Smart Grid

Technologies
and
Applications Dr. Hari Kumar R
Assistant Professor
Department of Electrical Engineering
College of Engineering Trivandrum
 Module I

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Syllabus
Module I

• Evolution of Electric Grid

• Concept, Definitions and Need for Smart Grid
• Smart Grid Drivers
• Functions, Opportunities, Challenges and Benefits

• Present Development & International Policies in Smart Grid

• Indian Smart Grid
• Components and Architecture of Smart Grid Design

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Evolution of Electric Grid

Thomas Alva Edison George Westinghouse Jr.

(February 11, 1847 – October 18, 1931) (October 6, 1846 – March 12, 1914)

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Evolution of Electric Grid
 The first investor-owned electric utility: in 1882 on Pearl Street Station, New York City

 The first alternating current power grid system was installed in 1886 in Great Barrington,
Massachusetts

 In the 20th century local grids were interconnected for economic and reliability reasons

 1960s, the electric grids of developed countries had become very large- The topology
was a result of the strong economies of scale

 Through the 1970s to the 1990s, growing demand led to increasing numbers of power
stations

 Towards the end of the 20th century, electricity demand patterns were established

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Conventional Power System

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Modern Power System

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Modern Power System- Characteristics
 Wide geographical spread

 Large number of interconnections

 Rapid growth in the demand of electricity

 Power system components are being operated closer to their designed limits

 High penetration of renewable energy sources

 Competitive electricity market

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – The Concept

 Smart Grid refers to the integration of digital technology into the existing electrical grid,
enabling two-way communication between all grid components, which will allow the grid
to:
 Optimize assets and operate more efficiently
 Reduce frequency and duration of outages
 Resist physical and cyber attack
 Provide improved power quality
 Accommodate renewable energy and energy storage options
 Enable new products, services, and markets
 Smart grid technologies emerged from earlier attempts at using electronic control,
metering, and monitoring

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Definitions
 A modernized grid that enables bidirectional flows of energy and uses two-way
communication and control capabilities that will lead to an array of new functionalities
and applications that go well beyond “smart” meters for homes and businesses Markets.
(NIST, USA)

 The smart grid is a revolutionary undertaking—entailing new communications-and-

control capabilities, energy sources, generation models and adherence to cross-
jurisdictional regulatory structures. (IEEE)

 An intelligent electric power delivery infrastructure (Intelligent Grid) that integrates

advances in communications, computing, and electronics to meet society’s electric
service needs in the future. (EPRI,USA)

 The Smart Grid is a developing network of transmission lines, equipment, controls and
new technologies working together to respond immediately to our 21st Century demand
for electricity. (SG3-IEC)

 Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Definitions

 A Smart Grid is one that incorporates information and communications technology into
every aspect of electricity generation, delivery and consumption in order to minimize
environmental impact, enhance markets, improve reliability and service, reduce costs and
improve efficiency. (DOE, USA)

 An intelligent, auto balancing, self-monitoring power grid that accepts any source of fuel
(coal, sun, wind) and transforms it into a consumer’s end use (heat, light, warm water)
with minimal human intervention. (Xcel Energy)

 Smart Grid refers to a modern, intelligent electricity transmission and distribution system
that incorporates traditional and advanced power engineering to enhance grid performa
nce and support a wide array of functionality for customers and the economy. In other
words: modernization and automation of the current power delivery system
(The BC Hydro )

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Characteristics

1. Increased use of digital information and controls technology to improve reliability,

security, and efficiency of the electric grid

2. Dynamic optimization of grid operations and resources, with full cyber security

3. Deployment and integration of distributed resources and generation, including

renewable resources

4. Development and incorporation of demand response, demand-side resources, and

energy efficiency resources

5. Deployment of ‘‘smart’’ technologies for metering, communications concerning grid

operations and status, and distribution automation

Source: EISA 2007

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Characteristics

6. Integration of ‘‘smart’’ appliances and consumer devices

7. Deployment and integration of advanced electricity storage and peak-shaving technologies,

including plug-in electric and hybrid electric vehicles, and thermal-storage air conditioning

8. Provision to consumers of timely information and control options

9. Development of standards for communication and interoperability of appliances and

equipment connected to the electric grid, including the infrastructure serving the grid

10. Identification and lowering of unreasonable or unnecessary barriers to adoption of Smart

Grid technologies, practices, and services

Source: EISA 2007

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Goals and Functionalities
 Consumer Participation
 Real Time Monitoring of consumption
 Control of smart appliances
 Building Automation
 Real Time Pricing
 Distributed Generation: Incorporation of renewable energy resources into the grid
 Power System Efficiency
 Power Monitoring
 Asset Management and optimal utilizations
 Distribution Automation and Protection
 Power Quality
 Self Healing
 Frequency Monitoring and Control
 Load Forecasting
 Anticipation of Disturbances
 New products in terms of Value Added Services (VAS)

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Interoperability

 The ability of diverse systems and their components to communicate and operate
effectively with one another

 Devices must have

 “Plug and play” characteristics

 Uniform framework of interfaces, protocols, and other consensus standards

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Structure

 Consists of three layers:

(i) The power and energy layer

(ii) The communication layer

(iii) The IT/computer layer

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – The Conceptual Model
•IEEE P2030 (Guide for Smart Grid
Interoperability of Energy Technology
and Information Technology Operation
with the Electric Power System (EPS))

•It provides a Smart Grid interoperability

reference model (SGIRM) which identifies
and defines generic interfaces between
functional domains from three
perspectives

•The concept of interface is key to

maintain important quality attributes
such as interoperability, synchronicity,
reliability, security, scalability and more

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Domains
 Bulk generation: Components related to the generation facilities or storages directly
connected to the grid.

