INTRODUCTION TO NATIONAL SECURITY National Interest of the Philippines

PRELIM REVIEWER The Constitution of the Philippines clearly indicates the

national interest of the Republic. They include, among others, political
independence and stability, democratic governance, socio-economic
PNPA CADET PHILOSOPHY well-being, territorial integrity, ecological equilibrium, and cultural
I am a government scholar. The Filipino nation is paying for my education. preservation. -PNP Fundamental Doctrine
I was chosen from among the Filipino youth for a specific job: law (2013)
enforcement. Philippine National Police Manual, p. 7 PNPM-D-0-1-2-13
I belong to the security sector and I am answerable for the security of my (DHRDD)
nation.
I will not pursue endeavors which will diminish my effectiveness as a law PREAMBLE
enforcement officer. We the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God,
I will advance the nation’s interests over mine. in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government
I call this DUTY, and this is where I derive HONOR. that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common
I worship GOD only, and my privileges were not meant to make me a lord,
good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and
but to serve the Filipino nation.
posterity the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule
of law and regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace,
WHAT IS NATIONAL SECURITY?
do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
“No social science concept has been more abused and misused than
national security.” mine. -DAVID
The Preamble contains the referents of security, which are:
A. BALDWIN
“The national security doctrine is notoriously elusive and its definition - The people (the living);
has been debated for centuries.” -DONAL - Their posterity (future generation beyond the lifetime of the
KEARNEY living);
- Their sovereignty government;
“National security has come to mean different things to different - Their patrimony (national territory, estates, endowments,
people. Today, there are all kinds of ‘national securities.’ They include properties, etc.); and
economic security; energy security; environmental security; and even - Their time-honored values (democracy, rule of law, truth,
health, women’s, and food security (which are) merely rebranding of justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace)
domestic agendas to shift resouces away from the (defense
department).” “Enduring peace can be attained only if we meet the fundamental
- KIM R. HOLMES, PhD. needs of every man, woman and child.”
“When modern social scientists talk to the concept, they generally - PRESIDENT RODRIGO ROA DUTERTE
mean “the ability of a nation to protect its internal values from external First State of the Nation Address 25
threats.” July 2016

“Alexander Hamilton conceived the purpose of members; the “It has grown into a proverb that affluence maddens nations;
preservation of the public peace as well against internal convulsions as and it has been said, in reference to individuals, that it is easier to bear
external attacks…’ the trials of adversity than of posterity.
That which applies to individuals is no less true of nations.”
“If this is the purpose for which our political structures were formed, a - James Guthrie (1857)
fundamental national interest must be to protect the State so that it may U.S. Secretary of the
pursue these aims.” Treasury
-LAURA K. DONOHUE
Associate Professor of Law, Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Georgetown Law. Self-actualization: achieve one’s full potential, including creative
activities
“National security is the preservation of the political and constitutional Esteem needs: prestige and feeding of accomplishment
structures in light of the purpose for which they were created.” Belongingness and love needs: intimate relationship, friends
- LAURA K. DONOHUE Physiological needs: food, water, warmth, rest

“The best security for the perpetual existence of the State is the National Interest, Objectives and Strategy
‘supreme authority’ of the Constitution of the United States. The National interest refers to any or all particular ends from
perpetuity of the Constitution brings with it the perpetuity of the States; which a nation finds benefits or advantages for the welfare of its own
their mutual relation makes us what we are, and in our political system people.
their connection is indissoluble. The whole cannot exist without the
parts, nor the parts without the whole. So long as the Constitution of A national interest consist of an undertaking or involvement in any
the United States endures, the States will endure. The destruction of the particular concern which redounds to the security and well-being of the
one is the destruction of the other; the preservation of the one is the people.
preservation of the other.” - PNP Fundamental Doctrine (2013)
-U.S. President Andrew Johnson, First Annual Message (December Philippine National Police Manual, p. 8 PNPM-D-0-1-2-13
4, 1865) (DHRDD)

