Faculty of Mechanical Engineering

GIK INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & TECHNOLOGY

Complex Engineering Problem (CEP)

Course: Thermodynamics-2 (ME 232) Spring 2020

Problem Statement 1:

Different techniques are being adopted to improve the efficiency of the Petrol engine, such as use of electronic
devices for controlling various parameters. But the improvement is not significant. Majority of the losses in internal
combustion engine are associated with heat losses in cooling the engine and in exhaust gases. Keeping in view these
losses, propose a design for the I.C engine to recover these losses. All the description and design should be based on
the calculations and existing theories of I.C engines. The new design modification can be based on the following pre-
existing 4-stroke petrol engine. You can assume the following data:
- Four stroke, petrol engine, of capacity 110 cubic meter (CC), Compression Ratio (r c)= 10, Fuel consumption
can be at a fixed speed of 50 KM/hr., Rim diameter can be assumed to be 255 mm, Fuel density as the
desnity of petrol i.e 0.72 kg/L, Air fuel ratio of 15,
Based on the calculation of temperature and pressure at different point of the cycle, you can calculate
availability of the heat from engine cooling water and exhaust gases. Assume some fluid that can extract
heat from the water and exhaust gases, then use this energy to produce more power.
The other aspect to be consider are environment and economics, use any modern tool to solve and analyze the
problem

CEP Attributes Mapping:

(Sr.#1 is mandatory and at least one from the remaining 2~9).

S. No Attribute Justification

1 Preamble The proposed problem required in-depth knowledge of IC

engines, literature survey about the efficiency enhancement
In-depth engineering knowledge of petrol engine, design and modification techniques for
petrol engine.

2 Range of conflicting requirements The proposed design solution for each of the solutions can
be different.

3 Depth of analysis required The problem requires calculation based on the available
waste heat energy, and then how and where to utilize this
energy within the IC engines to improve thermal efficiency.

4 Depth of knowledge required To proposed a modified design, students need

comprehensive literature of the techniques available for
Otto cycle efficiency improvement, how to utilize waste
heat energy etc.

5 Familiarity of issues N/A

6 Extent of applicable codes N/A

7 Extent of stakeholder involvement and N/A

level of conflicting requirement

8 Consequences N/A

9 Interdependence N/A

Duration: Phase 1: 5 weeks after mid-exam

Phase 2: last week of classes
Assessment (out of class): Progress review and Oral discussion/viva (Phase 1)
2nd report and Oral discussion/viva (Phase 2)
Problem Statement 2:

Consider a steam power plant of capacity 250 MW. The fuel burnt is natural gas, supplied at flow rate of 20 kg/s.
Assume stack flue gas temperature of 100 ℃. Since outside weather varies from summer to winter, hence assume
ambient condition to be varied from 3 to 35 ℃, while keeping the ambient pressure to be constant at 101 kPa. You
can assume the following schematic of steam power plant that consist of high pressure (HP), intermediate (IP) and
low pressure (LP) turbines, and six close feed water heater and one deaerator. You can assume any missing data. Use
the actual properties of air and fuel, analyze the following:
1. Heat loss in MW in condenser, boiler, heaters and turbine when the ambient temperature is varied from 3 to
35 ℃.
2. Exergy loss in boiler, turbine, condenser and heater when load is varied from 50 MW to 250 MW
3. Exergetic efficiency of turbine when the ambient temperature is varied from 3 to 35 ℃.
You can use any modern tool to analyze the steam power plant.

CEP Attributes Mapping:

(Sr. # 1 is mandatory and at least one from the remaining 2~9).

S. No Attribute Justification

1 Preamble The proposed problem required in-depth knowledge of

energy and exergy losses in power plant, literature survey
In-depth engineering knowledge about the physical and chemical exergy calculations, and
energy and exergy loss in various sections of the power
plants are required.

2 Range of conflicting requirements The analysis requires for various capacity of the power
plant, as well as variation in weather conditions

3 Depth of analysis required The proposed problem required in-depth knowledge of

energy and exergy losses in power plant, literature survey
about the physical and chemical exergy calculations, and
energy and exergy loss in various sections of the power
plants are required.
4 Depth of knowledge required To perform the energy and exergy analysis of the given
plant, students require knowledge related to steam power
plant, energy loss calculation, exergy loss calculation both
for physical and chemical exergy

5 Familiarity of issues N/A

6 Extent of applicable codes N/A

7 Extent of stakeholder involvement and N/A

level of conflicting requirement

8 Consequences N/A

9 Interdependence N/A

Duration: Phase 1: 5 weeks after mid-exam

Phase 2: last week of classes
Assessment (out of class): Progress review and Oral discussion/viva (Phase 1)
2nd report and Oral discussion/viva (Phase 2)

Problem Statement 3:

Fire Tube boilers are compact in size and are being used for process heating requirements. You are required to design
steam boiler for a process heating application with a capacity of 2 ton per hour that can generate steam at temperature
184℃ and pressure in the range of 0.7-2.5 MPa. The fuel can be either natural gas or oil, take feed water temperature
of 35℃ and stack temperature of 115℃.
In designing a fire tube boiler, selection of size of tube, shell, thickness, configurations, materials used for tubes and
shell as per standard (e.g ASME, ASTM, TEMA etc). Based on the boiler selection and design, also compute
performance of the boiler in terms of boiler efficiency. Based on the selected fuel, also discuss emission contents of
flue gases, final cost of the boiler and return on investment of the steam generated. Based on the design calculations,
you can also draw CAD model of the boiler using any CAD software such as Solid Works, CATIA, Creo etc.
The aspects to be considered include economics, social, environment, ethics, management, technology, analysis, and
evaluation.

CEP Attributes Mapping:

(Sr.#1 is mandatory and at least one from the remaining 2~9).

S. No Attribute Justification

1 Preamble The proposed problem required in-depth knowledge of

boiler operation, boiler design, boiler performance
In-depth engineering knowledge evaluation, emission produced during the combustion

2 Range of conflicting requirements The proposed design solution for each of the solutions can
be different. The boiler pressure operating range, material
selection for shell and tube, dimensions (aspect ratio) etc.
can vary based on the selected standard and design.

3 Depth of analysis required The students need to analyze boiler performance for the
proposed design, emission contents, cost, retun on
investment

4 Depth of knowledge required To proposed a boiler design, students need to llearn CAD
software, in-depth knowledge of boiler, boiler thermal and
mechanical design, heat transfer and specific boiler codes. .
5 Familiarity of issues N/A

6 Extent of applicable codes ASME, ASTM, TEMA

7 Extent of stakeholder involvement and N/A

level of conflicting requirement

8 Consequences N/A

9 Interdependence N/A

Duration: Phase 1: 5 weeks after mid-exam

Phase 2: last week of classes
Assessment (out of class): Progress review and Oral discussion/viva (Phase 1)
2nd report and Oral discussion/viva (Phase 2)