 Transmission: Equipment associated with the electrical transmission system.

 Distribution: The main components are the distribution substation, lines with low
voltage, transformers, etc.

 Customers: Entities connected to and using the electrical distribution system. There
exist three customer types: residential, commercial, and industrial.

 Control and operation: Control and maintain the entire power system.

 Markets: Reflect the market operations associated with electric utilities.

 Service providers: Third-party electrical services.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Domains
Bulk Generation
 Co-existence of various types of renewable and non-renewable generating technologies,
such as coal, hydro, nuclear, solar, biomass, geothermal, etc.

 System operator has to coordinate the operation of the generation plants, and ensure
the stable and secure operation of the system.

 Wide-area measurement system (WAMS) enabled by communication technologies need

to be used to control the operation of the generating stations. (eg. WAMS based power
system stabilizer)

 Communication infrastructure needs to be in place between the generating facilities

and the system operator, electricity market, and the transmission system.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Domains
Transmission
 Energy-efficient transmission network will carry the power from the bulk generation
facilities to the power distribution systems.

 Communication interface exists between the transmission network and the bulk-
generating stations, system operator, power market, and the distribution system.

 The transmission network needs to be monitored in real-time, and protected against

any potential disturbance.

 The power flow and voltage on the lines need to be controlled in order to maintain
stable and secure operation of the system.

 An important task of the system operator is to ensure optimal utilization of the

transmission network, by minimizing the losses and voltage deviations, and
maximizing the reliability of the supply.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Domains
Distribution
 Substation automation and distribution automation will be the key enablers for the smart
distribution systems.

 Increasing use of distributed energy resources (DERs) will be an important feature of future
distribution systems.

 Distribution system operator typically controls the distribution system remotely.

 Communication infrastructure to exchange information between the substations and a

central distribution management system (DMS) therefore should be in place.

 An important job of the distribution system operator is to control the DERs in a coordinated
way to ensure stability and power quality of the distribution system.

 Information exchange between the distribution system operator and the customers for
better operation of the distribution system is a new feature of the smart distribution systems.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Domains
Customers
 Customers can be classified into three main categories: residential, commercial, and
industrial.

 In smart grids, customers are going to play a very important role through demand
response.

 By peak-load shaving, valley-filling, and emergency response, customers are going to

play an active role in better operation of the distribution system

 Building or home automation system will monitor and control the power consumption
at the consumer premises in an intelligent way.

 Proper communication infrastructure will be required for the consumers to interact with
the operators, distribution systems, and the market.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Domains
Operations
 Smart grid operations require communication interface with the bulk generating
facilities, transmission system, substation automation, distribution automation, DMS,
consumers, and the market.

 Metering, recording, and controlling operations come under the purview of the
smart grid operations.

 Real-time information exchange with the power market needs to be established in

order to implement power trading and scheduling.

 The operators need to interact with various service providers for ensuring proper
functioning of the smart grid.

 Information exchange with the consumers or prosumers is they key for the
operators to implement the so-called demand management system.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Domains
Markets
 Smart grid power market needs to develop, keeping in mind all the objectives of the
smart grid.

 The communication infrastructure integrating the bulk generation, transmission,

distribution, consumers, markets, and service providers is the key to the success of the
power market in a smart grid.

 Appropriate regulatory policies need to formulated for seamless integration of the

various domains, including the storage and DER aggregators into the smart grid market.

 The pricing information has to be made available online for shorter intervals (hours or
even minutes).

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Domains
Service Providers
 Various service providers will emerge, as the smart grid business model matures.

 Communication interface with the operator, market, and consumers will be needed for
the service providers.

 Examples of services:
 Forecasting for renewable generation.

 Billing and customer complain management.

 Building and home management.

 Installation and commissioning services.

 Account management.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Features
 Reliability: Non intrusive fault detection and self-healing

 Flexibility in network topology: Handle possible bidirection energy flows

 Efficiency: eg. demand-side management, Voltage/VAR Optimization, Advanced Metering

Infrastructure

 Load adjustment/Load balancing: warn all customers to reduce the load temporarily

 Peak curtailment/leveling and time of use pricing

 Sustainability

 Market-enabling: Allow systematic communication between suppliers (their energy price)

and consumers (their willingness-to-pay)

 Demand response support: interaction between generators and loads in real time

 Platform for advanced services

 Provision megabits, control power with kilobits, sell the rest

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Opportunities
 Develop Smart Tools and Technologies to Utilize Demand Response, Demand Load
Control, and Energy Efficiency

 Expand and Upgrade Infrastructure to Improve Communications and Interconnectivity

 Regulations in Communication, price, cyber security.

 Customer Education

 Create Models to Foster Smart Grid Investment and Inform Regulatory Frameworks

 Develop Infrastructure to Assure Cyber Security and Resilience

 Deployment of all functionalities of Smart Grid

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Opportunities
Local

 Integrated Communications:
 To connect components to open architecture for real-time information and control, information and
data exchange to optimize system reliability, asset utilization, and security.

 Data acquisition, protection, and control, and enable users to interact with intelligent electronic device
s in an integrated system.

