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    Antibodi - Dian

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    Risni Dzulfi Haafizoh
    Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped glycoproteins produced by plasma cells that circulate in the bloodstream and function to defend the body against antigens and foreign substances. They are synthesized and secreted by plasma cells derived from activated B cells. Antibodies bind to specific antigens with high affinity and specificity. There are five major classes of antibodies - IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD - that have different biological functions such as neutralizing toxins, activating complement pathways, and facilitating phagocytosis.

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    Antibodi - Dian

    Uploaded by

    Risni Dzulfi Haafizoh
    13 views15 pages
    Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped glycoproteins produced by plasma cells that circulate in the bloodstream and function to defend the body against antigens and foreign substances. They are synthesized and secreted by plasma cells derived from activated B cells. Antibodies bind to specific antigens with high affinity and specificity. There are five major classes of antibodies - IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD - that have different biological functions such as neutralizing toxins, activating complement pathways, and facilitating phagocytosis.

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    3. Antibodi_dian

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    Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped glycoproteins produced by plasma cells that circulate in the bloodstream and function to defend the body against antigens and foreign substances. They are synthesized and secreted by plasma cells derived from activated B cells. Antibodies bind to specific antigens with high affinity and specificity. There are five major classes of antibodies - IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD - that have different biological functions such as neutralizing toxins, activating complement pathways, and facilitating phagocytosis.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views15 pages

    Antibodi - Dian

    Uploaded by

    Risni Dzulfi Haafizoh
    Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are Y-shaped glycoproteins produced by plasma cells that circulate in the bloodstream and function to defend the body against antigens and foreign substances. They are synthesized and secreted by plasma cells derived from activated B cells. Antibodies bind to specific antigens with high affinity and specificity. There are five major classes of antibodies - IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE, and IgD - that have different biological functions such as neutralizing toxins, activating complement pathways, and facilitating phagocytosis.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 15

    Antibodi

    Antibody
     Immunoglobulins are glycoprotein ,
    that function as antibodies.
     They are found in the blood and
    tissue fluids, as well as many
    secretions.
     In structure, they are globulin
     Valence of an antibody: Number of antigen
    binding sites. Most are bivalent

    1
     They are synthesized and secreted
    by plasma cells that are derived from
    the B cells of the immune system. B
    cells are activated upon binding to
    their specific antigen and
    differentiate into plasma cells.
     Interaction of the B cell with a T
    helper cell is also necessary.

    antibodi
     Ciri yang penting : spesifitas dan
    aktivitas biologik
     Dibentuk oleh sel plasma
     berasal dari proliferasi sel B akibat
    kontak dengan antigen.
     Antibodi yang terbentuk secara
    spesifik akan mengikat antigen baru
    lainnya yang sejenis

    2
    Antibody Structure
     Antibodies Are Made Up Of:
    ◦ 2 Light Chains (identical) ~25 KDa
    ◦ 2 Heavy Chains (identical) ~50 KDa
     Each Light Chain Bound To Heavy Chain By Disulfide
    (H-L)
     Heavy Chain Bound to Heavy Chain (H-H)
     First 100 a/a Of Amino Terminal Vary of Both H and L
    Chain Are Variable
     Referred To As VL , VH, CH And CL
     CDR (Complementarity Determining Regions) Are
    What Bind Ag
     Remaining Regions Are Very Similar Within Same
    Class

    3
    7

    Enzymatic Digestion Of Antibodies


     Digestion With Papain Yields
    ◦ 3 Fragments
    ◦ 2 identical Fab and 1 Fc
    ◦ Fab Because Fragment That is Antigen Binding
    ◦ Fc Because Found To Crystallize In Cold Storage
     Pepsin Digestion
    ◦ F(ab`)2
    ◦ No Fc Recovery, Digested Entirely
     Mercaptoethanol Reduction (Eliminates Disulfide Bonds)
    And Alkylation Showed

    4
    Binds Ab still

    Binds
    complement,
    ppt’s in the
    cold, only
    constant
    region

    10

    5
    B-Cell Receptor
     BCR Is An Antibody On Surface Of Cell
    mIg
     Very Short Cytoplasmic Tail, Cannot
    Transduce Signal
     Heterodimeric Molecule Ig-/Ig-
    Transduces (long cytoplasmic tail)

