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Translation and Rotation

This document discusses translation and rotation of coordinate axes. Translation of axes involves shifting the origin to a new location (h, k) without changing the orientation of the axes. Rotation of axes involves keeping the same origin but rotating the axes by an angle θ. The key formulas for transforming between original (x, y) and new (x', y') coordinates are given for both transformations. Examples of applying these transformations to simplify equations are provided.

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1K views16 pages

Translation and Rotation

This document discusses translation and rotation of coordinate axes. Translation of axes involves shifting the origin to a new location (h, k) without changing the orientation of the axes. Rotation of axes involves keeping the same origin but rotating the axes by an angle θ. The key formulas for transforming between original (x, y) and new (x', y') coordinates are given for both transformations. Examples of applying these transformations to simplify equations are provided.

Uploaded by

gbonete
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MATH013

TRANSFORMATION OF COORDINATES
TRANSLATION OF AXES

 Definition:
 Suppose we have a curve in the coordinate plane and
that we have the equation of the curve.
 Consider the problem of writing the equation of a curve
with respect to another axes.
 The process of changing from one pair of axes to
another is called transformation of coordinates.
 A transformation in which the new axes are parallel to
the original axes and similarly directed is called
translation of axes.
TRANSLATION OF AXES
 Under translation of axes, the new axes are represented by
x’-axis and y’-axis.
 The coordinates of the new origin O’ are denoted by (h, k).
 If x and y stands for the coordinates of any point P when
referred to the original axes, and x’ and y’ the coordinates of
P with respect to the new axes, then
x = x’ + h y = y’ + k
or
x’ = x - h y’ = y - k
 We note that transformation of axes is related to performing
two geometric transformations: a horizontal shift and a
vertical shift.
TRANSLATION OF AXES
 Example:
 Find the new coordinates of the point P(4, -2) if the
origin is moved to (-2, 3).
 Find the new coordinates of the point P(5, 4) if the
origin is moved to (1, 2).
 Find the new equation of the circle
x 2  y 2  6 x  10 y  9  0
after a translation that moves the origin to (-3, 5).
 Translate the axes so that no first-degree terms will
appear in the transformed equation of the circle
x2  y2  6 x  4 y  3  0
TRANSLATION OF AXES
 Exercise:
 Find the new coordinates of the point P(7, 4) if the origin
is moved to (2, 3).
 Find the new equation of the circle
x2  y2  4 x  4 y  2  0
after a translation that moves the origin to the point (1, 3).
 Translate the axes so that no first-degree terms will
appear in the transformed equation of the circle
x2  y2  4 x  2 y  5  0
TRANSLATION OF AXES
 Example:
 By translation of axes, simplify the equation
x 2  6 x  6 y  15  0

 By translation of axes, simplify the equation

9 x 2  y 2  36 x  8 y  43  0
 By translation of axes, simplify the equation
16 x 2  4 y 2  160 x  24 y  300  0

 Translate the axes to rid the given equation of first


degree terms.
2 xy  3 x  4 y  12
TRANSLATION OF AXES
 Exercise:
 By translation of axes, simplify the equation

x 2  6 x  8 y  25  0
 By translation of axes, simplify the equation

x 2  4 y 2  6 x  16 y  21  0

 Translate the axes to rid the given equation of first


degree terms.
xy  2 x  4 y  4  0
ROTATION OF AXES

 A transformation of coordinates where the new


axes have the same origin but different directions
from the original axes is called rotation of axes.
 It is called rotation of axes since the new axes may
be obtained by rotating the original axes through an
angle about the origin.
ROTATION OF AXES

 Under rotation of axes, the new axes are


represented by x’-axis and y’-axis.
 The coordinates of the new origin O’ is still (0, 0).
 If x and y stands for the coordinates of any point P
when referred to the original axes, and x’ and y’
the coordinates of P with respect to the new axes,
then
x  x' cos   y' sin 
and
y  x' sin   y' cos 
ROTATION OF AXES
 In figure:

x  OM  ON  MN  ON  RS  x' cos   y' sin 


y  MP  MR  RP  NS  RP  x' sin   y' cos 
ROTATION OF AXES

 Example:
 Find the acute angle of rotation such that the
transformed equation of
2
2x  2
3 xy  y  8
will have no x’y’ term.
 Find the acute angle of rotation such that the
transformed equation of
ROTATION OF AXES

 Theorem:
 A second degree equation
Ax 2  Bxy  Cy 2  Dx  Ey  F  0

 In which B = 0, can be transformed by a translation of


axes into one of the forms

A' x' 2  C' y' 2  F'  0


A' x' 2  E' y'  0
C' y' 2  D' x'  0
ROTATION OF AXES

 Theorem:
 Given a second degree equation

Ax 2  Bxy  Cy 2  Dx  Ey  F  0

 If B ≠ 0, one of these forms can be obtained by a rotation


of axes and a translation (if necessary). The angle of
rotation θ is obtained from the equation

B
tan 2  if AC
AC
or
  45 if AC
ROTATION OF AXES

 Example:
 Simplify the equation

73 x 2  72 xy  52 y 2  100 x  200 y  100  0


using rotation of axes and translation of axes.
 Sketch the graph of the equation.
ROTATION OF AXES
 Exercise:
 Find the new equation when the axes are rotated
through the given angle. Sketch the graph of the new
equation, showing both sets of axes.
2 2
 1. x  xy  y 1   45
2 2 1
 2. x  4 xy  4 y  8 5 x  0   arctan
2

 Find the angle of rotation such that the transformed


equation will have no x’y’ term.
 1. 3xy + y – 2 = 0
 2. x2 – 3xy + 4y2 + 7 = 0
ROTATION OF AXES

 Exercise:
 Reduce each equation to one of the simplified forms.
Draw the graph of the resulting equation, showing all
coordinate axes.
 1. x 2  4 xy  4 y 2  2 5 x  5 y  0

2
 2. 3 x  10 xy  3 y 2  22 x  26 y  43  0

 3. 73 x 2  72 xy  52 y 2  380 x  160 y  400  0

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