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Project Antenna Array

1) An antenna array consists of multiple individual antennas spaced and phased to direct radiation in a preferred direction while cancelling it out in other directions, providing greater directivity than a single antenna. 2) The total radiation from an antenna array is the vector sum of the fields produced by each individual antenna. The relative phases of the individual fields depend on the direction. 3) Broadside and endfire arrays are two common types of linear antenna arrays. A broadside array radiates maximally perpendicular to the array axis, while an endfire array achieves unidirectional radiation by feeding the antennas out of phase.

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Prasanna Kumar
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72 views3 pages

Project Antenna Array

1) An antenna array consists of multiple individual antennas spaced and phased to direct radiation in a preferred direction while cancelling it out in other directions, providing greater directivity than a single antenna. 2) The total radiation from an antenna array is the vector sum of the fields produced by each individual antenna. The relative phases of the individual fields depend on the direction. 3) Broadside and endfire arrays are two common types of linear antenna arrays. A broadside array radiates maximally perpendicular to the array axis, while an endfire array achieves unidirectional radiation by feeding the antennas out of phase.

Uploaded by

Prasanna Kumar
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Antenna Array

INTRODUCTION (Antenna array or array of


antennas):-
The field radiated by any small linear antenna is un-uniformly distributed in the
plane perpendicular to the axis of the antenna.

For example :the radiation pattern to an elementary dipole in which maximum


radiation takes place at right angle to axis and the decrease slowly to maximum ,
as the polar angle decreases towards the axis of the dipole. Thus a non-uniform
type of radiation pattern may be preferred in many broad cast services but not at
all desirable for pint to point communication and preferred-coverage services.
The field strength can be increased in preferred direction by properly exiting
group of array of antennas simultaneously in an arrangement known as array of
antennas of simply antenna arrays. Array of antenna in an arrangement, of
several individual antenna so spaced and phased that their individual contribution
coming in one preferred direction and cancel in all other direction, to get greater
directivity. Thus, an antenna array is a system of similar antennas oriented
similarly to get greater directivity in desired direction. It may also be defined as,
“A radiating system consists of several spaced and properly phased radiators”

Antenna array is one of common method of combining the radiations from a


group or array of similar antenna in which the phenomena of wave-interference is
involved. The total field by an antenna array system at a great distance from it, is
the vector sum of the field produced by the individual antenna of the array
system. The relative phases of individual field components depend on the
direction.
Further, an antenna is said to be linear, if the individual antennas of the
array are equally spaced along a straight line. Individual antenna array system is
also termed as ‘elements’. Thus, linear antenna array is a system of equally
spaced elements. Also, a uniform linear array is one, in which the elements are
fed with current of equal magnitude with uniform progressive phase shift along
the line. It may, however, be noted that the term “phase” in an antenna arrays
and ordinary circuit has same meaning, two currents in two elements are said to
be in phase if they reach their maximum values, flowing in the same direction at
same instant.

Further, the elements in a multi-element array is generally a dipole


antenna, the length of which is not necessarily electrical half wave length from
is wit in 5% and hence the radiating properties of the element is not
effected.

VARIOUS GORMS OF ANTENNA ARRAY


Various antenna array used in practice are following:

1. Broadside Array
This is one of the important antenna used in practice. Broad-side array is one
in which a number of identical parallel antennas are set up along a line drawn
perpendicular to their respective axis as shown in fig below. In the broad-side
array, individual antenna are equally spaced along a line and each element is
fed with current of equal of magnitude, all in the same phase. By doing so, this
arrangement fires in broad-band direction where there are maximum
radiations and relatively little radiations in other direction and hence the
radiation pattern broad side array is bidirectional which radiates equally well in
either direction of maximum radiation. Therefore, broad side array must be
defined as “An array arrangement in which the principal direction radiation is
perpendicular to the array axis and also to the plane containing the array
element”.
It may, however, be noted that the bidirectional pattern of a broad side
array can be covered into unidirectional by installing in identical array behind
this array at a distance and an exciting it by current leading in phase by
90% radian. Further, broad side arrays may also be arranged in elements are
horizontal and its radiation pattern is vertical normal to the plane of element
as shown in figure. Lastly a broad side couplet is said to form if two isotropic
radiators operate in phase there by they reinforce each other most strongly in
the plane right angles to the line joining them.

2. End Fire Array:


The end fire array is nothing but broad side array except the individual
elements are fed in, out of phase(180). Thus in the end fire array, a number
of identical antennas are spaced equally along a line and individual element
are fed with currents of equal magnitude but their phases varies
progressively along the line in such a way as to make the entire
arrangement substantially unidirectional. In other words, becomes

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