    6
    Fc Receptors (FcR)

    Fc Receptors (FcR) Functions

     To Transport Abs Across Membranes


    ◦ Secretion of IgA Across Epithelium into lumen
    ◦ Transport of maternal Abs Across Placenta (IgG)
     Many Cell Types Use FcR
    ◦ Ex. Mast Cells, Macrophages, Neutrophils, B, T, NK
     Opsonization, ADCC
     Poly IgR
    ◦ Transport of IgA across epithelium
     FcRN
    ◦ Transport of maternal IgG to fetus

    7
    What do Antibodies do?
     Bind antigen- neutralize toxins, virus
    particles
     Opsonization
     Complement activation- IgG,M
     ADCC
     Transcytosis- movement across epithelial
    cells

    opsonisasi
     Enhancement of phagocytosis

    16

    8
    17

    Antibody Classes And Biological Activities

     IgG
    ◦ Most abundant immunoglobin 80% of serum Ig
    ◦ ~10mg/mL
    ◦ IgG1,2,3,4 (decreasing serum concentration)
    ◦ IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 cross placenta
    ◦ IgG3 Most effective complement activator
    ◦ IgG1 and IgG3 High affinity for FcR on
    phagocytic cells, good for opsonization

    9
    Antibody Classes And Biological Activities

     IgM
    ◦ 5-10% of serum immunoglobulin
    ◦ 1.5mg/mL
    ◦ mIgM (also IgD) expressed on B-cells as BCR
    ◦ Pentameric version is secreted
    ◦ First Ig of primary immune response
    ◦ High valence Ig (10 theoretical), 5 empirical
    ◦ More efficient than IgG in complement activation

    Antibody Classes And Biological Activities

     IgA
    ◦ 10-15% of serum IgG
    ◦ Predominant Ig in secretions
     Milk, saliva, tears, mucus
    ◦ 5-15 g of IgA released in secretions!!!!
    ◦ Serum mainly monomeric, polymers possible
    not common though
    ◦ Secretions, as dimer or tetramer+J-chain
    polyptetide+secretory component (Poly IgR)

    10
    IgA Antibody Transport Across Cell
    (Transcytosis)

    Antibody Classes And Biological Activities

     IgE
    ◦ Very low serum concentration, 0.3g/mL
    ◦ Participate in immediate hypersensitivities
    reations. Ex. Asthma, anaphylaxis, hives
     Binds Mast Cells and Blood Basophils thru
    FcR
     Binding causes degranulation (Histamine
    Release)

    11
    Antibody Classes And Biological Activities

     IgD
    ◦ Expressed on B-cell Surface
     IgM and IgD, Expressed on B-cell Surface
     We Do Not Know Any Other Biological
    Effector Activity
     Low serum concentrations, ~30g/mL

    Cross-Linkage of Bound IgE Antibody With


    Allergen Causes

    12
    Antibodies Act As Immunogens
     Antigenic Determinants on Abs Fall in 3
    Categories
    ◦ Isotypic
    ◦ Allotypic
    ◦ Idiotypic
     Isotypic
    ◦ Constant Region Of Ab
    ◦ If you inject Ab in a different species Anti-Isotype
    is generated
    ◦ If within same species, No Anti-isotype

    Antibodies Act As Immunogens


     Allotype
    ◦ Even though same isotypes within one species
    small differences (1-4 a/a) arise in different
    individuals (form of polymorphism)
    ◦ If injected with such Ab you generate anti-
    allotype Ab
     Ex. During pregnancy
     Blood transfusion

    13
    Antibodies Act As Immunogens
     Idiotype
    ◦ Unique VH AND VL binds antigen but can also behave as
    antigenic determinant
     If you inject a monoclonal antibody into a
    genetically identical recipient then anti-idiotypic
    antibodies are generated
     No anti-isotypic and no anti-allotypic Abs will be
    generated

    14
    SEKIAN

    29

    15

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