratio=0.50
2.3 FINE AGGREGATE:-
Fine aggregate used for medium and high strength concrete IV) Selection of water and sand content
should be properly graded to give minimum void ratio and
For 20mm down grade aggregate and sand confirming to
be free from deleterious materials like clay, silt content and
grading zone-II, water content per cubic metre of concrete
chloride content. In present work fine aggregate was used
=186 litres/m3 and sand content as percentage of total
locally available sand.
aggregate by absolute volume= 35%

SN.NO TEST RESULTS OBTAINED For change in value in water ratio, compaction factor, for
1 Specific Gravity 2.6 sand belonging to zone-III the following adjustment is
2 Water absorption 1.01 required

2.4 Cement:- Adjustment of sand, compaction factor

Percent
Factors which are important in selection of type of cement Adjustment
are compressive strength at various ages, heat of hyderation, Change in condition Required
alkali content,C₃A content and compatibility with
admixtures. Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) of 53 grades Water Sand in total
was used for preparing concrete throughout the concrete. content aggregate
For sand confirming to Zone-II 0 0
Properties of aggregates NAC RAC
of Table 4,IS 383-1970
Specific gravity of cement 3.05 3.05
For increase in compaction +1.5% 0

2.5 Mix Design factor (0.85-0.8), this is 0.05

Based on the Physical Properties of fine aggregate For decrease in water cement 0 -2%
confirming to M25 grade of NAC using Indian standard ratio by (0.60 – 0.50)=0.10
recommended method of mix design .The mix was for NAC
the same mix design were prepared for RAC, SFRAC, and Total +1.5 -2%
PMRAC as to compare the various concrete properties of
NAC with it. It was decided from past research work to use
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Therefore, required sand content as percentage of total Nature of concrete Compressive strength (MPA)
aggregate by NAC 18.2
RAC 14
Absolute volume = 35-2 = 33% SFRAC 17
Required Water content = 186 +2.79=188.79 lit/m3 PMRAC 15.8

V) Determination of cement content:

Water/cement Ratio = 0.50

Water = 188.79 lit/m3

Cement = 188.79/0.50

Cement = 377.58 Kg/m3

VI) Determination of coarse and fine aggregate:

For nominal size of 20mm aggregate, the air content is 2%
taking into account and applying Following equation
For Fine Aggregate Compressive test was carried out for 7 days on cube of
V = [W + (C/S˛) + (1/P)*(fa/SFa)] * (1/1000) dimensions 150x150x150mm and found that Natural
0.98 m3 = [188.79 + (377.58/3.05) + (1/0.33)*( fₐ/2.6) ] x Aggregate Concrete is having more compressive strength
(1/1000) when compared with Recycle Aggregate Concrete and there
fₐ= 575.36 Kg/m3 is an increase of 21.4%with addition of Steel Fibres in
For Coarse Aggregate Recycle Aggregate and a increase of 12.85% in Polymer
Cₐ = (1 – P)/P * fa * S˛a/ Sfa Modified Recycled Aggregate Concrete
Cₐ = (1 – 0.33)/0.33 * 576.85 * 2.7/ 2.6
Cₐ = 1213.08 Kg/m3 Out of these tests Specific Gravity is one of the important
The mix proportion then becomes:-Mix proportion factors that needed to calculate mix design for concrete. The
specific Gravity of aggregate is mainly affected by the
amount of moister present and the geological properties of
Water Cement FA CA
aggregate. In this project specific gravity of aggregate was
188.79 377.58 575.36 1213.08 used to determine the volume and weight of aggregate
0.50 1 1.523 3.21 needed for concrete mixes. The determination of specific
gravity is according to IS: 383-1970

Cubes after testing Testing of cube In CTM

Fibre content(Kg/m3)

Polymer content (%)

NCA (Kg/m3)

RCA (Kg/m3)
FA (Kg/m3)
Mix Design

C (Kg/m3)

Free W/C
RCA (%)

NA 0 377.58 575.36 1213.08 0 0.50 0 0

RA 100 377.58 575.36 0 1213.08 0.50 0 0

SFRA 100 377.58 575.36 0 1213.08 0.5 30 0

SFRA 100 377.58 575.36 0 1213.08 0.5 30 0

3.1.1) Compressive Strength of Concrete For 28

3) RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Days:-
3.1) Compressive strength for 7 days:-
Compressive strength for 28 days is tested in CTM with
Compressive strength for 28 days is tested in CTM with different nature of concrete as tabulated below. The size of
different nature of concrete as tabulated below. The size of specimen is 150mm x 150m
specimen is 150mm x 150mm. Compressive strength of concrete = load (P)/ Area (A)
Compressive strength of concrete = load (P)/ Area (A)
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Nature of concrete Compressive strength (MPA)

NAC 31.23
RAC 26.88
SFRAC 32.73
PMRAC 28.18

From the graph if we compare Natural Aggregate Concrete

(NAC) with Recycled Aggregate Concrete (RAC) the
strength of RAC is reduced by 28.0% so to increase the
strength of RAC we have added Steel fiber of aspect ratio
(a/d=50) and polymer as (ACSBR=apple chemist styrene
butadiene rubber) and there was an increase by 31.16% in
SFRAC and 12.15% in PMRAC

