Best Approach

Straight line

Workbook
Pattern - II

By Mathematics Wizard
Manoj Chauhan Sir (IIT Delhi)
No. 1 Faculty of Unacademy,
Exp. More than 12 Years in
Top Most Coachings of Kota
 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

Triangle
A
B > C
b>c
A + B + C =  c b A B
a+b>c Any point on perpendicular bisector is at equal dis-
|a – b| < c tance from A & B
B a C

Angle bisector Circumcircle

A O is circumcentre
AA R is circumradius
2 2
c b A
2bc
AD= cos(A / 2)
I bc R

B a D C R O
R
I is called Incentre (Point of concurrency of inter- B C
nal angle bisector)
Incircle
A Note

b In Right angle triangle

c
r A
R
B a C
c O b
Circle who touches sides of triangle is called R R

incircle, r = a C
S B(H)
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Altitude
Perpendicular from vertex to opposite side (Or- Note
thocenter)
Median G (centroid) & I (Incentre) always lies in
interior of triangle whereas H (Orthocenter) & O
Line joining vertex to mid point of opposite sides (Circumcentre) lies inside, outside or periphery
(Centroid) depending upon triangle being acute, obtuse or right
angle.
Perpendicular bisector H G O
2 : 1

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 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

Quadrilaterals Rectangle
Note
a
Sum of all interior angles of n sided figure is D C
= (n – 2) 
b b
Parallelogram
(i) Opposite sides are parallel & equal A B
a
(ii) adjacent angles are supple- -mentary
(iii) Diagonals are bisected.
D a Parallelogram will be Rectangle, If
C
(1) Angle 90°
b b (2) Diagonals are equal

(3) a2 + b2 = c2 Rectangle is cyclic

quadrilateral
A a B
Parallelogram Square
D a C D a C
d2
b  b
d
 1
a a
A a B
E
A a B
1 A Rectangle will be square, If
Area parallelogram = d d sin 
2 1 2 (1) Sides equal
DE = b sin  (2) Diagonals are perpendicular
Area of parallelogram = ab sin  (3) Diagonals are angle bisector
Rhombus
a Square
D C
A Rhombus will be square, If
d2
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a a (1) Diagonals are equal

d1
(2) Angle 90°
A a B
a
Parallelogram will be Rhombus If
D C
(i) Diagonal are perpendicular
(ii) Sides equal a a
(iii) Diagonal bisects angle of parallelogram (iv)
1
Area of Rhombus = dd A a B
2 1 2

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 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

Trapezium
(1) One pair of opposite sides are parallel Note
1 T
area = × (a + b) h D
2
C
D b C Q P E
B
h
A

A E a B (EB) (EA) = (EC) (ED) = (ET)2 = (EP) (EQ)

Kite PTolmey’s Theorem

A
D C
d1
B D
d2
A B

C Sum of product of opposite side = Product of di-

agonals
(1) One diagonal divide figure into two con AB · CD + BC · AD = (AC) · BD
gruent part
(2) Diagonals are perpendicular
1
(3) Area = d d (Point)
2 1 2
Geometry
Cyclic Quadrilateral Co-ordinate
Geometry
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(x)
D C Algebra
E
Distance Formulae
A B
A(x1, y1) B(x2, y2)
i. Vertices lie on circle
AB = (x1 – x2)2 + (y1 – y2)2
ii. A+C==B+D
iii. AE × EC = BE × DE
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 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

Example
A(x1, y1)

Find distance between following points :-

Q. (1, 3), (4, –1) 2

Find distance between following points :- G

Q. (0, 0), (–5, –12) 1
B(x2, y2) C(x3, y3)

Find distance between following points :-  x  x 2  x 3 y1  y 2  y3 

G  1 , 
Q. (1,1), (16, 9)  3 3 
Example
Find distance between following points :-
Q. Find mid points of sides of  if vertices are
Q. (0, 0), (40, 9)
given (0, 0), (2, 3), (4, 0). Also find coordi-
nate of G.
Find distance between following points :-
Q. (0, 0) (2cos, 2sin )
Q. Find the ratio in which point on x axis di-
vides the two points. (1,1), (3, -1) inter-
Section Formulae nally.
(Internal Division)
m n Section Formulae
A(x1, y1) P B(x2, y2) (External Division)
m n
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1  A B P
P , 
 mn mn 
 mx 2  nx1 my 2  ny1 
P , 
 mn mn 
Coordinate of mid point of
A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2) Example
Q. Find the point dividing (2, 3), (7, 9)
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externally in the ratio 2 : 3

