DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE-QUEZON CITY

SHS JOSE P. LAUREL SR. HIGH SCHOOL

SUBJECT PHYSICAL SCIENCE

DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Author ERICHA EMPAYNADO SOLOMON
Content Evaluator Ryan Noel Doña
Language Evaluator Ryan Noel Doña
Illustrator ERICHA EMPAYNADO SOLOMON
GOVERNMENT PROPERTY NOT FOR SALE

SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIAL ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FUNCTION AND

STRUCTURE OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
MODULE: IV, WEEK IV, QUARTER I, SCHOOL YEAR 2020-2021

Name of Student:_______________________________________ Date received_____________

Section:________________________________________ Date Submitted___________
Name of Teacher:_______________________________________ Score:___________
 Expectations
In this module, you will understand the relationship between the function and structure of
biological macromolecules. (S11/12PS-IIIe-22)

Specifically, this module will help you to:

1. Distinguish between carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
2. Summarize the general characteristics of each biomolecule.
3. Relate the structure of biomolecules with their properties and their functions.
4. Cite the importance of chemical bonding to life and give examples.

Pre-Test
DIRECTIONS: Read each question carefully. Choose and write the letter of the correct
answer on another sheet of paper.

1. Which biomolecular group carries and passes on the hereditary information of the organisms?
a. Carbohydrate c. Nucleic acids
b. Lipids d. Proteins
2. Which biomolecules are significant features of the cell membrane?
a. carbohydrate and nucleic acid c. nucleic acid and protein
b. lipid and nucleic acid d. protein and lipid
3. Atom is the basic unit of a chemical element. What are the atoms that makeup carbohydrates?
a. C and H c. C, H, and O
b. C, H, and N d. C, H, O, and N
4. Which is not a part of a nucleotide?
a. Nitrogenous base c. Ribonucleic acid
b. Phosphate group d. Sugar
5. Which is a good example of saturated fat?
a. Butter c. Olive oil
b. Corn oil d. Sunflower oil

Looking Back
In your previous lessons, you have learned that many molecules contain carbon atoms bonded to each
other or atoms of other elements. These carbon-containing molecules are generally called organic
compounds. Since there are four valence electrons in a carbon atom, it is capable of covalently bonding
with four more atoms to form straight chains, branches, or even rings. All of these three forms make up
the biological molecules in living things.

During grades 9 and 10, you have learned that biological macromolecules or biomolecules
are large, organic molecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Most of them are
organic compounds and the function group determines their chemical properties. Biomolecules have a
huge variety of functions such as storing energy, protection, etc. In this lesson, the structure of these
macromolecules will be given emphasis. The student will then explain how the structure affects the
properties and functions of macromolecules. But before we proceed, let’s have a simple activity that will
help you recall the four biological molecules.
Directions: Identify which specific molecule (saturated fat, unsaturated fat, protein, glucose, starch,
cellulose) is each food mostly made of?
1. __________________ butter 6. __________________ celery
2. __________________ spinach 7. __________________ cream
3. __________________ beef jerky 8. __________________ cranberries
4. __________________ bacon 9. __________________ egg white
5. __________________ noodles 10. __________________ table sugar

Brief Introduction
Biomolecules are categorized into four different classes. These are carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and nucleic acid. They are polymers (Greek word, polus, meaning many) of repeating units of
smaller molecules called monomers (Greek word, monos, meaning single). These monomers are joined
together by a covalent type of bond to make various forms of each organic molecule. The diagram below
will show us a summary of the characteristics and functions of the four classes of biomolecules.

Carbohydrates Lipids

They are made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
(C, H, O) (C, H, O)
They are hydrophilic substances which are soluble in They are soluble in oil but are insoluble in water.
water and alcohol. The -OH groups of carbohydrates Monomer: fatty acids and glycerol
are primarily responsible for their solubility. Examples: fats, oils, steroids, cholesterol, phospholipids
Monomer: saccharides Function: Energy storehouses
Examples: rice, cereal, potatoes, fruits, pastas Serve as structural components of cell
Function: main energy source of the body membranes
Example structure: Important signaling molecules
Example structure:
 Proteins Nucleic Acids
They are made from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are made from carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
Some of them also contain nitrogen and nitrogen, plus phosphorus ( C, H, O, N, P).
phosphorus. (C, H, O, N, P). They are insoluble in ethanol, TCA, cold and hot water,
Proteins are made up of amino acids through a and diluted hydrochloric acid but they are soluble in
dehydration link called a peptide bond. diluted NaOH, alcohol, and HCI.
Monomer: amino acid Monomer: nucleotides
Two classes: Examples: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic
1. Saturated fats have two carbons attached to acid (RNA)
each carbon (except the one at the end). Saturated Function: Storage and expression of genetic information
fats are unhealthy fats like butter. in cells.
2. Unsaturated fats are missing at least one Determine the inherited characteristics of every
hydrogen and are curl in shape. The unsaturated living thing by directing to the process of protein
fats are healthy and include oils. synthesis.
Example structure: Example structure:

Activities
Activity 1. Classification of Biomolecules

Objective: Identify the classification of biomolecules.

Directions: Match the structure in column A with the Macromolecules in column B. Write the letter of your
answer in your notebook.

