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    2020 - Sept21 - ME 004A

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    Daniel Manivough
    The document discusses three types of thermodynamic processes: isometric, isobaric, and isothermal. 1) In an isometric (constant volume) process, work done is zero, internal energy and enthalpy changes are determined by temperature change only, and entropy increases with temperature. 2) In an isobaric (constant pressure) process, volume and temperature are directly related, non-flow work occurs, and entropy increases with temperature. 3) In an isothermal (constant temperature) process, volume and pressure are inversely related, internal energy and enthalpy do not change, and both heat and work done are determined by temperature and volume change.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    2020 - Sept21 - ME 004A

    Uploaded by

    Daniel Manivough
    32 views11 pages
    The document discusses three types of thermodynamic processes: isometric, isobaric, and isothermal. 1) In an isometric (constant volume) process, work done is zero, internal energy and enthalpy changes are determined by temperature change only, and entropy increases with temperature. 2) In an isobaric (constant pressure) process, volume and temperature are directly related, non-flow work occurs, and entropy increases with temperature. 3) In an isothermal (constant temperature) process, volume and pressure are inversely related, internal energy and enthalpy do not change, and both heat and work done are determined by temperature and volume change.

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    2020_Sept21_ME 004A

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    The document discusses three types of thermodynamic processes: isometric, isobaric, and isothermal. 1) In an isometric (constant volume) process, work done is zero, internal energy and enthalpy changes are determined by temperature change only, and entropy increases with temperature. 2) In an isobaric (constant pressure) process, volume and temperature are directly related, non-flow work occurs, and entropy increases with temperature. 3) In an isothermal (constant temperature) process, volume and pressure are inversely related, internal energy and enthalpy do not change, and both heat and work done are determined by temperature and volume change.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    32 views11 pages

    2020 - Sept21 - ME 004A

    Uploaded by

    Daniel Manivough
    The document discusses three types of thermodynamic processes: isometric, isobaric, and isothermal. 1) In an isometric (constant volume) process, work done is zero, internal energy and enthalpy changes are determined by temperature change only, and entropy increases with temperature. 2) In an isobaric (constant pressure) process, volume and temperature are directly related, non-flow work occurs, and entropy increases with temperature. 3) In an isothermal (constant temperature) process, volume and pressure are inversely related, internal energy and enthalpy do not change, and both heat and work done are determined by temperature and volume change.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 11

    Isometric Process is a Constant Volume

    Process.
    𝑉=𝐶
    Condition:
    𝑃𝑉 𝑛 = 𝐶
    𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑛 = ∞
    The following shows and explain how the
    different forms of energy behave at
    constant volume process.

    I. Isometric/Isochoric Process (V=C)


    1. Relationship between pressure and
    temperature
    𝑃1 𝑃2
    =
    𝑇1 𝑇2
    2. Non-flow Work
    2

    𝑊𝑁𝐹 = ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑉 = 0
    1
    𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝑃[𝑉2 − 𝑉1 ] = 0

    3. Change in Internal Energy


    ∆𝑈 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇

    4. Change in Enthalpy
    ∆ℎ = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇

    5. Heat
    𝑄 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇 = ∆𝑈
    6. Change in Entropy
    𝑇2
    ∆𝑠 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 𝑙𝑛
    𝑇1

    7. Work Steady Flow


    𝑄 = ∆𝑃𝐸 + ∆𝐾𝐸 + ∆𝑈 + ∆𝑊𝑓 + 𝑊𝑆𝐹
    𝑊𝑆𝐹 = −∆𝑊𝑓
    𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑊𝑓 = 𝑃𝑉
    ∆𝑊𝑓 = 𝑊𝑓 2 − 𝑊𝑓 1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2 − 𝑃1 𝑉1
    𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑉 = 𝐶; 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = 𝑉
    ∆𝑊𝑓 = 𝑃2 𝑉 − 𝑃1 𝑉
    ∆𝑊𝑓 = 𝑉[𝑃2 − 𝑃1 ]

    𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒:
    𝑊𝑆𝐹 = −𝑉 (𝑃2 − 𝑃1 )
    Isobaric Process is a Constant Pressure
    Process.
    𝑃=𝐶
    Condition:
    𝑃𝑉 𝑛 = 𝐶
    𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑛 = 0
    Let's see how the different forms of energy
    behave at constant pressure process.

