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Tutorial 8

1. Hooke's law states that the restoring force on an object is proportional to its displacement from equilibrium. Amplitude is the maximum displacement of a vibrating wave. Frequency is the number of cycles per second, while angular frequency is the number of radians per second. 2. When an object is undergoing simple harmonic motion, its velocity is zero when its acceleration is at a maximum. Increasing the frequency of a spring-object system requires decreasing the mass of the object attached to the spring. 3. The problems provide examples of calculating spring constants, oscillation frequencies and periods, and the displacement, velocity and acceleration of objects undergoing simple harmonic motion on springs.

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435 views5 pages

Tutorial 8

1. Hooke's law states that the restoring force on an object is proportional to its displacement from equilibrium. Amplitude is the maximum displacement of a vibrating wave. Frequency is the number of cycles per second, while angular frequency is the number of radians per second. 2. When an object is undergoing simple harmonic motion, its velocity is zero when its acceleration is at a maximum. Increasing the frequency of a spring-object system requires decreasing the mass of the object attached to the spring. 3. The problems provide examples of calculating spring constants, oscillation frequencies and periods, and the displacement, velocity and acceleration of objects undergoing simple harmonic motion on springs.

Uploaded by

Aina Aqilah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TUTORIAL 8 (CHAPTER 13)

Definition
1. Define Hooke’s Law
The net force on an object along the direction of motion is proportional to the object’s
displacement and in the opposite direction, or
F s =− k x
2. Define amplitude
Amplitude is the maximum displacement ​moved by a point on a vibrating wave
measured from its equilibrium position.

3. Differentiate between frequency and angular frequency.


Frequency gives the number of cycle per second.
Angular frequency gives the number of radian per second.

Conceptual Questions

1. Which one of the following statements is true concerning an object executing simple
harmonic motion?
A) The object's velocity is never zero.
B) The object's acceleration is never zero.
C) The object's velocity and acceleration are simultaneously zero.
D) The object's velocity is zero when its acceleration is a maximum.
E) The object's maximum acceleration is equal to its maximum velocity.
Ans: D

2. Complete the following statement: In order to increase the frequency of the motion,
one would have to
A) reduce the spring constant.
B) decrease the mass of the block on the end of the spring.
C) increase the length of the spring.
D) reduce the distance that the spring is initially stretched.
E) increase the distance that the spring is initially stretched.
Ans: B

3. Which one of the following statements concerning waves is false?


A) A wave can have both transverse and longitudinal components.
B) A wave carries energy from one place to another.
C) A wave does not result in the bulk flow of the material of its medium.
D) A wave is a traveling disturbance.
E) A transverse wave is one in which the disturbance is parallel to the
direction of travel.
Ans: E

Problems

1. A spring oriented vertically is attached to a hard horizontal surface as in


Figure P13.2. The spring has a force constant of 1.46 kN/m. How much is the spring
compressed when an object of mass ​m ​= 2.30 kg is placed on top of the spring and
the system is at rest?

1 PHY094 SESSION I 2020/2021


REFERENCE : SERWAY VUILLE,COLLEGE PHYSICS,11​TH​ EDITION
Prepared by Noor Arda Adrina Daud, Nor Faridah Hanim Mat Junit,Hasnorhafiza Husni
2. A 0.250-kg block attached to a light spring oscillates on a frictionless, horizontal
table. The oscillation amplitude is A = 0.125m and the block moves at 3.00 m/s as it
passes through equilibrium at x = 0.

(a) Find the spring constant, k.

(b) Calculate the total energy of the block-spring system.

(c) ​Find the block’s speed when x = A / 2.

2 PHY094 SESSION I 2020/2021


REFERENCE : SERWAY VUILLE,COLLEGE PHYSICS,11​TH​ EDITION
Prepared by Noor Arda Adrina Daud, Nor Faridah Hanim Mat Junit,Hasnorhafiza Husni
3. A student stretches a spring, attaches a 1.00-kg mass to it, and releases the mass
from rest on a frictionless surface. The resulting oscillation has a period of 0.500s
and an amplitude of 25.0 cm. Determine

(a) the oscillation frequency.

