Science Finals Acceleration= change in velocity /

Monsoon- weather patterns time

1. Northeast Monsoon / Hanging Formula: a= v/ t a= Vf-Vi/ t
Amihan
- cool northeast wind Given/s: 100 meter, 11 seconds
- from November to February Unknown: Speed
2. Southwest Monsoon / Habagat Formula: s= d/t
- from May to October Solution: 100m/ 11s = 9.09
- with monsoon rains or large Final Answer: 9.09 m/s
amount of rainfall
Given/s: 500 meters, 20.0 seconds
Motion in Two Dimensions Unknown: Velocity
Motion- is a change in position with Formula: v= d/t
respect to a reference point Solution: 500m/ 20.0s
Final answer: 25 m/s2 going baguio
A fast moving car in a
superhighway slows down as it Given/s: 5 m/s- Initial Velocity, 15
travels in rough road – m/s- Final Velocity, 10 seconds
Acceleration Unknown: Acceleration
Formula: a = Vf-Vi/t
A car travelling a distance of 60 km Solution: a= 15-5/10 a= 10/10
per hour Final Answer: 1 m/s2
A track and field athlete runs 100
meter dash in 11 seconds. Stars
– Speed Blazing ball of gases where many
kinds of atoms emit light colors
A car is moving 60 km per hour, Spectrum- different colors of light that
North – Velocity are coming from a star

Speed
- refers to how fast the object is
moving Photosphere- visible surface of star
- tells the distance the object where light comes from
travels in a period of time • Powerful balls of flaming gases
Formula: s = d/t Unit: m/s that emit electromagnetic waves
Where: in all directions
s = speed d = distance t = time • Stars are giant, luminous
spheres of plasma
Velocity • Tiny points of light separated
Formula: v = d/t Unit: m/s from by great distances
Where: v = velocity t= time Light Year- distance that light travels
d=distance in one year in vacuum at a constant
speed of 50 000 km per second.
Acceleration • 9.46 trillion or approximately 10
- A change in velocity million km
 2. Absolute Magnitude
Fact: - Brightness of stars if placed at a
• A person can see only about 3,000 standard distance of 32.6 light
stars on the average years from the Earth.
• 400 billion of stars - “real” brightness of the star
• 100-200 billions of galaxies
• Only 10% can be studied due to the Relative Brightness of stars is
current astronomical technology expressed in a scale of six
magnitudes.
Differences/ Characteristics:
• Temperature • Size • First Magnitude Stars –
• Color • Mass brightest stars
• Brightness • Age • Six Magnitude Stars –
dimmest stars
Temperatures • The lower the number, the
Surface Temperature – (2,000- brighter the star is
50,000k) • Brightest stars have negative
Core Temperature- (6,000,000k) values
• Surface temperatures of stars • Hottest stars are the brightest
produce different colors while the coolest are the
dimmest
Color
Bluish and White Stars Size
Yellow Stars White Dwarfs
Reddish Stars - Same size of the Earth
- 12,742 Earth’s diameter
• The color that star appears is based
upon its temperature Red Supergiants – 1,500 times
larger than the sun. Sun having a
Extreme high temperatures of stars diameter of 695,000 km.
emanate from Nuclear Reaction —
FUSION • Red giants and supergiants are
cool but very bright because
Magnitude- measures the brightness they are large
of stars • White dwarfs are hot but dim
Brightness because they are small
Kinds
1. Apparent Magnitude Mass
- Brightness of stars when viewed • Mass of stars ranges from 10-
from Earth 150x that of the sun (1.989 x 10
Factors controlling apparent 30 kilograms)
brightness:
1. How big the star Age
2. How hot the star • 1 Billion to 10 billion years old
3. How far the star
 • Some are 13.8 billion years old Linear Motion- motion in one
– the observe age of the dimension
universe Accelerations can be:
• Massive stars last for few a. Constant- Free fall
million years while the less b. Changing
dense stars can last for to
hundred billion of years Free Fall
• Stars are continuously being • In the absence of air
formed from formed nebulae resistance, all bodies at the
Youngest Stars- newly formed same location fall vertically with
form nebulae the same acceleration,
- a cloud of gas and dust in outer regardless of size and weight
space • Air resistance is neglected and
Oldest Stars – hydrogen supply acceleration is constant
from the core has been
exhausted Air Resistance- describes the
May collapse into white dwarf or forces that are in opposition to
a neutron star the relative motion of an object
Constellation- patterns of stars as it passes through the air.
in the sky
Nebulae- a cloud of gas and Free Fall- an object moves
dust in outer space through space under the
influence of one and only one
Given/s: 6km, 30 km/hr force ➡ gravity
Unknown: Time g= -9.8 m/s - acceleration due
Formula: t= d/s to gravity speed increases at a
Substitution: t= 6km/ 30 km/hr constant rate
Final answer: 0.2 hour
Vi- initial velocity
What distance is covered by a
moving vehicle in one minute if + -
its speed is 5 m/s?
d= s x t
= (5 m/s) (1m) Viy Moving Moving
= (5m/s) (60 s) (Initial up down
= 300 m Velocity)
Vfy Moving Moving
A car starts from rest and attains (Final up down
a speed of 50 m/s in 15 seconds. Velocity)
How far has the car travelled in d Located Located
15 seconds? above below
d= (s) (t) point of the point
= (50m/s) (15s) release of
d= 750 m release
.
Equation #1
Vfy= Viy + gt Projectile Motion
Projectile- term for any object
Formula : Vfy= Viy + gt that is projected or thrown into
Solution: 0+ (-9.8 m/s2) (1 sec) the air
Final Answer: Vfy = -9.8 m/s2 Includes:
• object throwns horizontally
(2 secs) • object projected at an angle
Formula : Vfy= Viy + gt
Solution: 0+ (-9.8 m/s2) (2 s) Motion of projectile is affected only by
Final Answer: Vfy = -19.6 m/s2 The Pull of Gravity neglecting the
effects of Air Resistance
(3 secs)
Formula : Vfy= Viy + gt Two-Dimensional Motion
Solution: 0+ (-9.8 m/s2) (3 s) Involves:
Final Answer: Vfy = -29.4 m/s 1. Uniform and Horizontal
Vertical and Accelerated
Vfy= Viy + gt a. Roll a ball along a horizontal
Vfy= 9.8 m/s + (-9.8m/s) (1s) surface, and its velocity is
Vfy= 9.8 m/s + (-9.8m/s) constant because no component
Vfy= 0 m/s of gravitational force acts
horizontally.
Vfy= Viy + gt b. Drop it, and it accelerates
Vfy= 9.8 m/s + (-9.8m/s) (2s) downward and covers a greater
Vfy= 9.8 m/s + (-19.6) vertical distance each second.
Vfy= -9.8 m/s The motion of a body thrown
horizontally ➡
Vfy= Viy + gt 1. Horizontal Velocity (Vx) that is
Vfy= 9.8 m/s + (-9.8m/s) (3s) constant
Vfy= 9.8 m/s + (29.4) 2. Vertical Velocity (Vy) with
Vfy= -19.6 m/s constant acceleration