 x  x 2 y1  y 2 
P 1 , 
 2 2 
Harmonic Conjugate
If a point P divides AB internally in the ratio a
Example
: b and point Q divides AB externally in the ratio a
: b, then P & Q are said to be harmonic conjugate
Q. Find points of trisection of (1, 1) &
of each other w.r.t. AB
(10, 13)
A P B Q
Co-ordinate of G

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 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

AP  AQ
 
BP 1 BQ
Harmonic Mean
2AP AQ A
AB = I3 I2
AP  AQ b c
B a C
Example
Q. If coordinate of A & B is (0, 0) & (9, 0) find I1
point which divide AB externally in the ra-
tio 1 : 2 find its harmonic conjugate.
Coordinates of I1, I2 & I3
External & Internal common tangents divides
line segment joining centre of two circles ex-  ax1  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy3 
I1   , 
ternally & internally at O 1 and O 2 in the ratio  a  b  c a  b  c 
of their radii. O 1 and O 2 are called harmonic
conjugate of each other w.r.t. C 1 C 2.  ax  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy3 
I2   1 , 
 abc abc 

 ax  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy3 
r1 I3   1 , 
r2  a bc abc 
C1 O2 C2 O1

Examples
Q. Mid point of sides of triangle are (1, 2), (0,
–1) and (2, –1). Find coordinate of vertices
Co-ordinates of Incentre (I)
Q. Co-ordinate A, B, C are (4, 1), (5, –2) and
 ax  bx 2  cx 3 ay1  by 2  cy3  (3, 7) Find D so that A, B, C, D is ||gm
I 1 , 
 abc a bc 
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Q. Line 3x + 4y = 12, x = 0, y = 0 form a .

A(x1,y1) Find the centre and radius of circles touch-
ing the line & the co-ordinate axis.
c b
Q. Orthocenter and circumcenter of a ABC
are (a, b), (c, d). If the co-
ordinate of the vertex A are (x1, y1) then find
B(x2,y2) a C(x3,y3) co-ordinate of middle point of BC.

Q. Vertices of a triangle are (2, –2), (–

Coordinates of I1, I2 & I3
2, 1), (5, 2). Find distance between

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 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

circumcentre & centroid. 3) and (x, 4) is 40 sq. unit. Find x.

Q. Find area of quadrilateral A (1, 1) ; B
Area of equilateral triangle
(3, 4); C (5, –2) and D (4, –7) in order
3 are the vertices of a quadrilateral.
= (side)2 Q. Find co-ordinate of point P if PA = PB and
4
area of PAB = 10 if coordinates of A and
Area of Triangle B are (3, 0) and (7,0) respectively.
Q. Find the area of the  if the coordinate of
1 1 1 vertices of triangle are
1
 = x1 x2 x3 (at12, 2at1)(at22, 2at2), (at32, 2at3)
2
y1 y2 y3
LOCUS
Where (x1, y1) (x2, y2), (x3, y3) are coordinates of
vertices of triangle
To Find Locus
Condition of collinearity of
A (x1, y1), B (x2, y2), C(x3, y3) (1) Write geometrical condition & convert
them in algebraic
1 1 1
(2) Eliminate variable
x1 x2 x3 = 0
(3) Get relation between h and k.
y1 y2 y3
(4) To get equation of locus replace h by x
Area of n sided figure & k by y
1 x1 x2 x2 x3 x3 x4 xn y1 Example
   .......
2 y1 y2 y2 y3 y3 y4 yn y1
Q. Find locus of curve / point which is equi-
* Points should be taken in cyclic order distant from point (0, 0) and (2, 0)
Q. If A (0, 0), B (2, 0) find locus of point P
Note : All coordinates of the vertices of an such thatAPB = 90°
equilateral  can’t be integer. Q. If A (0, 0), B (2, 0) find locus of point P
Example such that area ( APB) = 4
Q. If A & B are variable point on x and y
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axis such that length (AB) = 4. Find :