Column A Column B

1. A. carbohydrates

2. B. Lipids
 3. C. Nucleic Acid

4. D. Proteins

Activity 2. Maze Runner

Objectives: 1. Summarize the general characteristics of each biomolecule.

Hello! My name is Bailey. I have a
2. Give examples for each biomolecule. problem. I cannot go back home.
Please help me by answering the
I have a friend named Gizmo. He needs our questions.
help in finding the right way to go back to
his house. In order to help him, you need
to answer some questions about
biomolecules.

1 Carbohydrates Lipids

What elements are they composed of? What elements are they composed of?
________________________________ ________________________________
What is the monomer? What is the monomer?
________________________________ ________________________________
What is its function for the body? What is its function for the body?
________________________________ ________________________________
Write two examples: Write two examples:
________________________________ ________________________________
2
Proteins Nucleic Acids

What elements are they composed of? What elements are they composed of?
________________________________ ________________________________
What is the monomer? What is the monomer?
________________________________ ________________________________
What is its function for the body? What is its function for the body?
________________________________ ________________________________
Write two examples: Write two examples:
________________________________ ________________________________
3 4

Home
Activity 3. Properties and Functions of Macromolecules to life

Objective: Relate the properties and functions of macromolecules to daily life situations.

Directions: Complete the table filling out the required information. Identify the disorder/disease, related
macromolecule, and its function based on the given scenario. Also, as a student, what are you going to
advise those persons in the given scenarios. Write your answers in your notebook.

1. Covida, a grade 12 student experienced excessive sweating, frequent urination, feeling very
thirsty and hungry. She was unable to attend her class during that day. She was rushed in the
hospital and upon examining her blood sugar, it was found out that it is above its normal value.
2. One of the students of Mr. Corona shared her story when she was hospitalized at the age of
three. She showed her picture with an enlarged tummy, loss of muscle mass, and inflamed
patches on her skin. She even mentioned that she was also irritable and had a failure to grow in
height according to her mother.
3. While presenting the lesson on Circulation and Gas Exchange, the teacher of Pandemic
Integrated National High School complains shortness of breath, tightness, and aching sensation
in his chest that radiates to his neck and jaw.

Disorders/Diseases Related Function of Suggestions

Macromolecules Macromolecules

Remember
 Because of the abundance of
polar -OH groups in its structure,
carbohydrates are highly polar molecules.
This makes carbohydrates soluble in
many body fluids, especially in the blood
(composed mainly of water) through
which they are carried to all parts of the
body. The polar groups store energy that
is more easily available to the body.
 The table on the right side will show the
summary of chemical formulas, examples,
and sources of three classifications of
carbohydrates.

 Lipids are organic molecules that are

insoluble in water because of their lack of
many polar and H-bonding functional groups. Lipids have a very high proportion of carbon-
 hydrogen bonds. When placed in water, lipid molecules cling together, exposing their polar
groups to the surrounding water molecules; the nonpolar groups stay within the interior of the lipid
cluster.
 Proteins may be polar or nonpolar depending on the
functional group present in each amino acid.
Oftentimes, they have both polar and nonpolar parts,
which allow them to perform different functions as
enzymes, transporters, defense from diseases, or
regulators of cell processes.
 The nucleotides are composed of sugar, phosphate,
and nitrogenous bases that are covalently bonded
together. The diagram on the right side will show the
three parts of nucleotides.

Checking Your Understanding

Directions: Answer the following questions briefly but substantially. Write your answers on the blank
space provided.
1. Construct a graphic organizer to compare the structure and functions of the four classes of
biomolecules.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

2. How is a protein-related to nucleic acid?

_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

3. Carbohydrates provide fuel for the body. But according to experts, one should limit the intake of
carbohydrate-rich food. Why is this so?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

4. What is the significance of chemical bonding to life? Justify your answer by providing examples.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

Post-Test
Directions: Read each test item carefully. Choose and write the letter of the correct answer on another
sheet of paper.

1. What macromolecules are represented in the figure below?

 a. Carbohydrates c. Nucleic Acid
b. Lipids d. Proteins
2. Amino acids in proteins are joined together by ____________.
a. Glycosidic bond c. Metallic bond
b. Hydrogen bond d. Peptide bond
3. Which of the following does NOT belong to the classification of lipids?
a. Hemoglobin c. Steroid
b. Phospholipids d. Triglyceride
4. Which nutrient group is used in the composition of waxes and responsible for the insulation of
some organisms?
a. Carbohydrates c. Nucleic acids
b. Lipids d. Proteins
5. Which of the following biomolecules is important in muscle building?
a. Carbohydrates c. Nitrogen
b. Lipids d. Oxygen

References

Rody Bayoang, Ma. Lourdes Coronacion. Physical Science for Senior High School. Quezon City,
Philippines. Education Resources Corporation, 2016.

https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_and_General_Biology/Book
%3A_General_Biology_(Boundless)/2%3A_The_Chemical_Foundation_of_Life/2.4%3A_Synthesis_of_Bi
ological_Macromolecules/2.4A%3A_Types_of_Biological_Macromolecules

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/types-of-biological-macromolecules/