 Areas for improvement include: substation automation, demand response, distribution automation, sup
ervisory control and data acquisition, energy management systems, wireless mesh networks and other
technologies, power-line carrier communications, and fiber optics

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Opportunities
Local

 Sensing and Measurement:

 To support faster and more accurate responses

 Support acquiring data to evaluate the health and integrity of the grid and support automatic meter
reading, elimination of billing estimates, and prevent energy theft

 Advanced Components:
 To apply the latest research in superconductivity, storage, power electronics, and diagnostics

 Used to determine the electrical behaviour of the grid and can be applied in either standalone
applications or connected together to create complex systems such as microgrids.

 The success, availability, and affordability of these components will be based on fundamental
research and development (R&D) gains in power electronics, superconductivity, materials, chemistry,
and microelectronics.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Opportunities
Local

 Advanced Control Methods:

 To monitor essential components that enable rapid diagnostics and precise solutions appropriate
for any event

 using the devices and algorithms that will analyze, diagnose, and predict grid conditions and
autonomously take appropriate corrective actions to eliminate, mitigate, and prevent outages
and power quality disturbances.

 Improved Interfaces and Decision Support:

 Convert complex power-system data into information that can be easily understood by grid
operators

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Opportunities
Regional and National

 Be self-healing

 Resist attack

 Provide higher quality power that will save money lost on outages

 Motivate consumers to actively participate in grid operations

 Accommodate all generation and energy storage options

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Opportunities
Global

 Efficient analysis to:

 Run the grid more efficiently

 Enable electricity markets to flourish

 Enable higher penetration of intermittent power generations sources

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technology
 Integrated communications: allow for real-time control, information and data exchange
to optimize system reliability, asset utilization, and security.

 Sensing and measurement: evaluating congestion and grid stability, monitoring

equipment health, energy theft prevention, and control strategies support

 Smart meters

 Phasor measurement units

 Distributed power flow control: consistent, real-time control over how that energy is
routed within the grid. enable greater use of renewable energy

 Smart power generation using advanced components: concept of matching electricity

generation with demand using multiple identical generators which can start, stop and
operate efficiently at chosen load, independently of the others

 Power system automation: Enables rapid diagnosis of and precise solutions to specific
grid disruptions or outages

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technology
Integrated Communication

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technology
Sensing and Measurement
 The backbone of a Smart Grid.

 Smart meters and the associated advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) has to be in
place to support monitoring, control, protection, and decision making functions.

 High-resolution real-time measurements will enable optimal usage of the available

resources, avoid congestions, assist market operations, and make demand side
management possible.

 Emerging technologies, such as the synchrophasor technology is already being used in

modern power systems.

 Phasor measurement units (PMUs) can provide time synchronized measurements from
distant locations, and make possible the design of a wide area monitoring, protection,
and control (WAMPAC) system.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technology
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
 Smart meters at user end

 Smart meter network

 Zigbee
 Global System for Mobile communication (GSM)
 Broadband over Power Line (BPL)
 Internet/Intranet
 WiFi
 Meter data concentration unit

 Meter Data Management System (MDMS)

 Integration of MDMS with SCADA

 IT infrastructure for the MDMS

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technology
Phasor Measurement Units
 Phasor represents a sinusoidal signal with a magnitude and a phase angle (with respect
to a reference).

 Phasor measurement technology enables measurement of voltage and current phasors

with respect to a reference signal from a satellite clock.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technology
Advanced Control
 Better control of bulk generation.
 Advanced microelectronics, better control for the generators.

 Use of wide area signals to mitigate power oscillations (power system stabilizers), enhance
t ransient stability of the generators.

 Real-time monitoring and control for power system stability.

 Use of wide area measurement system for monitoring and control of angular, frequency, and
voltage stability.

 Distributed control, self-healing of the grid following a disturbance.

 Advanced control of distribution systems.

 Stability and control of microgrids under grid connected and islanded mode.

 Appropriate load sharing and optimal usage of energy mix at the distribution level.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technology
Advanced components
 Advanced use of power electronics.
 Flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices for better voltage control,
power quality improvement, reactive power balance, stability improvement, and transfer of
power over long distances.

 High voltage direct current (HVDC) system for back-to-back and long distance power
transmission, improving system stability.

 Superconducting devices.
 Superconducting wires for highly efficient and reliable transfer of power, improvement of
power quality.

 High temperature superconducting (HTS) cables for transfer of bulk power at lower voltage
and high current; lowers cost of HVDC terminals by 20- 50%; huge potential for future
power systems

 Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES), superconducting synchronous

condensers, fault current limiters, high-efficiency motors and generators.
Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technology
Advanced components
 Advanced generation technologies.
 Improvement in the existing technologies for bulk generation.

 Developments in the distributed energy resources (DER) technologies (typically in 3 kW-10

MW range), using advances in chemistry, materials, and power electronics.

 Advanced storage technologies.

 Sodium sulfur (NaS) battery: highly efficient (~89%), economic, large energy storage
capacity, can be used for power quality, peak shaving.

 Vanadium redox flow battery (VRB): larger storage, modular design, can be used for peak
shaving, stability improvement of the grid.

 Ultracapacitors: stores energy like a battery, discharges quickly like a capacitor.

 Superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES): low loss, fast response, used for power
quality improvement and stability enhancement.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technology
Advanced components
 Composite conductors.
 High temperature operation, increased amperage, reduced sag.

 Examples: Aluminum Conductor Composite Core (ACCC™) Cable, Aluminum Conductor Composite
Reinforced (ACCR) Cable, Annealed aluminum, steel supported, trapezoid cross section conductor
wire (ACSS/TW).

