Theory of sound and wave

Mithun Kumar Das

12-Aug-19
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Sound and Wave, Prepared By --Mithun Kumar Das ,,

Zi½ I kã
Theory of sound and wave
ivwk ¸‡jvi ms½v

 Zi½ : †Kv‡bv w¯’wZ¯’vcK gva¨‡gi KYv ¸‡jvi ¯_vbvšÍi Qvov †h ch©ve„Ë

Av‡›`vj‡bi Øviv GK ¯_vb †_‡K Ab¨ ¯’v‡b kw³ mÂvwjZ nq Zv‡K Zi½ e‡j|
 Zi½ `yB cªKvi, (gva¨‡gi Dci wfwË K‡i ) h_v : (1) hvwš¿K Zi½ (2) Ahvwš¿K
Zi½/ ZvwiZ‡PŠ¤^K Zi½|
 hvwš¿K Zi½ : †hme Zi½ mÂvj‡bi Rb¨ w¯’wZ¯’vcK gva¨‡gi cÖ‡qvRb nq
†m¸‡jv‡K hvwš¿K Zi½ e‡j | †hgb kã Zi½ |
 Ahvwš¿K Zi½/ ZvwiZ‡PŠ¤^K Zi½: †hme Zi½ mÂvj‡bi Rb¨ w¯’wZ¯’vcK gva¨‡gi
cÖ‡qvRb nq bv †m¸‡jv‡K hvwš¿K Zi½ e‡j | †hgb Av‡jvK Zi½ |
 mij †`vj Zi½ : gva¨‡gi Kbv ¸‡jv mij †`vj MwZ‡Z MwZkxj n‡j †h Zi½
m„wó nq Zv‡K mij †`vj Zi½/ mvBb Zi½ e‡j|
 Zi½ `yB cªKvi, (¯ú›`‡bi Dci wfwË K‡i ) h_v : (1) AbycÖ¯_ Zi½
(2) Abyˆ`N©¨ Zi½ |
 AbycÖ¯_ Zi½ : †h Zi½ gva¨‡gi Kbv¸‡jvi K¤ú‡bi w`‡Ki mv‡_ mg‡Kv‡b
AMÖmi nq Zv†K AbycÖ¯_ Zi½ /Avo Zi½ e‡j|
 Abyˆ`N©¨ Zi½ : †h Zi½ gva¨‡gi Kbv¸‡jvi K¤ú‡bi w`‡Ki mv‡_ mgvšÍiv‡j
AMÖmi nq Zv†K Abyˆ`N©¨ Zi½/jvw¤^K Zi½/ `xNj Zi½ e‡j|
 Zi‡½i ‰ewkô¨ :
 wewfbœ KYvi mw¤§wjZ wµqvi d‡j Zi½ m„wó nq|
 Kbv¸‡jvi ¯_vqx ¯’vbvšÍi N‡U bv|
 Zi½ GK¯_vb †_‡K Ab¯’v‡b kw³ mÂvwjZ K‡i|
 Zi‡½i †eM gva¨‡gi cªK…wZi Dci wbf©i K‡i|
 Zi½ cÖwZdjb,cÖwZmib,DcwicvZb, AceZ©b NUvq|

Gmail>> [email protected] Phone no.>> 01707588317 .

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Sound and Wave, Prepared By --Mithun Kumar Das ,,

Zi½kxl©
we¯Ívi

Zi½cv`

AbycÖ¯’ Zi½ wKfv‡e gva¨‡gi mv‡_ mg‡Kv‡b hvq Zv ‡`Lv‡bv n‡jvt

Gmail>> [email protected] Phone no.>> 01707588317 .

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Sound and Wave, Prepared By --Mithun Kumar Das ,,

Zi½ mswkøó ivwk¸‡jvi ms½vt

 c~Y© ¯ú›`b t Zi‡½i Dci¯Í †Kvb Kbv GKwU wb`„ó we›`y †_‡K hvÎv ïiæ K‡i
Avevi GKB w`K †_‡K D³ we›`y‡Z wd‡i G‡j Zv‡K GKwU c~Y© ¯ú›`b ejv nq|
B E

A C D F G

A ‡_‡K D Ges C †_‡K F ch©šÍ c~Y© ¯ú›`b ejv nq|

 ch©vqKvj : †h mgq cici Zi‡½i †Kvb Kbvi GKwU c~Y© ¯ú›`b m¤úbœ nq
Zv‡K ch©vqKvj e‡j | G‡K T Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq |
t mg‡q N wU c~b© K¤úb m¤úbœ Ki‡j ch©vqKvj n‡e T =