The above graphs tells that strength of steel fibre recycled cylinders Testing of cylinders under CTM
aggregate concrete is more of all the concrete if we compare
Natural aggregate concrete (NAC) with Recycled aggregate
concrete(RAC) there is a decrease in strength of 16% but
when we add fibres and polymer to Recycled aggregate
concrete there is increase in strength by 21.76% & 4.83%
for Steel Fibre Recycled Aggregate Concrete(SFRAC) &
Polymer Modified Recycled aggregate Aggregate Concrete
(PMRAC)

Testing of cube for 28 Days

3.3) Flexural test:-

The flexural strength of the specimen is expressed as
modulus of rupture which depends on the dimension of the
beam and the type of loading . The size of specimen is
150x150x700mm and 3 point loading
3.2) Split Tensile test The modulus of rupture fb = PL / bxd 2
For tensile test the specimen of size 150mmx300mm is
tested in CTM . The specimens were demoulded after 24 hrs Nature of Aggregate Average strength
and was transferred to curing for 28 days.
NAC 6.9
Split tensile strength of concrete = 2P / πDL
Nature of Aggregate Average strength RAC 4.83
NAC 3.74
SFRAC 7.73
RAC 2.92
PMRAC 5.25
SFRAC 3.83

PMRAC 3.275

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Beams ,cubes, cylinders Beam after testing 3. CONCLUSIONS

 It has been observed that the specific gravity of Natural
Coarse Aggregate is more than the Recycled Coarse
Aggregate
 Compressive test was carried out for 7 days on cube of
dimensions 150x150x150mm and found that Natural
Aggregate Concrete is having more compressive
strength when compared with Recycle Aggregate
Concrete and there is an increase of 21%with addition
of Steel Fibres in Recycle Aggregate and a Decrease of
12% in Polymer Modified Recycled Aggregate
Concrete.
 Compressive strength was carried out for 28 days for
Recycled Aggregate Beam Steel fiber in beam
Natural aggregate concrete (NAC) Recycled aggregate
concrete(RAC), Steel Fibre Recycled Aggregate
Concrete(SFRAC) & Polymer Modified Recycled
aggregate Aggregate Concrete (PMRAC) and the
strength of SFRAC is more when compared by NAC
by 4.80% and there is a decrease in RAC by 16.18% so
to improve the strength of RAC 30 kg/m3of Steel fiber
and 5 % of cement as polymer (Styrene Butadiene
Rubber)was added and the strength was increased by
21.66% & 4.83%.
 Split tensile test was also carried out for 28 days and
the strength of Recycled aggregate was less when
Consolidated Report:- compared to Natural aggregate concrete by 28% so to
The report consist of all the 3 test i.e, compressive test , split improve the strength we have added Steel fibres and
tensile test and flexural test for 28 days and its graphical polymer and there was an improvement in concrete by
representation is given below with tabular column. 31.16% for steel fiber and it was observed that SFRAC
was having more strength then NAC but polymer
modified recycled aggregate concrete has less strength
compared to NAC by 14.37% but there is an increase
SPLIT when compared with RAC by 12.15%
Nature of COMPRESSICE TENSILE FLEXURAL  Flexural test was carried out for 28 days under CTM
concrete STRENGTH STRENGTH STRENGTH with 3 point loading and it was observed that strength
of recycled aggregate is very less when compared with
NAC by 42.85% so to improve the strength RAC 30
kg/m3of Steel fiber and 5 % of cement as polymer
NAC 31.23 3.74 6.9 (Styrene Butadiene Rubber)was added and the strength
RAC 26.88 2.92 4.83 was improved by 59.84% and 8.69% when compared
with RAC.
SFRAC 32.73 3.83 7.73  Overall view of the project was that the strength of
PMRAC 28.18 3.27 5.25 Recycled Aggregate concrete was less when compared
with Natural aggregate concrete and to improve the
strength we have added 30 kg/m3of Steel fiber and 5 %
of cement as polymer (Styrene Butadiene Rubber).

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IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308

REFERENCES
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[2]. Steel Fibre Reinforced Recycled Aggregate
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[3]. Dr.G.D.Awchat1, Dr.N.M.Kanhe2
[4]. “RECYCLED COARSE AGGREGATES”
[5]. SUDHIRP.PATIL1,GANESHS.INGLE2,PRASHAN
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Volume-2, Issue-1, 2013
[6]. ISO 9001:2008 Certified
[7]. International Journal Of Engineering Science And
Innovative Technology (IJESIT)
[8]. Volume 2, Issue 5, September 2013
[9]. IS-456-2000 Design Of Reinforced Concrete
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[10]. IS -10262 -2009 Concrete Mix Design
[11]. STRENGTH OF CONCRETE INCORPORATING
AGGREGATES RECYCLED FROM
DEMOLITION WASTE, R. Kumutha And K. Vijai,
VOL. 5, NO. 5, MAY 2010 ISSN 1819-6608
[12]. ARPN Journal Of Engineering And Applied Science

BIOGRAPHIES

Prathik Kulkarni,
Assistant Professor,
GNITC,
Hyd

Dr. N.M.Kanhe,
Principal,
GNI,
Nagpur.

Kashimalla Ramesh,
Assistant Professor,
GNITC,
Hyd.

Dhanalakshmi Vasa,
Assistant Professor,
GNITC,
Hyd

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