 Grid-friendly appliances.
 Voltage and frequency-sensing appliances will assist in stabilizing the grid following a
disturbance, enable demand response.

 Example: appliances, such as heaters, air conditioners, washing machines, dryers etc. can be
switched on or off to shave peak load or fill valley load.

 This will enable customers to participate effectively in making the grid smarter.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technology
Wide Area Measurement System (WAMS)
 Measurements from widely dispersed locations are synchronized with respect to a
satellite (e.g. GPS) clock

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Need for Smart Grid
 Opportunities to take advantage of improvements in electronic communication
technology to resolve the limitations and costs of the electrical grid have
become apparent

 Concerns over environmental damage from fossil-fired power stations

 The rapidly falling costs of renewable based sources point to a major change
from the centralised grid topology to one that is highly distributed

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Need for Smart Grid in India
 India’s transmission and distribution losses are amongst the highest in the world

 India has one of the weakest electric grids in the world

 Poorly planned distribution network,

 Overloading of the system components,

 Lack of reactive power support and regulation services

 Low metering efficiency and bill collection

 With increased penetration of unpredictable energy sources feeding the grid, it is

necessary to have a grid that is highly adaptive

 Large area is unelectrified

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Drivers

 Increase In Electricity Demand & Supply Shortfall

 Loss Reduction

 Increase In Unit Cost Of Electricity

 Reliability

 Efficiency

 Renewable Energy Integration

 Grid Improvement

 Energy Advancement

 Managing Human Element

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Drivers

 Economy

 Policy and Regulations

 Aging Infrastructure

 Energy Security

 Technology

 Environment

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Drivers

 The economies of scale that now make a smart grid affordable

 The adoption of renewable energy as its cost per kilowatt comes down

 The computing infrastructure required to run smart grids now up and running

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Functions
 Exchange data on electricity generators, consumers and grids over the internet and proc
ess this data by means of information technology

 Integrate numerous new smaller electricity generation facilities

 Balance out fluctuations in electricity yields that arise as a result of the use of renewable
energies

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Functions
 Fault Current Limiting
 Through sensors, communications, information processing, and actuators that allow the
utility to use a higher degree of network coordination to reconfigure the system to
prevent fault currents from exceeding damaging levels

 Fault Current Limiters (FCLs)

 Wide Area Monitoring, Visualization, & Control

 Using time synchronized sensors, communications, and information processing

 Dynamic Capability Rating

 real‐time determination of an element’s (e.g., line, transformer etc.) ability to carry load b
ased on electrical and environmental conditions

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Functions
 Power Flow Control
 Using flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS), phase angle regulating transformers (PARs), s
eries capacitors, and very low impedance superconductors

 Adaptive Protection
 Adjustable protective relay settings (e.g., current, voltage, feeders, and equipment) that can
change in real time based on signals from local sensors or a central control system

 Automated Feeder and Line Switching

 Automatic isolation and reconfiguration of faulted segments of distribution feeders or trans
mission lines via sensors, controls, switches, and communications systems

 Automated Islanding and Reconnection

 Automated separation and subsequent reconnection of an independently operated portion
of the T&D system

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Functions
 Automated Voltage and VAR Control
 By coordinated operation of reactive power resources such as capacitor banks, voltage
regulators, transformer load‐tap changers, and distributed generation (DG) with sensors,
controls, and communications systems

 Diagnosis & Notification of Equipment Condition

 on‐line monitoring and analysis of equipment, its performance, and operating
environment in order to detect abnormal conditions

 Enhanced Fault Protection

 Higher precision and greater discrimination of fault location and type with coordinated
measurement among multiple devices

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Functions
 Real-time Load Measurement and Management
 real‐time measurement of customer consumption and management of load through
Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) systems and embedded appliance controllers
that help customers make informed energy use decisions via real‐time price signals,
time‐of‐use (TOU) rates, and service options

 Real-time Load Transfer

 real‐time
‐ feeder reconfiguration and optimization to relieve load on equipment,
improve asset utilization, improve distribution system efficiency, and enhance system
performance

 Customer Electricity Use Optimization

 customers are provided with information to make educated decisions about their
electricity use

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Components
 Intelligent appliances capable of deciding when to consume power based on pre-set
customer preferences

 Smart power meters: featuring two-way communications between consumers and

power providers

 Smart substations: monitoring and control of critical and non-critical operational data s
uch as power factor performance, breaker, transformer and battery status, security, etc.

 Smart distribution: self-healing, self-balancing and self-optimizing

 Smart generation: capable of "learning" the unique behavior of power generation resour
ces to optimize energy production, and to automatically maintain voltage, frequency an
d power factor standards based on feedback from multiple points in the grid

 Universal access to affordable, low-carbon electrical power generation and storage

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Benefits
 Self-Healing: detects and responds to routine problems and quickly recovers if they occur, mini
mizing downtime and financial loss.

 Motivates and Includes the Consumer: visibility into real-time pricing, and affords them the op
portunity to choose the volume of consumption and price that best suits their needs

 Resists Attack: security built-in from the ground up

 Provides Power Quality for 21st Century Needs: provides power free of sags, spikes,
disturbances and interruptions

 Accommodates All Generation and Storage Options: "plug-and-play" interconnection to

multiple and distributed sources

 Enables Markets: supports energy markets that encourage both investment and innovation.