A B

Awe›`y †_‡K B we›`y‡Z Avm‡Z 1 †m‡KÛ mgh jvM‡j ch©vqKvj n‡e 1†m‡KÛ |

 Zi½‰`N¨©t †Kv‡bv K¤úbkxj Kbvi GKwU c~Y© K¤cb m¤úbœ Ki‡Z †h mgq jv‡M ‡mB
mg‡q Zi½ †hUyKz `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i Zv‡K Zi½‰`N¨© e‡j|G‡K λ Øviv cÖKvk Kiv
nq|

λ
1s

Gmail>> [email protected] Phone no.>> 01707588317 .

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Sound and Wave, Prepared By --Mithun Kumar Das ,,

 Zi½‡eMt †Kv‡bv Zi½ GKwU gva¨‡g 1 †m‡KÛ mg‡q †h `~iZ¡ AwZµg K‡i Zv‡K
Zi½‡eM e‡j|G‡K v Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
 K¤úv¼ / K¤úb mssL¨v t ‡Kv‡bv K¤úbkxj Kbv GK †m‡K‡Û hZwU c~Y© K¤cb m¤úbœ
K‡i Zv‡K Zvi K¤úv¼ / K¤úb mssL¨v e‡j|
 we¯Ívit ‡Kv‡bv GKwU K¤úgvb Kbv Zvi mvg¨ve¯’vb †_‡K Wv‡b ev‡g ev &Dc‡i wb‡P †h
me©vwaK `~iZ¦ AwZµg K‡i Zv‡K we¯Ívi e‡j|
G‡K a Øviv cÖKvk Kiv nq|
 `kvt Zi½w¯’Z †Kvb Kbvi †Kv‡bv gyn~‡Z©i Ae¯’vb MwZi Ae¯’v I w`K hvi Øviv cÖKvk
Kiv nq Zv‡K `kv e‡j|
 Zi‡½i ZxeªZv t †Kv‡bv Zi‡½i mg‡Kv‡b &GKK ‡ÿÎd‡ji ga¨ w`‡q GK †m‡K‡Û †h
cwigvb kw³ cÖevwnZ nq Zv‡K Zi‡½i ZxeªZv e‡j|
 cÖwZaŸwb t‡Kv‡bv cÖwZdwjZ kã g~j kã †_‡K Avjv`v n‡q g~j k‡ãi cybive„wË Ki‡j
Zv‡K cÖwZaŸwb e‡j|

Zi½ mswkøó ivwk¸‡jvi GKK

1. ch©vqKvj Gi GKK †m‡KÛ| (T)
2. K¤úv¼ Gi GKK nvR©|(Hz)
3. we¯Ív‡ii GKK wgUvi |(m)
4. Zi½‰`N¨© Gi GKK wgUvi |(m)
5. Zi½‡e‡Mi GKK wgUvi cvi †m‡KÛ|(ms-1)

Zi‡½i Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq m~Îvejx





v1 f 1 1
  [K¤úv¼ Avjv`v n‡j]
v 2 f 2 2
v1  1
  [K¤úv¼ GKB n‡j]
v2  2

Gmail>> [email protected] Phone no.>> 01707588317 .

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Sound and Wave, Prepared By --Mithun Kumar Das ,,


 [ cÖwZaŸwb ‡kvbvi ‡ÿ‡Î ] Drm †_‡K cÖwZdj‡Ki `~iZ¡

= Zi‡½i ZxeªZv gva¨‡gi NbZ¡ „ =we¯Ívi = K¤úv¼ = †eM
 evi K¤ú‡b Zi½ KZ…K AwZKªvšÍ `~iZ¡
 ‡mjwmqvm ZvcgvÎv e„wׇZ evqy‡Z k‡ãi †eM