“National security is a guarantee that the sovereignty, territory, National Objectives

citizens, constitutional values, and acquired gains of a nation-state are National objectives are the aims, goals or ends towards which a
protected, promoted, and defended.” national strategy is directed.
- Dr. Ananda Devi Domingo-Almase, DPA They support the national interests and provide the bases for
Professor III, National Defense College of the Philippines which policies are formulated and implemented.
- PNP Fundamental Doctrine (2013)
“National security is a state or condition wherein the nation’s Philippine National Police Manual, p. 7 PNPM-D-0-1-2-13
sovereignty and territorial integrity, the people’s well-being, core (DHRDD)
values and way of life, and the State and its institution, are protected
and enhanced.” The National Objectives Of The Philippines:
- National Security Strategy Security and Development for - To preserve the territorial integrity of the Philippine
Transformational Change and Well-Being of the Filipino archipelago;
People 2018 - To promote the general welfare of the people;
 - To establish and maintain friendly and peaceful relations with The 1976 TRIPOLI AGREEMENT
all nations; • In 1976, Libyan politician Moammar Gadhafi brokered the negotiation
- To achieve national unity; and between the GRPH and MNLF Leader Nur Misuari.
- To ensure internal security by maintaining a high state of law • The 1976 Tripoli Agreement essentially made MNLF and GRPH meet in a
and order. compromise agreement to establish an Autonomous Region in the
Bangsamoro Land.
• Out of the twenty-five (25) provinces claimed by the MNLF for
National Strategy Independence, the Tripoli Agreement negotiations settled to a compromise
National strategy is the art and science of employing the of thirteen (13) provinces to be included in the formation of an
political, economic, psycho-social, and military/police powers of a Autonomous Government for the Bangsamoro People
nation in times of peace or war to achieve national objectives.  NAMELY:
It is a long range plan that involves total power and assets of a Basilan, Sulu, Tawi-tawi, Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga del Norte, North
nation to realize national ends. Cotabato, Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat, Lanao del Norte, Lanao del Sur, Davao
- PNP Fundamental Doctrine (2013) del Sur, South Cotabato, Palawan.
Philippine National Police Manual, p. 8 PNPM-D-0-1-2-  SEPARATISTS OF MNLF
13 (DHRDD)  MILF
 ABU SAYYAF
Police Power  FAKE MNLF
Police power refers to the power of the government to 2. MORO ISLAMIC LIBERATION FRONT
regulate behaviors and enforce order within its territory, often framed • The first separatist of the MNLF was in 1976
in terms of public welfare, security, health, and safety. • original name was "New MNLF".
The exercise of police power can be in the form of making • led by Hashim Salamat
laws, compelling obedience to those laws through physical means with The MILF separated from MNLF for two reasons:
the aim of removing liberty, legal sanctions, or other forms of coercion (1) MILF believes that the Bangsamoro Land should be an Independent Islamic
and inducements. State, and
(2) the Bangsamoro Freedom Fighters should not negotiate with the
Government of the Republic of the Philippines.
3. ABU SAYYAF/Al Harakatul Islamiya
 Bearer of the Sword
Police Power of the State
 2nd separatist of MNLF
Police power depends largely, but not solely, on the strength of the
 Founded In:1991
nation’s police forces. It likewise depends on the three components of
 Abdurajik Abubakar Janjalani/Khadafi Janjalani
national power – political, economic, and political components.
 Home Base: Southern islands of the Philippines
- PNP Fundamental Doctrine (2013)
 Abu Sayyaf is intolerant to other religions and called for continuous Jihad
Philippine National Police Manual, p. 10 PNPM-D-0-1-2-
to pursue a pure Islamic State and believes in the "killing of enemies" and
13 (DHRDD)
"depriving them of their wealth" (kidnap for ransom).
Police Power
Police powers become almost synonymous to national power so I” have no special talents. I am only passionately curious”. -AE
that in the pursuit of desired national ends, greater reliance is placed on 4. Fake MNLF, aka 15EC
the police.  The third separatist of the MNLF
It is designated to exert legal force or pressure.  in 2001 during the administration of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
It becomes a national tool for the implementation of national goals  They called themselves MNLF Central Committee or MNLF Executive
