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Measure of Central Tendency (Assignment)

Measures of Central Tendency are used to describe the center or typical value of a dataset. The three most common measures are the mean, median, and mode. [The mean is the average value found by dividing the sum of all values by the number of values. The median is the middle value of a dataset sorted from lowest to highest. The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in a dataset.] Each measure is calculated differently and appropriate to use depending on whether the data is scaled, the distribution is normal or skewed, and if the data is numerical, ordinal, or categorical.

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Everly Gamayo
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485 views8 pages

Measure of Central Tendency (Assignment)

Measures of Central Tendency are used to describe the center or typical value of a dataset. The three most common measures are the mean, median, and mode. [The mean is the average value found by dividing the sum of all values by the number of values. The median is the middle value of a dataset sorted from lowest to highest. The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in a dataset.] Each measure is calculated differently and appropriate to use depending on whether the data is scaled, the distribution is normal or skewed, and if the data is numerical, ordinal, or categorical.

Uploaded by

Everly Gamayo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Measures of Central Tendency

A measure of central tendency is a summary statistic that represents the center point or
typical value of a dataset. These measures indicate where most values in a distribution
fall and are also referred to as the central location of a distribution. In statistics, the
three most common measures of central tendency are the mean, median, and mode.
Each of these measures calculates the location of the central point using a different
method.

A. Mean- the arithmetic average, and it is probably the measure of central tendency
that you are most familiar. Calculating the mean is very simple. You just add up all of
the values and divide by the number of observations in your dataset.

Properties of Mean When to use the Mean?


The mean is used when both of the
1. Mean can be following conditions are met:

calculated for 1. Data is scaled

any set of a) Data with equal intervals like


speed, weight, height,

numerical data.
Elementary Statistics temperature etc.
2. Distribution is normal
STAT 301

2. A set of a) The mean is sensitive to outliers


that are found in skewed
numerical data distributions, you should only use
the mean when the distribution is
has one and more or less normal.

only
one mean.
3. Mean is the
most reliable
measure of
central
tendency since
it takes into
account every
item in the set
of data.
4. The mean is
affected by
unusually large
or small data
values.
5. The sum of
Elementary Statistics STAT 301

the differences
between
individual
observations
and the mean is
zero.
6. The
product of the
mean and the
number of
items on which
mean is based
is equal to the
sum of all given
items.
1. Mean can be
calculated for
any set of
numerical data.
2. A set of
Elementary Statistics STAT 301

numerical data
has one and
only
one mean.
3. Mean is the
most reliable
measure of
central
tendency since
it takes into
account every
item in the set
of data.
4. The mean is
affected by
unusually large
or small data
values.
5. The sum of
the differences
Elementary Statistics STAT 301

between
individual
observations
and the mean is
zero.
6. The
product of the
mean and the
number of
items on which
mean is based
is equal to the
sum of all given
items.
Mean can be
calculated for
any set of
numerical data.
1. Mean can be calculated by any set
of numerical data.
2. A set ofStatistics
Elementary numerical data has one and STAT 301
only one mean.
3. Mean is the most reliable measure of
central tendency since it takes into
account every item in a set of data.
4. The mean is affected by unusually
large or small data values.
5. The sum of the differences between
individual observations and the
mean is zero.
6. The product of the mean and the
number of items on which mean is
based is equal to the sum of all given
items.
7. The sum of squares of deviation of
set of values about its mean is
minimum.
8. If each item of the original series is
replaced by the actual mean, then
the sum of those substitutions will be
equal to the sum of the individual
items.
9. Mean is not independent of change
of origin and change of scale.

Example:
Data: 4, 3, 6, 10, 3, 7, 3, 8, 5, 3

Mean=
∑ of all data values
Number of data values

4+3+ 6+10+3+7 +3+8+5+3


Mean=
10

52
Mean=
10
Mean=5.2

B. Median- middle value. It is the value that splits the dataset in half. To find the
median, order your data from smallest to largest, and then find the data point that
has an equal amount of values above it and below it.

Elementary Statistics of Median


Properties When to use the Median? STAT 301
1. There is a unique median for each The median is used when either one of
data set. two conditions are met. If the,
2. It is not affected by extremely large or 1. Data is ordinal
small values and is therefore a 2. Distribution is skewed or non-
valuable measure of central tendency normal.
when such values occur.
3. It is not applicable to qualitative data.
4. Median is used when the data is
ordinal.
5. Median can determine by graphic
method.
6. The sum of the absolute deviations
taken from the median is less than the
sum of the absolute deviations taken
from any other

Example:
Data (raw): {4, 3, 6, 10, 3, 7, 3, 8, 5, 3}
Data (ordered): {3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10}
4+5
M edian=
2

9
M edian=
2

Median=4.5

C. Mode- the value that occurs the most frequently in your data set. If the data have
multiple values that are tied for occurring the most frequently, you have a multimodal
distribution. If no value repeats, the data do not have a mode.

Properties of Mode When to use the Mode?


1. The mode is the easiest to compute. The mode is used when you want to
2. The mode is not always unique. A know the most frequent response,
data set can have more than on number or observation in a distribution.
mode, or the mode may not exist for
a data set.
3. Can be used for qualitative as well
as quantitative data.
4. Not affected by extreme values.
5. The mode can be used when the
data areStatistics
Elementary nominal or categorical, such STAT 301
as religious preferences, gender, or
political affiliation.
6. It cannot be manipulated
algebraically: modes of subgroups
cannot be combined.

Example:

Data (raw): {4, 3, 6, 10, 3, 7, 3, 8, 5, 3}


Data (ordered): {3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10}

Mode= 3
References:

Properties of Mean, Median and Mode. Retrieved from


https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/university-of-the-philippines-
diliman/management-accounting/summaries/properties-of-mean-median-and-
mode/7309610/view

Frost, J. (n.d.). Measures of Central Tendency: Mean, Median, and Mode. Retrieved
from https://statisticsbyjim.com/basics/measures-central-tendency-mean-median-mode/

Submitted by:
Elementary Statistics STAT 301
Mae Everly D. Gamayo
BSED- FIL3

Submitted to:

Rina Guingab, LPT


Instructor

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