Q. Find k for which points (k + 1, 2 – k), (1 –
(i) Locus of mid point of AB
k, –k) (2 + K, 3 – K) are collinear.
(ii) Locus of circumcentre of AOB
Q. If points (a, 0), (0, b) and (1, 1) are
(iii) Locus of G of AOB
1 1 (iv) Find locus of point which divides seg-
collinear then prove that  1
a b ment AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2, 1 from
Q. Find relation between x & y if x, y lies on x axis
line joining the points (2, –3) and (1, 4) Q. A(1, 2) is a fixed point. A variable point B
Q. Show that (b, c + a) (c, a + b) and lies on a curve whose equation is x2
(a, b + c) are collinear. + y2 = 4. Find the locus of the mid point of
Q. If the area of  formed by points (1, 2), (2, AB.

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 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

Parametric point y2  y1
m  tan  
Example x 2  x1
Q. Find equation of curve represented para-
Example
metrically by x = cos, y = sin
Q. Find equation of curve if x = 2cos, y
Q. Find slope of joining points (1, 1) & (100,
= sin
100)
Q. Find equation of curve if x = sec, y
Q. Find slope of joining points (1, 0) & (2,
= 2tan
0)
Q. Find equation of curve if x = at2, y = 2at
Q. Find slope of joining points (1, 9) & (7,
Q. Find locus of point P such that ;
0)
PF1 + PF2 = 2a & F1  (c, 0)
& F2  (–c, 0) Equation of Line in
Q. Find locus of point P such that Various Form
|PA – PB| = 2a & coordinates of A, B are (c, General Form
0) & (–c, 0)
Straight Line ax + by + c = 0
Locus of point such that if any two point of this
Point Slope Form
locus are joined they define a unique
direction.
(y – y1) = m (x – x1)
Inclination of Line
Example

y Q. Find equation of line having slope 2 and

passing through point (1, 3)
Q. Find equation line having slope 3 and
 x passing through point (1, 7)
Q. Line passing through (1, 0) and (2, 1) is ro-
tated about point (1,0) by an angle 15° in
clockwise direction. Find equation of line
Slope / Gradient (m)
in new position.
m = tan  ; 2 Two Point Form
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Slope of line joining two points y 2  y1

(y  y1 )  (x  x1 )
x 2  x1
Example
B(x2, y2)
, y 1)
x1 Q. Find equation of line joining (1, 1), (3,
A( 4)
Determinant Form

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 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

Q. Find equation of medians of ABC where

1 1 1
coordinate of vertices are (0, 0), (6, 0), (3,
x x1 x 2  0 8)
y y1 y2 Q. If p is perpendicular distance from
origin upon line whose intercept on coor-
Slope - Intercept Form dinate axis are a & b prove that
y = mx + c
y = mx [if line passes through origin] 1 1 1
2
 2  2
Example a b p
Q. Find locus of middle point of AB
Q. Find slope, x intercept, y intercept of lines where A is x intercept and B is Y in-
(i) 2y = 3x + 7 tercept of a variable line always pass-
(ii) 2x + 7y – 3 = 0 ing through point (2, 3)
(iii) line joining points (1,1), (9, 3) Q. Find number of lines passing through
Double Intercept Form (2, 4) & forming a triangle of area 16 units
with the coordinate axis.
Q. Find equation of line
x y
 1
a b (i) Cuts off intercept 4 on x axis and passing
through (2, –3)
Example
(ii) Cuts off equal intercept on coordinate axis
and passes through (2, 5)
Q. Find equation of straight line through
(1, 2) & if its x intercept is twice the y
(iii) Makes an angle 135° with positive x axis
intercept.
and cuts y axis at a distance 8 from the ori-
Q. Find equation of line passing through
gin
(2, 3) and having intercept of y axis twice
its intercept on x axis
(iv) Passing through (4,1) and making with the
Normal Form
axes in the first quadrant a triangle whose
area is 8
x cos  + ysin  = p ; [0, 2)
Example Q. Find equation of the two lines which join
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Q. If equation of line is 3x – 4y + 5 = 0 con- origin and points of trisection of the

vert line in portion of line x + 3y – 12 = 0 in-
(i) Intercept form tercepted between co-ordinate axis.
(ii) Double intercept form
(iii) Normal form
Line in
Note Determinant Form
(1) Line having equal intercept  m = –1 Equation of Median Through
(2) Line equally inclined with coordinate axis A (x1, y1) in  ABC
 m=±1