 Optimizes Assets and Operates Efficiently: build less new infrastructure, transmit more power t
hrough existing systems, and thereby spend less to operate and maintain the grid

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Benefits
For Consumers
 Offer up-to-the-moment information on their energy usage

 Enable electric cars, smart appliances, and other smart devices to be charged and
programmed to run during off-peak hours to lower energy bills

 Open up a wider range of electricity pricing options.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Benefits
For utilities and other stakeholders
 Increase grid reliability and reduce the frequency of power blackouts and brownouts

 Increase grid resiliency

 Quickly restore power after outages

 Reduce inefficiencies in energy delivery

 Integrate the sustainable resources of wind and solar energy more fully into the grid

 improve management of distributed energy resources, including microgrid operations and storage
management.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Challenges
 Financial Resources : Regulators will require extensive proof before authorizing major investme
nts based heavily on societal benefits

 Government Support

 Compatible Equipment

 Speed of Technology Development

 Policy and Regulation: Unless an attractive return on smart grid investments is encouraged, util
ities will remain reluctant to invest in new technologies

 Cooperation: freely exchange information between utilities

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technical Challenges
 Network Communications

 Demand Response

 Energy Storage

 Distribution Grid Management

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technical Challenges
Network Communications
 Identify performance metrics

 Validate core operational requirements of different applications, users, and domains

 Maintain appropriate security and access controls

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technical Challenges
Demand Response
 Cut energy use during times of peak demand

 Be efficient when power reliability is at risk.

 Optimize the balance of power supply and demand regardless of system size

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technical Challenges
Energy Storage
 The significant bulk energy storage technology available today is pumped hydroelectric
storage technology.

 New storage capabilities—especially for distributed storage—would benefit the entire

grid, from generation to end use.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technical Challenges
Distribution Grid Management
 Maximizing performance of feeders,
transformers, and other components of
networked distribution systems

 Integrating transmission systems and

customer operations

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Technical Challenges
Numerous challenges, but great opportunity

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Architecture

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Architecture
 The Structure of Components, their relationships, and the principles and guidelines
governing their design and evolution over time

 Standards, User Implementation Agreements, Technology Guidelines and other

documents are important building blocks but are insufficient in themselves for large
scale integrated systems like smart grid

 Architecture provides the integration necessary to bring together the full vision of
the intended system
 Identify key domains and domain interfaces
 Identify where open standards need to be harmonized, unified or otherwise integrated
 Identify and manage how legacy systems should be integrated
 Architecture is necessary to ensure a minimum levels of completeness in system requ
irements including the following categories:
 Systems and Network Management
 Security Management
 Applications Development
 Requirements Traceability to Identified Stakeholder Needs

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Architecture

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid - Architecture
 Architecture provides a framework for consistency where it is needed to:
 Enable effective system designs, and documentation

 Develop, implement and manage security (and systems management) policies across the enterpri
se/industry

 Manage scale and scope of deployed systems

 Integrate systems across traditional operating boundaries e.g. IT and Power Engineering

 Integrate systems across ownership boundaries e.g. utilities and customer systems

 Provide a systematic approach to Life-Cycle management of systems

 Provide a means of requirements traceability

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Conceptual Reference Diagram

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Policies- US
•Metric tons of CO2 per Capita: 18.1
Status •Percent Renewable Generation: 11%

•CO2 emissions 17% below 2005 level by 2020

Targets •80% clean energy by 2035

Financial Incentives •In 2009: $4.5 billion for smart grid investment grants

•Energy Policy Act of 2005 and FERC Order 1000

Key Legislation •Stimulus Bill

• Improving distribution and transmission infrastructure to enhance system

Smart Grid Policy Emphases reliability and efficiency and to better integrate renewable generation
•Smart meter deployment
Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Policies- UK
•Metric tons of CO2 per Capita: 8.5
Status •Percent Renewable Generation: 7%

•Carbon emissions reduction by at least 34% by 2020 and 80% by 2050 –below
Targets the 1990 baseline
•15% of total energy consumption from renewables by 2020

•A £500 million Low Carbon Networks (LCN) Fund

Financial Incentives •A £6 million Smart Grid Demonstration Fund

•Feed-in-tariffs available

•The 2008 Energy Act

Key Legislation •Energy Bill 2010-11

•Smart Metering Implementation Programme

• Distribution network modernization

Smart Grid Policy Emphases •Smart meter deployment

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Policies- Italy
•Metric tons of CO2 per Capita: 7.2
Status •Percent Renewable Generation: 27%

Targets •17% of total energy consumption from renewables by 2020

Financial Incentives •Feed-in-tariffs available

•Regulatory orders Key Legislation

Key Legislation •National action plan for renewable energies of Italy

• Improving distribution and transmission infrastructure to better integrate

Smart Grid Policy Emphases renewable generation
•Smart meter deployment
Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Policies- Japan
•Metric tons of CO2 per Capita: 9.2
Status •Percent Renewable Generation: 10%

•Reducing carbon Emissions by 30% below 1990 by 2030

Targets •Raising zero-emission power source ratio to 70%

•$73 million investment on community grid system

Financial Incentives •$1.1 billion on four smart grid technology pilot projects
•Feed-in-tariffs available

Key Legislation •The Strategic Energy Plan of Japan

• Smart grid and smart communities demonstration programs

Smart Grid Policy Emphases •Smart meter deployment

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Policies- South Korea
•Metric tons of CO2 per Capita: 11.9
Status •Percent Renewable Generation: 1%

