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Riemann Hypothesis

The Riemann hypothesis is an unproven conjecture in mathematics that the Riemann zeta function only has zeros at negative even integers and complex numbers with real part of 1/2. If proven true, it would provide insights into the distribution of prime numbers. The hypothesis was proposed by Bernhard Riemann in 1859 and remains unsolved despite being one of the most important problems in pure mathematics. It is also one of the Clay Mathematics Institute's Millennium Prize Problems. The Riemann zeta function takes complex numbers as arguments and outputs complex values, with known zeros at negative even integers. The Riemann hypothesis specifically concerns the locations of additional "nontrivial zeros" and states their real part

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102 views1 page

Riemann Hypothesis

The Riemann hypothesis is an unproven conjecture in mathematics that the Riemann zeta function only has zeros at negative even integers and complex numbers with real part of 1/2. If proven true, it would provide insights into the distribution of prime numbers. The hypothesis was proposed by Bernhard Riemann in 1859 and remains unsolved despite being one of the most important problems in pure mathematics. It is also one of the Clay Mathematics Institute's Millennium Prize Problems. The Riemann zeta function takes complex numbers as arguments and outputs complex values, with known zeros at negative even integers. The Riemann hypothesis specifically concerns the locations of additional "nontrivial zeros" and states their real part

Uploaded by

Jose Magcalas
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Riemann hypothesis

In mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has
its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part 1/ 2 . Many
consider it to be the most important unsolved problem in pure mathematics (Bombieri 2000). It is
of great interest in number theory because it implies results about the distribution of prime
numbers. It was proposed by Bernhard Riemann (1859), after whom it is named.
The Riemann hypothesis and some of its generalizations, along with Goldbach's conjecture and
the twin prime conjecture, comprise Hilbert's eighth problem in David Hilbert's list of 23 unsolved
problems; it is also one of the Clay Mathematics Institute's Millennium Prize Problems. The name
is also used for some closely related analogues, such as the Riemann hypothesis for curves over
finite fields.
The Riemann zeta function ζ(s) is a function whose argument s may be any complex
number other than 1, and whose values are also complex. It has zeros at the negative even
integers; that is, ζ(s) = 0 when s is one of −2, −4, −6, .... These are called its trivial zeros.
However, the negative even integers are not the only values for which the zeta function is zero.
The other ones are called nontrivial zeros. The Riemann hypothesis is concerned with the
locations of these nontrivial zeros, and states that:
The real part of every nontrivial zero of the Riemann zeta function is 1/ 2 .
Thus, if the hypothesis is correct, all the nontrivial zeros lie on the critical line consisting of the
complex numbers 1/ 2 + i t, where t is a real number and i is the imaginary unit.
There are several nontechnical books on the Riemann hypothesis, such as Derbyshire
(2003), Rockmore (2005), (Sabbagh 2003a, 2003b), du Sautoy (2003), and Watkins (2015). The
books Edwards (1974), Patterson (1988), Borwein et al. (2008), Mazur & Stein
(2015) and Broughan (2017) give mathematical introductions, while Titchmarsh (1986), Ivić
(1985) and Karatsuba & Voronin (1992) are advanced monographs.

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