    II. Isobaric Process (P=C)


    1. Relationship between volume and
    temperature
    𝑉1 𝑉2
    =
    𝑇1 𝑇2
    2. Non-flow Work
    2

    𝑊𝑁𝐹 = ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑉 = 𝑃(𝑉2 − 𝑉1 )


    1
    3. Change in Internal Energy
    ∆𝑈 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇

    4. Change in Enthalpy
    ∆ℎ = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇

    5. Heat
    𝑄 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇 = ∆ℎ

    6. Change in Entropy
    𝑇2
    ∆𝑠 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 𝑙𝑛
    𝑇1

    7. Work Steady Flow


    𝑄 = ∆𝑃𝐸 + ∆𝐾𝐸 + ∆𝑈 + ∆𝑊𝑓 + 𝑊𝑆𝐹
    𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: ∆ℎ = ∆𝑈 + ∆𝑊𝑓
    𝑄 = ∆𝑃𝐸 + ∆𝐾𝐸 + ∆ℎ + 𝑊𝑆𝐹
    𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒:
    𝑊𝑆𝐹 = 0
    Isothermal Process is a Constant
    Temperature Process.
    𝑇=𝐶
    Condition:
    𝑃𝑉 𝑛 = 𝐶
    𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑛 = 1

    Let’s learn how the different forms of


    energy behave at constant temperature
    process.

    III. Isothermal Process (T=C)


    1. Relation between volume and
    pressure
    𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2

    2. Non-flow Work
    2
    𝑉2
    𝑊𝑁𝐹 = ∫ 𝑃𝑑𝑉 = 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑙𝑛
    𝑉1
    1
    𝑃𝑉 = 𝐶
    𝐶
    𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑃 =
    𝑉
    2
    𝐶
    𝑊𝑁𝐹 = ∫ 𝑑𝑉
    𝑉
    1
    2
    𝑑𝑉
    𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝐶∫
    𝑉
    1
    𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝐶[ln 𝑉] 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑉1 𝑡𝑜 𝑉2
    𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝐶 [ln 𝑉2 − ln 𝑉1 ]
    𝑉2
    𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝐶 [ln ]
    𝑉1
    𝑏𝑢𝑡: 𝑃𝑉 = 𝐶
    𝑉2
    𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝑃1 𝑉1 ln
    𝑉1
    Using Boyle’s Law:
    𝑃1 𝑉1 = 𝑃2 𝑉2
    𝑃1 𝑉2
    =
    𝑃2 𝑉1
    𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠, 𝑤𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡:
    𝑃1
    𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝑃1 𝑉1 ln
    𝑃2

    3. Change in Internal Energy


    ∆𝑈 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 ∆𝑇 = 𝑚𝐶𝑣 [𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ]
    𝑇=𝐶
    𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒:
    ∆𝑈 = 0
    4. Change in Enthalpy
    ∆ℎ = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 ∆𝑇 = 𝑚𝐶𝑝 [𝑇2 − 𝑇1 ]
    𝑇=𝐶
    𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠:
    ∆ℎ = 0

    5. Heat
    𝑉2 𝑉2
    𝑄 = 𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑙𝑛 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇 ln
    𝑉1 𝑉1

    6. Change in Entropy
    𝑄 𝑃1 𝑉2
    ∆𝑠 = = 𝑚𝑅 ln = 𝑚𝑅 ln
    𝑇 𝑃2 𝑉1

    7. Work Steady Flow


    𝑉2
    𝑊𝑆𝐹 = 𝑊𝑁𝐹 = 𝑃1 𝑉1 𝑙𝑛
    𝑉1

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