CLASSIFICATION OF TRIANGLES

TRIGONOMETRIC
∠ - angle Obtuse Angle Between
ANGLES 90° &
θ – theta
180°
α – alpha
β – beta
γ – gamma
Straight Exactly
DEGREE MEASURE
Angle 180°
1 revolution = 360 equal parts

1 degree = 60 minutes

1 minute = 60 seconds
Reflex Angle Greater
than 180°
KINDS OF
ANGLES

Name Angle Example

Measure

Acute Angle Between Complement α+β=

0° & 90° ary Angle α,β 90°

Right Angle Exactly Supplementa α+β=

90° ry Angles α , 180°
β
 Cotangent of ∠A Cot A =
adjacent side of ∠ A b
Very important Note:
=
opposite side of ∠ A a
In general, there are only two types
Secant of ∠A Sec A =
of triangles, namely: right triangle hypotenuse c
& oblique triangle. Oblique triangle =
adjacent side of ∠ A b
may be classified as acute triangle Cosecant of ∠A
or as obtuse triangle. Csc A
PYTHAGOREAN =
c 2=a2+ b2
THEOREM hypotenuse c
=
opposite side of ∠ A a

SIMILAR
PYTHAGOREAN
TRIANGLE
Definition TRIPLE COFUNCTION
RELATIONSHIP
Two triangles are said to be similar if one of the following m 2−1 m 2+1
m, ,
condition is met: 2 2
sin θ=cos ( 90° −θ )
 Corresponding sides are proportional
TRIGONOMETRIC tanθ=cot( 90°−θ)
RATIOS
a b c
= = sec θ=csc ( 90°−θ)
a' b' c ' Function Abbreviation/Definition
 Corresponding angles are equal cos θ=sin( 90°−θ)
Sine of ∠A Sin A =
opposite side of ∠ A a cot θ=tan( 90°−θ)
∠A = ∠ A' ,∠ B=∠ B' , ∠C=∠ C ' =
hypotenuse c
 Two sides are proportional and the included csc θ=sec ( 90°−θ)
angles are equal Cosine of ∠A Cos A =
adjacent side of ∠ A b
=
hypotenuse c

Tangent of ∠A Tan A =
opposite s ide of ∠ A a
=
NOTATIONS adjacent side of ∠ A b
 1 1
tan 45°= =1 cot 45 °= =1
1 1
QOUTIENT RELATIONSHIPS
RECIPROCAL RELATIONSHIPS
ANGLES OF ELEVATION AND
sin θ DEPRESSION
1 =tanθ
sin θ= cos θ
csc θ
cos θ
1 cot θ=
csc θ= sinθ
sin θ

1 FUNCTION VALUES OF 30° ∧60°

cos θ=
sec θ
1 3
1 sin 30° = sin 60° = √
sec θ= 2 2
cos θ
3 1
tanθ=
1 cos 30° = √ cos 60 °=
2 2
cot θ
1 tan60 °=√ 3
cot θ=
1 tan30 °=
tan θ √3
2
°
csc 60° =
csc 30 =2 √3
2 sec 60° =2
sec 30° =
PYTHAGOREAN √3
1
°
cot 60° =
cot 30 =√ 3 √3
2 2
sin +cos θ=1 Very important Note:

FUNCTION VALUES OF 45 ° Remember that both angle of elevation and

sec 2 θ=1+ tan 2 θ
angle of depression are measured from the
1 √2 2 horizontal to the line of sight
csc 2 θ=1+ cot 2 θ sin 45 °= = csc 45 °= √ = √2
√2 2 2

1 √2 2
cos 45°= = sec 45°= √ =√ 2
√2 2 1
 2. Solve a Triangle Knowing Two Sides
and the O Solve a Triangle Knowing
Two Sides and the Opposite Angle.

BEARINGS 3. pposite Angle.

 COMPASS BEARINGS
Compass bearings indicate the direction to
be followed. A surveyor gives the direction or
bearing of a line by stating the acute angle that it
makes with a north-south line, and by telling
whether it is east or west of that line.

 TRUE BEARINGS 1. Solve a Triangle K Solve a Triangle

In navigation, bearings or directions of a Knowing Two Sides and an Included
line are usually given in degrees but measured in a Angle.
clockwise direction starting from north. They are
called true bearings. When a single angle is given,
it is understood to be the true bearing of a line.

