Johnson and Johnson's Thoughts On Cooperative Learning
Johnson and Johnson's Thoughts On Cooperative Learning
Johnson and Johnson's Thoughts On Cooperative Learning
Johnsons and Johnsons have great and matchless contribution in the field of cooperative learning.
Cooperative learning is doubtlessly a great way of learning. It is a great field of research and study as
well. Cooperative learning encourages students to work in groups and teams. The core aim of this group
or team is to achieve a specific task. Groups are created at beginning of the semester, for some specific
semester activity, or for any other collaborative purpose. In this new method of learning, students learn
much more than what they can learn in the typical mode of learning.
According to Johnson and Johnson, there are five elements of cooperative learning. Though there are
more than five, but the most basic elements or pillars of cooperative learning are: individual
accountability, positive interdependence, face-to-face promotive interaction, Group processing, and
Interpersonal and Small group skills. Positive interdependence refers to the 'feel' of each other. Students
feel that they cannot work without the absence or one or more group members. The instructor can set
the mutual goals in order to make the group move in a specific direction. Individual accountability refers
to specific and group assessment that results in the skills and outcomes of each student and a whole
group. Similarly, face-to-face promotive interaction encourages the students of a group by sharing and
helping each other on specific topics. There can be one or more students of a group who don't have a
good idea about some specific topic. But there can be a third student who is master of that topic.
Interpersonal and small group skills refer to the social skills that each and every student of the group
should have. It is necessary in order to have true and long term success of the group. Group processing
refers to the assessment and remarking of the capabilities and actions of each group. For example,
instructor can take three or four students from a group and can make an outline of what had made the
group successful. Furthermore, the instructor can tell what points and factors can make the group even
more successful in future.
Besides discussing these five basic elements of cooperative learning, Johnson and Johnsons have
contributed a lot to the fruitful field of cooperative learning. There is no doubt that it is a great field of
research and theory that involved researchers and scientists from every corner of the world. Johnson
and Johnsons have also contributed a lot in defining the cooperative learning terminology. For example,
'critical thinking item' refers to those items which require synthesis and analysis in addition with the
evaluation of conceptual framework of each and every student in the group. Similarly, drill and practical
problem refers to those problems which are related to factual knowledge.
Johnson and Johnsons consider cooperative learning not only a great method of teaching and learning
but also a great subject of research and analysis. It is not only an interesting subject but it is also very
fruitful in judging student and making them more capable of performing tasks.