Example

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 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

x y 1 x y 1 Equaiton of line Perpendicular to

x1 y1 1  x1 y1 1  0 ax + by + c = 0, is
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1 bx – ay +  = 0
Inclination of lines are
Equation of Internal Angle
Bisector complementary
m1 m2 = 1
Example
x y 1 x y 1
b x1 y1 1  c x1 y1 1  0 Q. Find equation of line parallel and
perpendicular to y = 3 and passing through
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1
(2, 7)
Equation of External Angle Q. Find the equation of line parallel and 
Bisector to x = 1 and passing through (–9, –3)
Q. Find equation of line parallel and
perpendicular to 2x + 3y = 7 and
x y 1 x y 1 passing through (2, –3)
b x1 y1 1  c x1 y1 1  0 Q. Line 2x + 3y = 7 intersects coordinate axis
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1 in A & B. Find perpendicular bisector
of AB
Equation of the Altitude Q. A(0, 8), B(2, 4) & C(6,8) find
equation of altitudes,  bisectors and
Coordinates of Orthocenter and Cir-
x y 1 x y 1
cumcenter
b cos C x1 y1 1  c cos B x1 y1 1  0 To Find Tangent of Interior
x2 y2 1 x3 y3 1 Angles of a Triangle
Angle Between Two Lines (m1 > m2 > m3 )
m1  m 2
tan A =
m1  m2 1  m1m 2
tan = 1  m m
m 2  m3
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1 2
tan B =
Condition of lines being || 1  m 2 m3
m 1 = m2 m3  m1
tan C =
Condition of lines being 1  m1m3
Perpendicular Example
m1 m2 = –1
Equation of line parallel to Q. If a  ABC is formed by the lines
2x + y – 3 = 0, x – y + 5 = 0 and
ax + by + c = 0, is 3x – y + 1 = 0 then obtain tangents of the
ax + by +  = 0 interior angles of the triangle

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 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

Q. Equation of line passing through (1, 2) mak-

ax+by+c2=0

ax+by+c1=0
ing an angle of 45º with the line 2x +
3y = 10
Reflection of a Point about a line c1  c 2
p p=
A a 2  b2

i. AB = BC Example
ii Angle 90° B
Q. Find distance between point (1, 2) and line
3x – 4y + 1 = 0
C Q. Find distance between point (0, 0) and line
12x – 5y + 7 = 0
Example Q. Find distance between line
Q. Find equation of line passing through (– 3x + 4y + 7 = 0 & 6x + 8y – 17 = 0
–1
2, –7) making an angle of tan 3/4 with the Area of Parallelogram
line 4x + 3y = 3
y=m1x+c2
Q. Find reflection of point (1, –2) about the

2
x+d
line x – y + 5 = 0

2 x+
d1
2
Q. Equation of perpendicular bisector of y=m

y=m
the sides AB and AC of a triangle ABC y=m1x+c1
are x – y + 5 = 0 and x + 2y = 0, if the
vertex is A(1, –2). Find the equation of (c1  c 2 )(d1  d 2 )
BC. area = (m1  m 2 )
Q. Find reflection of point (1, –2) about the
Q. Find area of quadrilateral formed by the lines
line x + 2y = 0
3x – 4y + 10 = 0, 3x – 4y + 20 = 0
Length of  from (x1, y1) on 4x + 3y + 10 = 0, 4x + 3y + 20 =0
ax + by + c = 0
Note
Two parallel lines are tangent to same circle.
0
c= Distance between them is diameter of the circle
+
by
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+
p
ax (x1,y1)

ax1  by1  c
p=
a 2  b2
Note
Distance Between Equation of diameter parallel to tangent
Two Parallel Lines
 1   2 
ay + by +   =0
 2 