SOLUTION OF OBLIQUE TRIANGLES BY

MEANS OF A RIGHT TRIANGLE

1. Solve a Triangle Knowing: One Side and

Two Adjacent Angles.
 Since the sine of an angle can never be greater than 1, the
problem has no solution. The drawing above shows the
impossibility of the situation.

2. sin B = 1. One Solution: Right Triangle Solve the triangle with the following data: A = 30°,
a = 3 m and b = 4 m.
Solve the triangle with the following data: A = 30°,
sin B > 1. No solution a = 3 m and b = 6 m.
sin B = 1. One solution
sin B < 1. One or two solutions

1. sin B > 1. No solution

Solve the triangle with the following data: A = 30°, a = 3 m

and b = 8 m.
3. Solve a Triangle Knowing Tw Solve
a Triangle Knowing Two Sides and
3. sin B < 1. One or Two Solutions
the Opposite Angle.
Solve the triangle with the following data: A = 60°, a =
8 m and b = 4 m.
 π
GENERATION OF ANGLES 90° = radians ( one quarter−revolution )
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS OF COTERMINAL 2
ANGLES
180° =π radians ( one half −revolution )

ʄ ( θ )= ʄ (θ+ n ∙360° ) 3π
270° = radians ( three quarter−revolution )
2
EVEN & ODD FUNCTIONS
360° =2 π radians( one full revolution)

If ʄ(-x) = ʄ(x) for all x, then ʄ is called even function. RADIAN MEASURE

If ʄ(-x) = -ʄ(x) for all x, then ʄ is called an odd function.

s
θ=
r

Very important Note:

CONVERSION FORMULA
Both cosine and secant functions are
even functions, while the remaining From To Multiply
trigonometric functions are odd
functions.
FUNCTIONS OF NEGATIVE ANGLES Radians Degrees 180°
π
UNIT CIRCLE
sin (−θ ) =−sin θ

cos (−θ )=cos θ

 Degrees Radians π
180°

ARC LENGTH

s=rθ θ∈radians

AREA OF A SECTOR OF A CIRCLE CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS

1
A= r 2 θ , θ∈radians
2
Very Important note:

The circular functions are defined for real

APPLICATIONS: LINEAR AND ANGULAR
number s, whereas trigonometric functions
VELOCITY
are defined for angles. However, there is a
relationship between the two.
θ
ω= , θ∈radians
t OTHER TRIGONOMOTERIC FUNCCTIONS OF
REAL NUMBERS
FUNDAMENTAL IDENTITIES
RELATING LINEAR AND ANGULAR
VELOCITY • RECIPROCAL
If s is a real number and p(x,y) is the point
on the unit circle that corresponds to s, then IDENTITIES
s θ
=r sin s y 1 1 1
t t tan s= = ( if x ≠ 0 ) csc s= sec s= cot s=
cos s x sin s cos s tan s
v=rω
cos s x •
cot s= = ( if y ≠ 0 )
Where: sin s y

νis the linear velocity of a point on a circle 1 1

sec s= = (if x ≠ 0)
 In other words, if θ is an angle with radian measures,
then any trigonometric functions of θ is equal to the
sin s cos s corresponding circular functions of the real number s.
tan s= cots=
cos s sin s consequently, we can interpret radian measures of angles as
real numbers.

• PYTHAGOREAN
IDENTITIES FINDING THE VALUES OF THE OTHER
CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS GIVEN ONE
sin 2 s +cos 2 s=11+ tan 2 s=sec 2 s FUNCTION

NOTE: 1+cot 2 s=csc 2 s Since x 2+ y 2=1, given the value of any function of a
number, the other functions can be found.
(i) cos 2 s=¿ ¿
GENERAL REDUCTION
(ii) cos 2 s ≠ cos s 2 THEOREMS

1. FOR ANY EVEN INTEGER

IMPORTANT CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN
K,
CIRCULAR AND TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
ANY CIRCULAR FUNCTIONS OF
P(S) = (COS S, SIN) ( θ ≠ k ∙ 90° )=±¿

S=θ 1. FOR ANY ODD INTEGER

K,
R=1 Y ANY CIRCULAR DUNCTION OF
A (1,0)
( θ ± k ∙ 90° )=±¿
0 X

x 2+ y 2

Sin(a real number s) = sin(an angle of θ radians)

Cos(a real number s) = cos(an angle of θ radians)