(b) the spring constant.

(c) the speed of the mass when it is half-way to the equilibrium position.

4. A 2.00-kg object on a frictionless horizontal track is attached to the end of a


horizontal spring whose force constant is 5.00 N/m. The object is displaced 3.00 m to
the right from its equilibrium position and then released, initiating simple harmonic
motion.
(a) What is the force (magnitude and direction) acting on the object 3.50 s after it is
released?
Note​: Your calculator must be in radians mode for part (a) of this problem

The angular frequency of this oscillation is and the displacement at time is


the spring force will be or

or

3 PHY094 SESSION I 2020/2021


REFERENCE : SERWAY VUILLE,COLLEGE PHYSICS,11​TH​ EDITION
Prepared by Noor Arda Adrina Daud, Nor Faridah Hanim Mat Junit,Hasnorhafiza Husni
(b) How many times does the object oscillate in 3.50 s?
The time required for one complete oscillation is . Hence, the
number of oscillations made in 3.50 s is

5. The free-fall acceleration on Mars is 3.7 m/s​2​.


(a) What length of pendulum has a period of 1 s on Earth?
On Earth, with T = 1.0s,

(b) What length of pendulum would have a 1-s period on Mars? An object is
suspended from a spring with force constant 10 N/m. Find the mass suspended
from this spring that would result in a period of 1 s (c) on Earth and (d) on Mars.
If T = 1.0 s on Mars,

(c) and (d) The period of an object on a spring is which is independent of the local 
free-fall acceleration. Thus, the same mass will work on Earth and on Mars. This mass is 

6. The sinusoidal wave shown in Figure P13.41 is traveling in the positive ​x-​ direction
and has a frequency of 18.0 Hz. Find the

(a) amplitude,
The distance from the bottom of a trough to the top of a crest is twice the amplitude of
the wave. Thus, 2​A​ = 8.26 cm and ​A​ = 4.13 cm.

(b) wavelength,
The horizontal distance from a crest to a trough is a half wavelength. Hence,

(c) period, and


The period is

(d) speed of the wave.


The wave speed is

4 PHY094 SESSION I 2020/2021


REFERENCE : SERWAY VUILLE,COLLEGE PHYSICS,11​TH​ EDITION
Prepared by Noor Arda Adrina Daud, Nor Faridah Hanim Mat Junit,Hasnorhafiza Husni
7. A string is 50.0 cm long and has a mass of 3.00 g. A wave travels at 5.00 m/s along
this string. A second string has the same length, but half the mass of the first. If the
two strings are under the same tension, what is the speed of a wave along the
second string?
If is the mass per unit length for the first string, then is
that of the second string. Thus, with the speed of waves in the second
string is

8. Two babies placed in two different spring-swings which have same spring constant of
7.5 N/m. The weights of Baby A and Baby B are 29.62 N and 71.68 N respectively.

a) Calculate the oscillations period and frequency of both babies.


W
W 1 = m1 g, m1 = g1 = 29.62
9.8
N
= 3.03 kg

m1
√ √
3.03
T 1 = 2π k = 2π 7.5 = 4.0 s

1 1
f1 = T1 = 4.0 = 0.25 Hz

W2 71.68 N
W 2 = m2 g, m2 = g = 9.8 = 7.31 kg

m2
√ √
7.31
T 2 = 2π k = 2π 7.5 = 6.2 s

1 1
f2 = T2 = 6.2 = 0.16 Hz

b) If the swings start at 5.0 cm below equilibrium for both, what will be their position
at 6.4 s?
2π
x1 = 0.05 cos cos 4.0 6.4 = − 0.04 m

x2 = 0.05 cos cos 2π


6.2 6.4 = 0.05 m

5 PHY094 SESSION I 2020/2021


REFERENCE : SERWAY VUILLE,COLLEGE PHYSICS,11​TH​ EDITION
Prepared by Noor Arda Adrina Daud, Nor Faridah Hanim Mat Junit,Hasnorhafiza Husni

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