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 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

P with the line x + y = 4 may be at a distance

ax+by+1=0
6
of from A
3
Q. If A(3, 2), B(7, 4), Find coordinate of C such
that ABC is equilateral.
ax+by+=0 Q. A line passing through A (–5, –4) meets the
line x + 3y + 2 = 0, 2x + y + 4 = 0 and x – y –
Area of right isosceles  in 5 = 0 at B,C,D
term of  from vertex 2 2 2
 15   10   6 
If       , find the
 AB   AC   AD 
= P
2 equation of line
p Q. Two side of a rhombus lying in 1st quadrant
3x 4x
are given by y  & y . If the
Area of equilateral  in terms of median/ angle 4 3
bisector/  bisector / altitude length of longer diagonal OC = 12, Find the
equation of other two sides.
=
h2 Q. A variable line through origin meets the
3 h line a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and
60º
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 at P and Q . On it is
Q. Find area of equilateral ? whose one vertex is
2 1 1
(7, 0) & a side lies along line y = x taken a point R. If   then
OR OP OQ
Q. Two mutually  lines are drawn passing prove that locus of R is also a st. line.
through points (a, b) and enclosed in an
isosceles  together with the line x cos  + Position of point w.r.t. a line
y sin  = p, Find the area of 
Q. The three lines x + 2y + 3 = 0, x + 2y – 7 = 0
and 2x – y – 4 = 0 from the three sides of a
square, find the equations of the fourth side.
Q. Find area of quadrilateral formed by the
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lines
3x – 4y + 1 = 0, 3x – 4y + 2 = 0,
x – 2y + 3 = 0, x – 2y + 7 = 0 (ax2 + by2 + c) (ax3 + by3 +c) > 0
Parametric Form of Line/ Distance form (ax1 + by1 + c) (ax2 + by2 + c) < 0
Example
y  y1 x  x1
 r Q. Find range of a for which (a, a2) and origin lie
sin  cos 
on same side of line 4x + 4y – 3 = 0
x = x1 + r cos , y = y1 + r sin  Q. If point (a, a 2 ) lies between lines
Example x + y – 2 = 0 & 4x + 4y – 3 = 0, find the range
Q. In what direction a line through point (1, of a.
2) must be drawn so that its intersection point Q. Determine values of  for which point (, 2) lies

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 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

inside the triangle formed by the lines 2x – 3y = y + 7 always passes  R
2x + 3y – 1 = 0, x + 2y – 3 = 0 & Type - 1
5x – 6y – 1 = 0 Equation of line always passing through point of
interesection of l1 = 0 & l2 = 0 is l1 + l2 = 0  R
Condition of Concurrency Q. Find equation of line passing through
l1  a1x  b1y  c1  0  intersection of 3x – 4y + 6 = 0 &
 x + y + 2 = 0 and
l2  a 2 x  b2 y  c 2  0  are concurrent
(i) Parallel to line y = 0
l3  a 3 x  b3 y  c3  0 
(ii) Parallel to line x = 7
(iii) At a distance of 5 units from origin
a1 b1 c1
(iv) Situated at maximum distance
If a 2 b 2 c 2  0 from point (2, 3)
a3 b3 c3
Type - 2
Note: Converse need not be true. (Converse of Type - 1)
l1 + l2 = 0 always passes through intersection of l1
Example = 0 & l2 = 0
Q. Find k if lines x – y = 3, x + y = 7, Examples
kx + 3y = 4 are concurrent
Q. If a, b, c are in A.P. find the point through
Q. Prove that in any  altitudes are con
current which ax + by + c = 0 always passes
Q. Let  R the lines x + sin y + cos  = 0 through.
x + cos y = sin = 0 Q. If a + 3b = 5c, find the fixed point
–x + sin y – cos = 0 through which line ax + by + c = 0 passes
If these lines are concurrent find the range of  If Q. If a2 + 9b2 = 6ab + 4c2 then ax + by + c = 0
 = 1 find general solution for 
passes through one of two fixed point ?
Q. If bc  ad and the lines
(sin 3) x + ay + b = 0 Q. If algebraic sum of the perpendiculars from
(cos 2) x + cy + d = 0 A (x1, y1), B(x2, y2), C(x3, y3) on a variable line
2x + (a + 2c) y + (b + 2d) = 0 ax + by + c = 0 vanished then the variable
are concurrent then find the most line always passes through.
general values of  (A) G of ABC (B) O of ABC
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(C) I of ABC (D) H of ABC

