Scribd
Upload
248 views7 pages

Center: Pre-Calculus Guide

This document provides an overview of pre-calculus concepts including: - Equations of circles such as (x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2 and standard form equations. - Key circle properties like center, radius, vertices and covertices. - The unit circle and definitions of the six circular functions. - Graphing sine and cosine functions including period, amplitude, domain and range. - Transformations of sine and cosine graphs involving amplitude, period, phase shift and vertical shift. Steps for graphing transformed sine and cosine functions are outlined.

Uploaded by

LovEegnia Balbuena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
248 views7 pages

Center: Pre-Calculus Guide

This document provides an overview of pre-calculus concepts including: - Equations of circles such as (x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2 and standard form equations. - Key circle properties like center, radius, vertices and covertices. - The unit circle and definitions of the six circular functions. - Graphing sine and cosine functions including period, amplitude, domain and range. - Transformations of sine and cosine graphs involving amplitude, period, phase shift and vertical shift. Steps for graphing transformed sine and cosine functions are outlined.

Uploaded by

LovEegnia Balbuena
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

PRE-CALCULUS GUIDE

𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐶𝑦 2 + 𝐷𝑥 + 𝐸𝑦 + 𝐹 = 0
2 2
𝑥−ℎ + 𝑦−𝑘 = 𝑟2

center radius r

(h,k)
2 2
Standard Equation
𝑥−ℎ 𝑦−𝑘
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2

Orientation HORIZONTAL
Center (h, k)
Vertices ℎ
Covertices ℎ

Foci (ℎ ) =√ 2 + 2

Length of transverse axis 2a


Length of conjugate axis 2b

Equations of the Asymptotes − = −ℎ

2 2
Standard Equation 𝑦−𝑘 𝑥−ℎ
− =1
𝑎2 𝑏2

Orientation VERTICAL
Center (h, k)
Vertices ℎ
Covertices ℎ
Foci ℎ
Length of transverse axis 2a
Length of conjugate axis 2b

Equations of the Asymptotes − = −ℎ

NOTE: “a” is always greater that “b”


2 2
𝑦−𝑘 𝑥−ℎ
+ =1
𝑎2 𝑏2
Where 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 𝑎 > 𝑏

2 2
𝑥−ℎ 𝑦−𝑘
+ =1
𝑎2 𝑏2

Where 𝑐 2 = 𝑎2 − 𝑏2 𝑎 > 𝑏

NOTE: “a” is always with the positive


UNIT CIRCLE Finding the Arc Length

s is the arc length


r is the radius

The Six Circular Functions

𝟏
sin (θ) = y csc (θ) =
𝒚
𝟏
cos (θ) = x sec (θ) =
𝒙
𝒚 𝒙
tan (θ) = cot (θ) =
𝒙 𝒚

degree to radian: multiply it by

radian to degree, multiply it by

COTERMINAL ANGLES

DEGREES RADIANS
GRAPHING CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS

SINE AND COSINE GRAPH

 Midline – is the horizontal line that passes exactly in the middle between the
graph’s maximum and minimum points.

 Amplitude – is the vertical distance between the midline and one of the
extremum points.

 Period - tells us how many units of the input variable are required before the
function repeats for example from the interval [0 , ].
F(x) = SinX F(x) =CosX
PERIOD 2π 2π
DOMAIN or all real numbers or all real numbers
RANGE [−1,1] [−1,1]
Y-INTERCEPT x = 0, y = 0 x = 0, y = 1
X-INTERCEPT y = 0, x = nπ y = 0,
HIGHEST VALUE 1 1
LOWEST VALUE -1 -1

GRAPH OF TRANSFORMATIONS OF
𝒚 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒙 and 𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙

STEPS:

1. Find the values of a, b, c , and d.


2. Find the new period (use 2π/b)
3. Find distance (new period/4). Use distance to know the values for the x axis
4. One period is (c, c+new period)

GRAPHING STEPS

1. Use the distance for the x-coordinates.


2. From the origin, move d units (up – positive; down – negative) , draw the new
midline.
3. From the y axis, move c units (right-negative, left-positive).
a. If it is sine function, your first point lies on the midline.
b. If it is cosine function, the first point is a units from the midline
(floating)

SINE:

COSINE:

CLUE:

SINE (d-c-plot)– Graph forms “S” . (pattern: on midline- float- on midline


shrink-on midline or vice versa)
COSINE (d-c-a plot) – Graph forms “V” or inverted (pattern: float-midline-
shrink-midline-float or vice versa)

You might also like