Methodology and Sources of Data

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Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES OF DATA
This chapter specifically describes the research design, respondents of
the study, instrumentation, validation of the instrument, procedure of the study
and statistical treatment of data.
Research Design
Experimental research design is a quantitative research design that bases
its research method on a scientific activity called experiment, in which a test or
examination of a thing under a manipulated or controlled environment is done to
determine the validity or truthfulness of such thing. (Picardie 2014; Yin 2012).
This Study applied the Time-series quasi-experimental design. According
to De Mey and Creswell (2013) time-series quasi-experimental design is
controlling the variables through multiple observation of the subjects before and
after the treatment or condition applied to the experimental group.
The purpose of serial observations is to see the connection between the
pre-test and the post-test based on the taking place of the treatment or condition.
Specifically, the cited design were considered appropriate to the present
study since the study aims to determine the effectiveness of calamansi extract as
underarm whitening.
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Respondents of the Study
The researchers utilized the total population of the object of the study who
receives several pre-test and post-test. The following respondents are from
Grade 12 STEM students of Tomas Claudio Colleges. They were describes in
terms of age, sex, color of skin, block and strand. Table 2 presents the
respondents of the study.
Section Population
STEM – A 1
STEM – C 1
TOTAL 2
Table 2:
Respondents of the Study
Instrumentation
The study utilized a researchers pre-test and post-test as the primary
instrument in order to gather the necessary data or information. The Pre-test and
post-test will applied to the selected respondents of the study.
The First part is the subject’s condition before the actual experiment,
wherein the researchers will observed the underarms of the respondents before
the treatment or condition is applied.
The second part is the treatment, or condition applied on the subject,
wherein the researchers will give several pre-test or post-test to the respondents.
The last part is the subjects’ condition after the treatment. This part will
determined the effectiveness of calamansi extract as underarm whitening.

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Respondents Number of week that the treatment
is applied
SUBJECT 1 1 WEEK
SUBJECT 2 2 WEEKS
Table 3
Treatment Calendar
To know the extent of the effectiveness of calamansi extract as underarm
whitening, the researchers used treatment calendar to know how long it takes to
reveal the whitening effects of calamansi extract in the underarm.
Validation of the Instrument
To check the validity of the Pre-test and Post-test, the researchers sought
the help of research teacher, Ms. Reylyn Geron for the suggestions and
comments. The comments and suggestions of the said person were considered
for the improvement of the instrument.
Procedure of the Study
The study followed the calendar of activities on the subject practical
research in conducting the study. This includes the formulation of quantitative
research problem and the approval of title, construction the chapter one,
research of local and foreign literatures or studies and the construction of chapter
two and three. Permission to conduct the study was obtained from the office of
the principal. After the validation of the instrument, the several post-test and pre-
test was applied to the respondents. After the retrieval the data were encoded
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and processed. Based from the interpreted data, the summary of finding,
conclusions and recommendations were formulated, followed by oral defense.
After the oral defense, the manuscript was revised incorporating all the
comments and suggestions of the panelist. After the revision, final copies of the
manuscript were submitted to the senior high school library.
Statistical Treatment of Data
To interpret the data gathered, statistical tools were applied.
To determine the profile of the respondents, Nominal scale (categorizing
people based on gender, religion, position, etc.) were used.
To determine the extent of the effectiveness of calamansi extract as
underarm whitening, one way of data analysis was employed.

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13

METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES OF DATA

This chapter specifically describes the research design, respondents of

the study, instrumentation, validation of the instrument, procedure of the study

and statistical treatment of data.

Experimental research design is a quantitative research design that bases

its research method on a scientific activity called experiment, in which a test or

examination of a thing under a manipulated or controlled environment is done to

This Study applied the Time-series quasi-experimental design. According

to De Mey and Creswell (2013) time-series quasi-experimental design is

after the treatment or condition applied to the experimental group.

The purpose of serial observations is to see the connection between the

Specifically, the cited design were considered appropriate to the present

Respondents of the Study

Grade 12 STEM students of Tomas Claudio Colleges. They were describes in

respondents of the study.

The study utilized a researchers pre-test and post-test as the primary

post-test will applied to the selected respondents of the study.

the treatment or condition is applied.

The second part is the treatment, or condition applied on the subject,

determined the effectiveness of calamansi extract as underarm whitening.

Respondents Number of week that the treatment

To know the extent of the effectiveness of calamansi extract as underarm

reveal the whitening effects of calamansi extract in the underarm.

Validation of the Instrument

for the improvement of the instrument.

Procedure of the Study

The study followed the calendar of activities on the subject practical

research in conducting the study. This includes the formulation of quantitative

conclusions and recommendations were formulated, followed by oral defense.

manuscript were submitted to the senior high school library.

Statistical Treatment of Data

To interpret the data gathered, statistical tools were applied.

To determine the profile of the respondents, Nominal scale (categorizing

people based on gender, religion, position, etc.) were used.

To determine the extent of the effectiveness of calamansi extract as

underarm whitening, one way of data analysis was employed.

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