Family of lines
(i) Family of concurrent lines Q. The family of lines x (a + 2b) + y (a + 3b) = a
(ii) Family of parallel lines + b always passes through a fixed point. Find
Example the point.
Q. Find the point through which the line Q. The equations to the sides of a triangle are x
x – 1 + y = 0 always passes  R + 2y = 0, 4x + 3y = 5 and 3x + y = 0. Find the
Q. Find the point through which the line
coordinates of the orthocentre of the triangle
x – 2 +  (y – 1) = 0 always passes
without finding vertices of triangle.
 R
Q. Find the point through which the line

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 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

Type - 3 Example
Q. Find the new coordinate of point
(3, –4) if origin is shifted to (1, 2)

Q. Find transformed equation of the

straight line 2x – 3y + 5 = 0 if origin is
shifted to (3, –1)
Q. Find the point to which the origin shoul
be shifted so that the equation
x2 + y2 – 5x + 2y – 5 = 0 has no one
Equation of diagonal of ||gm
degree terms
AC = 1 2 – 3 4 = 0
Q. Find the point to which the origin should
BD = 1 4 – 2 3 = 0
be shifted so that the equation
y2 – 6y – 4x + 13 = 0 is transformed to
Example
y2 = Ax
Q. Find the equations of the diagonals of the
Q. Find area of triangle formed with
parallelogram formed by the lines
vertices (2, 0), (0,0), (1, 4) if origin is
2x – y + 7 = 0, 2x – y – 5 = 0, 3x + 2y – 5 =
shifted to (2010, 2012)
0 & 3x + 2y + 7 = 0
Note
Optics Problems
Slope of line remains same after changing the origin
Example
Example
Q. (i) Find reflection of point A (1, 7) about
Q. If the axes are shifted to (1, 1) then what
y axes
do the following equation becomes
Q. (ii) Find reflection of point (10, 3) about
(i) x2 + xy – 3y2 – y + 2 = 0
x axes
(ii) xy – x – y + 1 = 0
Q. (iii) If A (1, 7) B( 10, 3)
(iii) x2 – y2 – 2x + 2y = 0
Find coordinate of point C & D
Rotation of Co - ordinate system
Q. If A (1, 2) & B (3, 5), point P lies on x
axis find P such that AP + PB is
minimum
Shifting of Origin
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 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

Example
y
Q. The vertices of a ABC are
A (–1, 11), B(–9, –8) and C(15, –2)
Find the equation of the bisector of the
R Y angle at vertex A.
y
Q. Find bisectors between the lines
X
x + 3 y = 6 + 2 3 and x – 3 y =
x x
6–2 3
Example Note
Q. If the axes are rotated through an angle of 30º If m1 + m2 = 0  lines equally inclined with the
in the anticlockwise direction about the axes.
origin. The co- ordinates of point are Pair of Striaight Line
(4, – 2 3 ) in the new system. Find its old Pair of Line Through Origin
coordinates. ax + 2h xy + by2 = 0 (2º equation)
2

Angle Bisector (i) h2 > ab  lines are real & distinct

Locus of point such that its distance from two (ii) h2 = ab  lines are coincidental
intersecting lines is equal
(iii) h2 < ab  lines are imaginary with real
a1x  b1y  c1 a 2 x  b2 y  c2 point of intersection

