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    Nouns Pronouns Phrases Sentence Object: What Is A Preposition?

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    Nouns Pronouns Phrases Sentence Object: What Is A Preposition?

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    Nouns Pronouns Phrases Sentence Object: What Is A Preposition?

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    Mohd Haffiz Zaini

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    What is a Preposition?

    A preposition links nouns, pronouns and phrases to other words in a sentence.


    The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the
    preposition.

    A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its


    object to the rest of the sentence as in the following examples:

    The book is on the table.


    The book is beneath the table.
    The book is leaning against the table.
    The book is beside the table.
    She held the book over the table.
    She read the book during class.

    In each of the preceding sentences, a preposition locates the noun "book" in


    space or in time.

    A prepositional phrase is made up of the preposition, its object and any


    associated adjectives or adverbs. A prepositional phrase can function as a noun,
    an adjective, or an adverb. The most common prepositions are "about," "above,"
    "across," "after," "against," "along," "among," "around," "at," "before," "behind,"
    "below," "beneath," "beside," "between," "beyond," "but," "by," "despite," "down,"
    "during," "except," "for," "from," "in," "inside," "into," "like," "near," "of," "off," "on,"
    "onto," "out," "outside," "over," "past," "since," "through," "throughout," "till," "to,"
    "toward," "under," "underneath," "until," "up," "upon," "with," "within," and
    "without."

    Each of the highlighted words in the following sentences is a preposition:

    The children climbed the mountain without fear.

    In this sentence, the preposition "without" introduces the noun "fear." The
    prepositional phrase "without fear" functions as an adverb describing how the
    children climbed.

    There was rejoicing throughout the land when the government was
    defeated.

    Here, the preposition "throughout" introduces the noun phrase "the land." The
    prepositional phrase acts as an adverb describing the location of the rejoicing.

    The spider crawled slowly along the banister.


    The preposition "along" introduces the noun phrase "the banister" and the
    prepositional phrase "along the banister" acts as an adverb, describing where the
    spider crawled.

    The dog is hiding under the porch because it knows it will be punished for
    chewing up a new pair of shoes.

    Here the preposition "under" introduces the prepositional phrase "under the
    porch," which acts as an adverb modifying the compound verb "is hiding."

    The screenwriter searched for the manuscript he was certain was


    somewhere in his office.

    Similarly in this sentence, the preposition "in" introduces a prepositional phrase


    "in his office," which acts as an adverb describing the location of the missing
    papers.

     
    List of English prepositions

    From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


    Jump to: navigation, search

    This is a list of English prepositions. In English, some prepositions are short,


    typically containing five letters or fewer. There are, however, a significant number
    of multi-word prepositions. Throughout the history of the English language, new
    prepositions have come into use, old ones fallen out of use, and the meaning of
    existing prepositions changed. Nonetheless, the prepositions are by and large a
    closed class.

    Contents
    [hide]
     1 Single-word
     2 Multi-word
    o 2.1 Two words
    o 2.2 Three words
     3 Archaic or infrequently used
     4 Not fully grammaticalized
     5 Preposition-like modifiers of quantified noun
    phrases
     6 Postpositions

     7 References

    [edit] Single-word

    Note: while "out of" and "outside" are prepositions, "out" by itself is not. See this
    list http://www.abcteach.com/abclists/prepositions.htm One can say "She went
    out of the house." Here "out of" is the preposition. However, if one says "She
    went out the house" - here "out" is a phrasal verb, not a preposition. One can
    also say "She went out", but "out" here is a place, not a preposition.

     aboard
     about
     above
     absent
     across
     after
     against
     along
     alongside
     amid
     amidst
     among
     amongst
     around
     as
     aslant
     astride
     at
     atop
     barring
     before
     behind
     below
     beneath
     beside
     besides
     between
     beyond
     but
     by
     despite
     down
     during
     except
     failing
     following
     for
     from
     in
     inside
     into
     like
     mid
     minus
     near
     next
     notwithstanding (also used postpositionally)
     of
     off
     on
     onto
     opposite
     outside
     over
     past
     plus
     regarding
     round
     save
     since
     than
     through
     throughout
     till
     times
     to
     toward
     towards
     under
     underneath
     unlike
     until
     up
     upon
     via
     with
     within
     without

    [edit] Multi-word

    [edit] Two words


     according to
     ahead of
     as to
     aside from
     because of
     close to
     due to
     far from
     in to (contracted as into)
     inside of (note that inside out is an adjective, not a preposition)
     instead of
     near to
     next to
     on to (contracted as onto)
     out of
     outside of
     owing to
     prior to
     pursuant to
     subsequent to

    [edit] Three words


     as far as
     as well as
     by means of
     in accordance with
     in addition to
     in front of
     in place of
     in spite of
     on account of
     on behalf of
     on top of
     with regard to
     in case of

    [edit] Archaic or infrequently used


     anent
     anti (loan word)
     betwixt
     circa (loan word)
     cum (loan word)
     in lieu of (loan word)
     per (loan word)
     qua (loan word)
     re (loan word)
     sans (loan word)
     unto (largely supplanted by to; used in some formal, religious, and/or
    archaic contexts)
     versus (loan word)
     vis-à-vis (loan word)

    [edit] Not fully grammaticalized


     concerning
     considering
     regarding

    [edit] Preposition-like modifiers of quantified noun phrases


     apart from
     but
     except
     plus
     save
    [edit] Postpositions
     ago as in "five years ago", sometimes considered an adverb rather than a
    postposition
     apart as in "this apart", also used prepositionally ("apart from this")
     aside as in "such examples aside", also used prepositionally ("aside from
    such examples")
     away as in "five light years away", sometimes considered an adverb or an
    adjective rather than a postposition
     hence as in "five years hence", sometimes considered an adverb rather
    than a postposition
     notwithstanding also used prepositionally
     on as in "five years on", also used prepositionally
     through as in "the whole night through", also used prepositionally
     withal archaic as a postposition meaning with

    [edit] References
     David Crystal (1995). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English
    Language (3rd ed.). Cambridge: Press Syndicate. ISBN 0-521-40179-8.
     Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum (2002). The Cambridge
    Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge
    University Press. ISBN 0-521-43146-8.

    Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_English_prepositions"

    Category: English grammar

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