•Carbon emission reduced by 30% below BAU by 2020

Targets •11% of total energy consumption from renewables by 2030

•$25.85 billion allocated for smart grid technology and Financial Incentives
Financial Incentives infrastructure development

•Smart Grid Road Map 2030 Key Legislation

Key Legislation •Korea’s National Strategy for Green Growth

• •Smart power grid; Smart consumers; Smart transportation; Smart renewables;

Smart Grid Policy Emphases Smart electricity services

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid Policies- China
•Metric tons of CO2 per Capita: 6.3
Status •Percent Renewable Generation: 19%

•Carbon intensity reduced by 17% below the 2011 level by 2015

Targets •11% of total primary energy consumption from renewables by 2015

Financial Incentives •$45 billion investment in smart grid between 2011 and Financial Incentives 2015

•The Amendment of the Renewable Energy Law (2009)

Key Legislation •The 12th Five-year Plan

•Increasing transmission and distribution capacity

Smart Grid Policy Emphases •Integration of distributed renewable generation

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – India
 India Smart Grid Forum (ISGF):
 Launched by Union Power Minister on May 26, 2010.

 A non-profit voluntary consortium of public and private stakeholders with the prime objective of ac
celerating development of Smart Grid technologies in the Indian Power Sector.

 India Smart Grid Task Force (ISGTF):

 An inter ministerial group and will serve as Government’s focal point for activities related to Smart
Grid.

 Distributed control, self-healing of the grid following a disturbance.

 Many utilities have started individual activities at different levels.

 Several pilot city projects are being funded by MOP, and coordinated by the Ministry of Urban
Development

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – India
 Smart Grid Roadmap that was issued by Ministry of Power in August 2013 with activities and t
argets towards achieving a nationwide rollout of smart grids by 2027.

 The formation of a National Smart Grid Mission, which was proposed to bring together
stakeholders from across the country to implement the Smart Grid Roadmap.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – India
 Model smart grid regulation - Released by the Forum of Regulators (which brings
together state utility regulators and the Central Energy Regulatory Commission)

 The regulation covers among other aspects the formation of smart grid ‘cells’, time of
use tariff regime, demand response and mandatory rooftop generation for large
customers, the formulation and execution of projects, mechanisms for cost recovery
and monitoring and evaluation of projects.

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – India
 14 Smart Grid Pilot Projects

 Functionalities covered under these projects are AMI, PQM, OMS, PLM, and DG.

 Involve installation of Smart Meters for the purpose of reduction in distribution losses and
reliability improvement

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Pilot Projets in India

1. Ajmer Vidyut Vitran Nigam Ltd. (AJMER DISCOM), Rajasthan 8. Telangana State Southern Power Distribution Company Limit
ed (TSSPDCL), Telangana
2. Assam Power Distribution Company Limited (APDCL), Assam
9. Uttar Haryana Bijli Vitran Nigam (UHBVN), Haryana
3. Chamundeshwari Electricity Supply Corporation (CESC),
Mysore 10. Uttar Gujarat VIJ Company Ltd. (UGVCL), Gujarat

4. The Electricity Department of Government of Puducherry 11. West Bengal State Electricity Distribution Company
(PED), Puducherry (WBSEDCL) West Bengal

5. Himachal Pradesh State Electricity Board Ltd. (HPSEB), Himac 12. Chhattisgarh State Power Distribution Company Limited (C
hal Pradesh SPDCL), Chandigarh

6. Punjab State Power Corporation Limited (PSPCL), Punjab 13. Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Co. Ltd. (MSEDC),
Maharashtra (Amravati and Congress Nagar)
7. Tripura State Electricity Corporation Ltd. (TSECL), Tripura
14. Kerala State Electricity Board Limited (KSEBL), Kerala

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Pilot Projects in India
1. AVVNL, Ajmer

Area of Implementation • Satguru Feeder, Ajmer City

• Test pilot for implementation of AMI with co-existence of smart meters and over-the-top module
Project Summary retrofitted meters for approximately 1000 consumers.

Functionalities Adopted • Advanced Metering Infrastructure

• Coexistence of meters from different vendors

Benefits Envisaged • Reduction in AT&C Losses

• Better energy audit

• Project Type: Smart Grid Pilot in Power Distribution Sector

Key Facts • Total Cost of Project: Invested by USAID, supported by NSGM

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Pilot Projects in India
2. APDCL, Assam

Area of Implementation • Guwahati Distribution Region

• The pilot project covers 15,000 consumers involving 90MUs of input energy.

Project Summary • Under RAPDRP Part-A, SCADA / DMS is also being implemented
• Distributed Energy Integration

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure.

Functionalities Adopted • Peak Load Management; Outage Management.

• Distributed Generation.

• Increased available energy during peak time; Revenue increase through Power Quality measurements
and power factor penalty; Reduction in AT&C Losses; Reduction in interest payments due to deferred

Benefits Envisaged Capital Investment in sub-transmission networks. Improvement of availability (reduction of Customer
Minutes Lost); Improved management of power procurement options Unscheduled Interchange using
Short Term Load Forecasts

• Project Type: Smart Grid Pilot in Power Distribution Sector

Key Facts • Total Cost of Project: Rs.29.86 Cr.. Evaluated Project Cost: Rs.20.92 Cr, MoP Share: Rs.10.46 Cr.
• Funding Programme: IPDS

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Pilot Projects in India
3. CESC, Mysore

Area of Implementation • V V Mohalla (Additional City Area Division)

• Project involves 21,824 consumers with a good mix of residential, commercial, industrial and
agricultural consumers including 512 irrigation pump sets covering over 14 feeders and 473

Project Summary distribution transformers and accounting for input energy of 151.89 MU. Additional functionality like
Agriculture DSM with community portal, consumer portal to support DSM/DR, employee portal for
knowledge sharing and benefit realization, KPI based MIS and data analytics for decision support

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Functionalities Adopted • Peak Load Management, Outage Management

• Distributed Generation, Micro Grid

• Reduced Distribution Losses

Benefits Envisaged • Reduced Peak load consumption

• Reduced cost of billing

• Project Type: Smart Grid Pilot in Power Distribution Sector

Key Facts • Evaluated Project Cost: Rs.32.56 Cr.