a12  b12 a 22  b 22 Note
A homogeneous enquation of degree n represent n
straight lines passing through origin.
Example Note
Q. Find equation of angle bisector for lines If y = m1x & y = m2x be two equation represented
3x + 4y + 1 = 0, 12x + 5y + 3 = 0 by ax2 + 2h xy + by2= 0 then
To discriminate between the acute & obtuse 2h a
angle bisector (Method - 2) m1 + m2 = m1 m2 =
b b
To discriminate between the acute & obtuse Angle between two lines
angle bisector ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
(Method - 3)
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Example
Q. Find the bisectors between the line
Lines being perpendicular
4x + 3y – 7 = 0 and 24 x + 7y – 31 = 0
coefficient of x2 + coefficient of y2 = 0
Identify acute/ obtuse and origin containing/
not containing i.e. a + b = 0
To discriminate between the bisector of Lines are || / Coincident
h2 = ab
angle containing origin and that of the
Lines are equally inclined to X axis or
angle not containing origin.
coordinate axes are bisectors
(i) Rewrite lines with same sign of absolute term.
Coefficient of xy = 0
(ii) Now positive sign will give you origin
containing angle basector

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 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

Examples Q. The equation ax2 + 6xy – 5y2 – 4x + 6y

Q. Find angle between lines given by + c = 0 represents two perpendicular
x2 + 4xy + 4y2 = 0 striaght lines fine ‘a’ and ‘c’
Q. Find angle between lines give by Equation of angles bisectors of
x2 + 4xy + y2 = 0 ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
Q. Find angle between lines given by
y2 – 3x2 = 0 x 2  y 2 xy

Q. Find angle between lines given by xy = 0 ab h
Q. Find angle between lines given by
3x2 + 10xy – 3y2 = 0
Example
General Equation of 2º
ax + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
2 Q. Find equation of angle bisector of
Condition that 2º equation represents pair of straight lines xy = 0
lines Q. Find equation of angle bisector of
abc + 2fgh – af2 – bg2 – ch2 = 0 straight lines x2 – y2 = 0
a h g Product of  dropped from
or h b f 0 (x1, y1) to line pair given by
g f c ax2 + 2hxy + by2 = 0
Example | ax12  2hx1y1  by12 |
Q. Find whether 2x2 – xy – y2 – x + 4y – 3 = 0
(a  b) 2  4h 2
can be factorizecd in two linears. If yes find
the factors. Also find the angle between the
lines. Homogenization
Q. 12x2 + 7xy – 10y2 + 13x + 45y – 35 = 0 ax + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
2

Factorize this in two linear equations. lx + my + n = 0, is

Q. Find condition for which
 lx  my 
ax3 + bx2 y + cxy2 + dy3 = 0 ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx  
 n 
Represent three lines two of which are
at right angle. 2
 lx  my   lx  my 
Q. Prove that 3x2 – 8xy – 3y2 = 0 and  2fy    c  =0
 n   n 
x + 2y = 3 enclose a right isosceles .
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Also find area of .

Q. Prove that the lines Example
x2 – 4xy + y2 = 0 and x + y = 1 enclose Q. Find the equation of the line pair joinig origin
an equilateral triangle. Find also its area. and the point of intersection of the line 2x –
Q. Find centroid of  the equation of y = 3 and the curve x2 – y2 – xy + 3x – 6y +
whose sides are 12x2 – 20xy + 7y2 = 0 18 = 0. Also find the angle between these two
& 2x – 3y + 4= 0 lines.
Q. Find distance between parallel lines Q. Find the value of ‘m’ if the lines joining
(i) 4x2 + 4xy + y2 – 6x – 3y – 4 = 0 the origin to the points common to
(ii) x2 + 2 3 xy + 2y2 –3x –3 3 y–4=0 x2 + y2 + x – 2y – m = 0 & x + y = 1 are
at right angles.
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 Maths IIT-JEE ‘Best Approach’ (MC SIR) Straight Line

Q. Show that all chords of the curve

3x2 – y2 – 2x + 4y = 0
Subtending right angles at the origin
pass through a fixed point. Find also the
coordinates of the fixed point.
Q. A line L passing through the point (2, 1)
intersects the curve 4x2 + y2 – x + 4y – 2 = 0
at the points A, B. If the lines joining origin
and the points A, B are such that the
coordinate axis are the bisectors between
them then find the equation of line L.
Q. A straight line is drawn from the point (1, 0)
to intersect the curve x2 + y2 + 6x – 10y + 1
= 0 such that the intercept made by it on the
curve subtend a right angle at the origin. Find
the equation of the line L.
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