and objectives and the measure of its effectiveness. Council, a group of 15 leaders of the MNLF that have become anti-
- PNP Fundamental Doctrine (2013) Misuari
Philippine National Police Manual, p. 10 PNPM-D-0-1-2- 5. NEW PEOPLE'S ARMY
13 (DHRDD) • ( Bagong Hukbong Bayan)
• armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP).
The fundamental objectives of Police Power: • It was formed on March 29, 1969
- To uphold the sovereignty of the state from all threats; • Jose Maria Sison
- To suppress any violation of law that threatens the security of • Northern Philippines
the state; and • Aimed at overthrowing the Philippine government through guerrilla
- To ensure compliance of the law by everyone. warfare
- PNP Fundamental Doctrine (2013) • the NPA strongly opposes the U.S. military presence in the Philippines
Philippine National Police Manual, p. 10 PNPM-D-0-1-2- and publicly expressed its intent to target U.S. personnel in the Philippines
13 (DHRDD) • The NPA primarily targets Philippine security forces, politicians, judges,
government informers and former NPA rebels.
Preliminary Examination 6. Alex Boncayao Brigade (ABB)
- Type of exam: True or False, Multiple Choice, Enumeration, • The breakaway urban hit squad of the Communist Party of the
and Essay. Philippines/New People’s Army
- Total of 100 points • formed in the mid-1980s.
- Write legibly and neatly for essay questions (30%). • In March 1997, the group announced it had formed an alliance with
- Bonus question: Memorize PNPA Cadet Philosophy another armed group, the Revolutionary Proletarian Army (RPA).
• In March 2000, the group claimed credit for a rifle grenade attack against
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON NATIONAL SECURITY the Department of Energy building in Manila and strafed Shell Oil offices
in the central Philippines to protest rising oil prices.
TERRORIST GROUPS OPERATING IN THE PHILIPPINES Location/Area of Operation
1. MORO NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT • The largest RPA/ABB groups are on the Philippine islands of Luzon,
• founded by Nur Misuari in 1969 Negros, and the Visayas.
• Egalitarianism 7. REBOLUSYONARYONG HUKBONG BAYAN
• achieve independence of the Bangsamoro Land (or Bangsamoro Nation, or • September 1998
Mindanao Nation) • Classifications: Communist/Socialist Financial
• Bangsamoro Land covers Sulu, Mindanao and Palawan, or otherwise • led by Luisita de la Cruz, Caridad Magpantay Pascual and Frank Pascual.
known as MINSUPALA. • The group was formed in the late 1990s after they were expelled from the
• Bangsamoro Land is also known as Southern Philippines CPP-NPA.
• Sources: The RHB is believed to be financed through extortion and other
criminal activities
• Founding Philosophy: Rebolusyonaryong Hukbong Bayan (RHB) is the
armed wing of the Marxist-Leninist Party of the Philippines (MLPP).
Since its foundation in 1998, the RHB has been responsible for numerous
acts of violence against rival terrorist groups, civilians, and the Philippine
Army
AREA OF OPERATION:
• CENTRAL AND NORTHERN LUZON
• BATAAN
• ZAMBALES
• PAMPANGA
• TARLAC
8. RAJAH SOLAIMAN MOVEMENT
• Strength: Greater than 70 members
• Classifications: Religious
• Financial Sources: illegitimate Islamic charities in Southeast Asia and the
Middle East, shares funding with allies
• founded in January 2002.
• dedicated to creating an Islamic state in the Philippines.
• The group represents a radical and militarized fringe of the greater "Balik
Islam" (return to Islam) movement, which is made up of people who grew
up as Roman Catholics that have since converted to Islam.
• RSM's founder and first leader, Ahmed Santos (aka Hilarion del Rosario),
converted to Islam in 1993 and married into the top ranks of the leadership
of the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG).
• Partially as a move designed to dilute and limit the increasing
effectiveness and scope of joint Filipino-American counterterrorism
efforts.
• The group is named after Rajah Solaiman, a Muslim, who was the last
indigenous King of Manila before Spanish rule began in the 1500s.
Relationship with the other Terrorist Group
• RSM maintains close relationships with other terrorist groups including
the ASG, Jemaah Islamiya (JI), and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front
(MILF). RSM is known to share members, training facilities, and funds
with these terrorist organizations.
• One Filipino Army official speculated that generally, ASG plans
operations, JI supplies funding, MILF provides safe houses for operatives,
and RSM executes operations.