• MoP Share: Rs.16.28 Cr.. Funding Programme: IPDS

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Pilot Projects in India
4. PED, Puducherry

Area of Implementation •Division No. 1

• The project proposes covering 34,000 no. of consumers with dominant being domestic consumers. The
proposed project area is also covered under RAPDRP Scheme for IT implementation and system

Project Summary strengthening. Common Meter Data Management System is proposed to be developed that shall take
data from MDMS of Different meter manufacturer/solution provider and integrate the information for
use with Time of Use and Net Metering tariffs.

Functionalities Adopted • Advanced Metering Infrastructure

• Reduction in Distribution Losses

Benefits Envisaged • Reducing cost of billing

• Increasing revenue collection efficiency

• Project Type: Smart Grid Pilot in Power Distribution Sector

• Total Cost of Project: Rs.43.91 Cr.
Key Facts • Evaluated Project Cost: Rs.35.53 Cr.
• MoP Share: Rs.17.76 Cr., Funding Programme: IPDS

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Pilot Projects in India
5. HPSEB, Himachal Pradesh

Area of Implementation • Kala Amb Industrial Area

• The project area covers a base of 1,251 consumers dominated by HT consumers with a peak demand
on 97MW. High end power quality meters are also being installed at HT consumers for capturing
Project Summary power quality data remotely for identifying decision on corrective actions in collaboration with
consumers.

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Functionalities Adopted • Peak Load Management, Outage Management

• Power Quality Measurement

• Shifting peak load

Benefits Envisaged • Reduction in penalties

• Reduction in outages

• Project Type: Smart Grid Pilot in Power Distribution Sector

Key Facts • Total Cost of Project:: Rs.24.99 Cr., Evaluated Project Cost: Rs.19.45 Cr.
• MoP Share: Rs.9.73 Cr., Funding Programme: IPDS

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Pilot Projects in India
6. PSPCL, Punjab

Area of Implementation • Tech-II Sub Division, SAS Nagar

• The proposed project area has 2,737 no. of consumers predominantly domestic consumers with an
Project Summary overall consumption of 112.8 MUs per annum. Unrestricted Peak demand is about 30MW.

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Functionalities Adopted • Peak Load Management

• Reduced AT&C Losses

Benefits Envisaged • Reduced Peak Load Consumption

• Reduced Cost of Billing

• Project Type: Smart Grid Pilot in Power Distribution Sector

Key Facts • Total Cost of Project: Rs.8.17 Cr., Evaluated Project Cost: Rs.7.16 Cr.
• MoP Share: Rs.3.58 Cr., Funding Programme: IPDS

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Pilot Projects in India
7. TSECL, Tripura

Area of Implementation • Electrical Division No. 1, Agartala

• The pilot project covers 45,290 no. of consumers. The proposed project area is covered under RAPDRP

Project Summary Scheme for IT implementation and system strengthening. Time of Use models and Net Metering tariff
mechanisms were also proposed for adoption.

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Functionalities Adopted • Peak Load Management

• Reduced AT&C Losses

Benefits Envisaged • Reduced Peak Load Consumption

• Project Type: Smart Grid Pilot in Power Distribution Sector

Key Facts • Total Cost of Project: Rs.80.08 Cr., Evaluated Project Cost: Rs.63.43 Cr.
• MoP Share: Rs.31.72 Cr., Funding Programme: IPDS

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Pilot Projects in India
8. TSSPDCL, Telangana

Area of Implementation • Jeedimetla Industrial Area

• The proposed project area covers a number of 11,904 consumers for Smart Meters installations. The
Project Summary project area is covered under RAPDRP Scheme for DAS, IT and SCADA implementation.

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Functionalities Adopted • Peak Load Management, Outage Management

• Power Quality Measurement

• Reduced AT&C loss

Benefits Envisaged • Reduced purchase of high cost power at peak hours

• Project Type: Smart Grid Pilot in Power Distribution Sector

Key Facts • Total Cost of Project: Rs.35.86 Cr., Evaluated Project Cost: Rs.34.93 Cr.
• MoP Share: Rs.17.47 Cr., Funding Programme: IPDS

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Pilot Projects in India
9. UHBVN, Haryana

Area of Implementation • Panipat City Sub Division

• The pilot project covers 11,000 consumers with 70 MU input energy consumption. The proposed
Project Summary project area is covered under RAPDRP Scheme for IT implementation and system strengthening.

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Functionalities Adopted • Peak Load Management

• Outage Management

• Reduced AT&C Losses

Benefits Envisaged • Reduced Peak Load Consumption

• Reduced Cost of Billing

• Project Type: Smart Grid Pilot in Power Distribution Sector

Key Facts • Total Cost of Project: Under Grant from NEDO, Japan
• MoP Share: Nil

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Pilot Projects in India
10. UGVCL, Gujarat

Area of Implementation • Naroda of Sabarmati Circle

• The pilot project proposes covering 22,230 consumers in Naroda. Some additional functionalities like
Load forecasting and Asset Management are also proposed and functionalities of load forecasting,
Project Summary peak power management and outage management are also considered at utility level which will impact
all consumers of utility indirectly.