Time: Components of Initial Velocity

dy: gt2/ 2 (Vi)
X-component-Vix
Unknown: Time Equation: Vix= Vi cos e
Formula: t= √2d/ g Y component- Viy
Solution: √200/ -9.8 m/s Equation: Viy= Vi sin e
Final Answer: t= 4.52 seconds
Vix= Vicos 0
Formula: dy + Viy + ½ gt2 Viy= Visin 0
Solution: dy= (-2 m/s) (5s)2 + ½ Horizontal and Vertical Displacements
(-9.8m/s) (5s)2 Horizontal Displacement
= -10m + (-122.5m) dx= Vixt
dy= -132.5m
Vertical Displacement = 7,569/-19.6 m/s
Dy= Viyt + ½ gt2 H= -386.17 m

1. a. Vix= Vi cos 0 R= ((2) (50 m/s)2 sin 2 (60°))/ -

Viy= Vi sin 0 19.6 m/s
a. Vix = (15 m/s) cos (37°) R= -382. 65 m
= 11.98 m/s agathuh
Viy= (15 m/s) sin (37°) Linear Motion with Uniform
= 9.03 m/s Velocity
b. dx= Vixt  An object moving along a straight
=(11.98) (0.5)
line with constant speed also has
dx= 5.99m
Dy= Viyt + ½ gt2 constant velocity. Its acceleration is
(9.03 m/s) (0.5s) + ½ (-9.8 m/s2) zero.
(0.5s)2 Example:
dy= 3.29 m A car is going at the speed limit for a length
of time on a straight highway.
Formula:
3 Quantities: Linear Motion with Constant
1. Maximum Height – highest
Acceleration
point of the projctile
 When an object’s velocity changes
- Equal to zero
from one moment to the next, it
2. Time of Flight- amount of undergoes acceleration. The
time a projectile spends in acceleration may be constant or it
air may changing ; We will only take up
3. Range – horizontal distance the case of constant acceleration. A
travelled by a projectile well- known example of this type of
- As it rises or fall through a motion is a FREE FALL.
period of time
Free Fall
T= 2 Vi sin 0 /g
 Which an object moves through
H= (2 Visin0) 2/ 2g
R= Vi 2 sin 2 0 /g space under the influence of one and
only one force: GRAVITY.
A golf ball was hit and projected  the motion along the vertical of a
at angle of 60° within the kicked soccer ball when accelerated
horizontal. If the initial of the due to gravity.
ball 50 m/s  Its velocity is zero and its
T= ((2)(.50m/s)sin(60°)) / -9.8
acceleration is not zero.
m/s
= (100 m/s) (0.87)/ -9.8m/s  It is free fall when the object is only
T= -8.84 seconds experiencing the force of gravity
Example: Which of the following
H= ((2) (50 m/s) (0.87))2/ -19.6 statements applies to the motion of a ball
m/s undergoing free-fall?
  The ball has constant acceleration as  refers to the product of the average
it moves upward. force and the time interval over
 The ball has constant acceleration at which it acts
the top of its path. Impulse Formula: J = Ft
Unit: kg.m/s or kilogram meter per second
 The ball has constant acceleration as
it moves downward.
Air Resistance
 the acceleration is direct downward
 absence of air resistance the
acceleration is constant.
Projectile
 time of flight – describes as the
time a projectile is in the air.
Example: A student throws a baseball to a
friend. The ball that moves through the air.
Trajectory
 object's path through space.
Three Qualities of Projectile
 Height
 Time
 Range
Range Formula: R = Vi 2 sin Ɵ
g
Momentum and Impulse Relationship
 Momentum is the mass of an object
multiplied by the velocity while
impulse is force times time.
Formula: J= p
Momentum
 A property of a moving object.
Momentum depends on two factors:
mass and velocity
 Product of an object’s mass and its
velocity. We use the letter p as the
symbol for momentum.
Formula: p=mv
Unit: kg.m/s or kilogram meter per
second
Impulse