 mij‡`vj‡Ki †`vjbKvj

GB Aa¨v‡qi Rb¨ hv g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e

 kÖve¨Zvi mxgv 20 nvR© †_‡K 20000 nvR©|

 20 nvR© Gi Kg K¤úv¼ wewkó kã‡K k‡ãZi K¤úv¼ e‡j|
 20000 nvR© Gi ‡ekx K¤úv¼ wewkó kã‡K k‡ãvËi K¤úv¼ e‡j|
 mgy‡`ªi MfxiZv wbb©‡qi h‡š¿i bvg SONAR |GB h‡š¿i cy‡iv bvg Sound Navigation
And Ranging. GB h‡š¿ k‡ãvËi K¤úv¼ wewkó kã e¨envi Kiv nq|
 ULTRASONOGAPHY ‡Z k‡ãvËi K¤úv¼ wewkó kã e¨envi Kiv nq|
 myit GKwU gvÎ K¤úv¼ wewkó kã‡K myi e‡j|
 ¯^i t GKvwaK K¤úv¼ wewkó kã‡K ¯^i e‡j |
 g~jmyi t ¯^‡i we`¨gvb b~b¨Zg K¤úv‡¼i myi †K g~jmyi e‡j|
 Dcmyit g~jmyi Qvov evKx¸‡jv Dcmyi |
 ZxÿœZvt myihy³ k‡ãi †h ˆewkó¨i Kvi‡b GKB cÖvej¨i Lv‡`i myi &I Pov my‡ii cv_©K¨
†evSv hvq Zv‡K ZxÿœZv ev cxP e‡j|
 ¸b ev RvwZ t myihy³ k‡ãi ˆewkó¨i Kvi‡b wewfbœ &Drm †_‡K Drcbœ GKB cÖvej¨ I
ZxÿœZvhy³ k‡ãi ga¨ cv_©K¨ †evSv hvq Zv‡K ¸b ev RvwZ e‡j |
 k‡ãi †eM cwieZ©‡bi Kvib - gva¨‡gi cÖK…wZ I evqyi Av`ªZv |
 GKB ZvcgvÎvq evqy A‡cÿv Zi‡j I Zij A‡cÿv KwV‡b k‡ãi †eM †ekx |
 cÖwZaŸwb ‡kvbvi ‡ÿ‡Î Drm †_‡K cÖwZdj‡Ki b~b¨Zg `~iZ¡ 16.5 wgUvi |

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Sound and Wave, Prepared By --Mithun Kumar Das ,,

GB Aa¨v‡qi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq MvwbwZK cÖkœmg~n

1. evqyi ZvcgvÎv 300 ‡mjt

A 18 m B dm C

A Ae¯’v‡b cÖwZaŸwb ‡kvbvi mgq 0.5 †m‡KÛ

K) A Ae¯’vb †_‡K cÖwZdjK c„‡ôi `~iZ¡ wbb©q Ki?

L) B Ae¯’v‡b kã Drcbœ Kiv n‡j B Ae¯’v‡b cÖwZaŸwb ‡kvbv hv‡e wK bv MvwbwZK fv‡e
hvPvB K‡iv? hw` cÖwZaŸwb ‡kvbv hvq Z‡e KZ mgq ci Zv †kvbv hv‡e?

2. A B
1200 wgUvi cvwbc~b© †jvnvi cvBc|cvwb‡Z k‡ãi †eM 1450 ms-1 |‡jvnv‡Z k‡ãi
†eM cvwbi 3.6 ¸b|cvBcwUi A cÖv‡šÍ 1wU kã Ki‡j B cÖv‡šÍ 2 wU kã †kvbv hvq|
K) B cÖv‡šÍ m„ó kã `ywUi mg‡qi e¨veavb KZ? Ans:0.5977 sec
L) cvBcwUi ˆ`N¨© GK Z…Zxqvsk Ki‡j Ges Bnv‡Z cvwb bv †_‡K 100 ‡mjwmqv‡mi evqy
_vK‡j B cÖv‡šÍ 2 wU kã c„_Kfv‡e †kvbv hv‡e wKbv e¨vLv Ki| Ans:0.5977 sec

3. `yBwU mgvšÍivj cvnv‡oi gv‡S `vwo‡q GK e¨vw³ e›`yK †_‡K ¸wj Qzoj | wZwb 1.5
sec ci 1g cÖwZaŸwb I 2 sec ci 2q cÖwZaŸwb ïb‡jb| Hw`b evqyi ZvcgvÎv 200
‡mjwmqvm|
K. cvnvo `yBwUi ga¨eZ©x `~iZ¡ KZ? Ans:612.5 m
L. H e¨vw³ 3q I 4_© cÖwZaŸwb c„_Kfv‡e ïb‡Z cv‡e wK bv MvwbwZK fv‡e e¨vLv K‡iv|
Ans: c„_Kfv‡e ïb‡Z cv‡e bv

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