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Functionalities Adopted • Peak Load Management

• Outage Management

• Reduction in AT&C losses

• Savings in Peak Power Purchase cost by reduction of peak load
Benefits Envisaged • Reduction in Transformer failure rate, Reduction in number of outages
• Reduction in Meter Reading cost, Cost of payment collection etc

• Project Type: Smart Grid Pilot in Power Distribution Sector

Key Facts • Total Cost of Project: Rs.82.70 Cr., MoP Share: Rs.41.35 Cr.
• Funding Programme: IPDS

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Pilot Projects in India
11. WBSEDCL, West Bengal

Area of Implementation •Siliguri Town in Darjeeling District

• The proposed project area had 5,265 consumers with two no. of 11kV feeders and 46 DTs. The overall
Project Summary consumption of around 7.46 MUs per annum.

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Functionalities Adopted • Peak Load Management

• Reduced AT&C Losses

Benefits Envisaged • Reduced Peak Load Consumption

• Project Type: Smart Grid Pilot in Power Distribution Sector

Key Facts • Total Cost of Project: Rs.8.10 Cr., Evaluated Project Cost: Rs.7.03 Cr.
• MoP Share: Rs.3.52 Cr., Funding Programme: IPDS

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Pilot Projects in India
12. CSPDCL, Chandigarh

Area of Implementation • Sub Division No. 5

• Project covers about 30,000 consumers with a good mix of residential and commercial consumers. The
Project Summary area was not covered under RAPDRP scheme of GoI. SCADA is also considered for implementation

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure

• Substation Automation including SCADA
Functionalities Adopted • Integration of Rooftop Solar
• Distribution Transformer Monitoring
• Reduction in AT&C Losses
• Improvement of availability
Benefits Envisaged • Reduced peak load
• Improved billing and collection efficiency

• Project Type: Smart Grid Project under NSGM

Key Facts • Total Cost of the Project: Rs.28.58 Cr., NSGM Share: Rs.8.574 Cr.
• Funding Programme: Grant under NSGM

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Pilot Projects in India
13(a). MSEDCL, Maharashtra (Amravati)

Area of Implementation • Amravati Town

• Project involves about 1,48,000 consumers with a good mix of domestic, commercial, and industrial

Project Summary sections covering the entire city with a peak demand of 105 MW and losses of 23.3% on average. The
town is covered under RAPDRP scheme of GoI.

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Functionalities Adopted • Outage Management

• Demand Response

• Reduction in AT&C Losses

Benefits Envisaged • Reduced peak load consumption

• Reduced cost of billing and increase in collection efficiency

• Project Type: Smart Grid Project under NSGM

Key Facts • Total Cost of the Project: Rs.90.05 Cr., NSGM Share: Rs.27.02 Cr.
• Funding Programme: Grant under NSGM

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Smart Grid – Pilot Projects in India
13(b). MSEDCL, Maharashtra (Congress Nagar)

Area of Implementation • Congress Nagar Division of Nagpur

• Project covers about 1,25,000 consumers with good mix of residential, commercial and industrial

Project Summary consumers. Congress Nagar division is under MSEDCL while other divisions are with private franchisees.
The area is covered under RAPDRP scheme of GoI.

• Advanced Metering Infrastructure

• Outage Management System
Functionalities Adopted • Demand Response
• SCADA

• Reduction in AT&C Losses

Benefits Envisaged • Reduced peak load consumption

• Reduced cost of billing and increase in collection efficiency

• Project Type: Smart Grid Project under NSGM

Key Facts • Total Cost of the Project: Rs.139.15 Cr., NSGM Share: Rs.41.75 Cr.
• Funding Programme: Grant under NSGM

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
Pilot Project Functionalities and Deliverables
Associated
Smart Grid Function Process Strategy
People
Consumers shift their load as per incentiv
Advanced Metering Infrastructure End consumers; es given as part of Time of Use (ToU) or ToU/CPP tariff policy; Rate recovery for AMI
(AMI) and Demand Response Utility personnel Critical Peak Price (CPP) tariff for peak investment
load management

Utility manages the load thru HAN with

End consumers; Remote connect/ disconnect; ToU/CPP tariff
AMI and Demand-side management a prior agreement with end consumer for
Utility personnel policy; Rate recovery for AMI investment
PLM or frequency-based smart devices

Outage management via Signal Utility dashboards to monitor load

Employee incentives based on outage-based
Transmission Messaging Unit and Utility personnel profiles and proactive actions to reduce
Key Performance Indicators (KPIs)
AMI outages and response time
Wide Area Monitoring Systems, software
Utility renewable energy integration
Utility personnel applications and Demand Response for Time of use/Critical peak pricing tariff policy
via forecasting applications and AM
grid security

Consumers participate in generation

Distributed renewable energy Prosumers; Feed-in tariff and remote disconnection for
through roof top solar power or small
integration via AMI Distribution Utility grid security
windmills

Employee incentives based on utility Key

Power quality management via
Utility Dashboards for power quality performance index dashboards; Penal tariff
Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs)
for injecting harmonics

Dr. Hari Kumar R, Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Trivandrum
[email protected]
Mobile: 9446707870